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1.
Modelling mould growth on coated modified and unmodified wood substrates exposed outdoors 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Mould growth on coated wood is today a genuine challenge for house owners. Environmentally sound wooden facades with long
service lives and acceptable appearance are desired. The objective in this study was to investigate the accumulated mould
growth on 13 different wood substrates with 3 surface coating systems by identifying the factors that contribute to the variation
and to predict future performance. A generalized linear mixed model was fit to the data with the analysis showing that coating
and exposure time both had highly significant influences on mould growth. Further, wood substrate was significant, but comparatively
less than coating and exposure time. A smaller coefficient for mould coverage in the beginning of the exposure period gave
the panels with one of the coating systems, BAP, a delay in mould growth, and the extrapolated values for years 6–12 indicate
a longer aesthetic service life than panels with the two other coating systems. Coated heartwood as wood type was less susceptible
to mould growth than coated mixed wood and coated sapwood. Acetylated pine as wood substrate and aspen as wood species had
lower resistance to mould growth than the other wood substrates and wood species, respectively. 相似文献
2.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(1):1-3
Abstract Development in surface mould growth on painted/unpainted wooden claddings and acting climatic factors were investigated over a period of 3 years. Eight wood substrates, including modified, preservative-treated and untreated wood, were tested in combination with three types of paint: (1) water-borne alkyd modified acrylic paint without fungicide; (2) solvent-borne alkyd paint without fungicide; and (3) ICP (internal comparison product). One set of samples was exposed unpainted. The samples were tested according to a modified version of EN 927-3. A logistic regression model was fitted to the data. The degree of mould growth varied with exposure time, coating typology, wood substrate, temperature and relative humidity. Exposure time and coating typology contributed most to the model. After 3 years of outdoor exposure unpainted panels and panels coated with solvent-borne paint without fungicide had more mould growth than panels coated with ICP and water-borne paint without fungicide. Unpainted oil/copper–organic preservative-treated claddings had higher resistance to mould growth than other unpainted wood substrates. Coated untreated pine and coated acetylated pine were more susceptible to mould growth than other coated wooden substrates. 相似文献
3.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):95-110
Abstract Wood moisture content of coated panels of Scots pine sapwood was recorded during 24 months natural weathering in Vienna by logging electric resistance and temperature near the surface. Eight coating systems with various film thicknesses were used, including three solvent borne alkyd stains, three water borne acrylic stains and two water borne acrylic paints. At five sites in Europe wood moisture content of panels coated with three solvent borne alkyd stains, a brown acrylic stain and a white opaque acrylic paint was recorded weekly by changes in panel mass. Fluctuations in wood moisture content were influenced by the film thickness, water permeability and colour of the coating systems used. Degradation phenomena led to decreasing moisture protection of less durable coating systems over time of exposure. The exposure site clearly affected wood moisture content in the panels. 相似文献
4.
5.
I. T. MacLeod A. D. Scully K. P. Ghiggino P. J. A. Ritchie O. M. Paravagna B. Leary 《Wood Science and Technology》1995,29(3):183-189
Summary Western red cedar panels, one coated with a soft latex-based acrylic polymer clear coating and the other uncoated, were exposed outdoors under a series of cut-off filters for 50 weeks. FTIR-ATR spectra of the panels showed that the extent of delignification increased with decreasing wavelengths of the solar radiation incident at the wood surface. The results support the proposal that it is the UV component of sunlight that is primarily responsible for the degradation of lignin. The extent of loss of lignin from the surface of the exposed coated panel was significantly less than that for the exposed uncoated panel suggesting that the coating confers some protection from weathering to the underlying timber. Colorimetric measurements also showed that the degree of discoloration of the panels is related to the wavelength of the radiation penetrating the wood surface.This work was supported financially by ICI Dulux Australia and the Australian Research Council. The authors also express their appreciation for helpful discussions with G. J. Wilson of the Commonwealth of Australia Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (C.S.I.R.O.) and I. Leaver of Dulux Australia 相似文献
6.
观光木是广西大力发展的珍稀树种之一,具有优良的材性和机械加工性能.本文以观光木木材用的涂饰聚氨酯清漆和水性木器漆为研究对象,研究漆膜理化性能、光泽度和色度学特征的变化规律,为观光木木材高附加值实木制品的开发利用提供理论依据和信息.研究表明：①聚氨酯清漆的最佳涂饰工艺为：砂纸选用400#（表面粗糙度Ra为2.3）,底漆涂布量为50 g/m2,面漆涂布量为70 g/m2,涂饰次数为3底3面;②水性木器漆涂料的最佳涂饰工艺为：砂纸选用320#（表面粗糙度Ra为2.9）,底漆涂布量为100g/m2,面漆涂布量为120g/m2,涂饰次数为3底3面;③从漆膜理化性能、改善观光木表面光泽度和色度学特征以及节约原料看,聚氨酯清漆比水性木器漆有较明显的优势. 相似文献
7.
S.-Z. Chow 《Wood Science and Technology》1971,5(1):27-39
Summary Spectra resulting from chemical changes in white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] microsections heated in air or nitrogen at high temperatures (100 to 240°C) were continuously recorded on an infrared spectrophotometer.A significant change occurred in the intensity of the 1730 cm-1 band which indicates a carbonyl absorption of carboxyl and ester groups of wood. This intensity initially decreased and the increased at a greater rate. The time periods to reach the minimum inflection point, termed the times to initiate a significant oxidative carboxylation or oxidation, showed a good curvilinear relationship with heating temperatures.Quantification of this time-temperature relationship required to reach a significant level of oxidation was achieved, using wood microsections that had extractives removed to varying degrees. It was concluded that the extractives served only as catalysts for oxidation. When drying wood at temperatures over 180°C, in addition to oxidation, pyrolytic degradation occurred.Chemical evidence was further confirmed by tests of plywood panels bonded with phenolformaldehyde glue. Three separate types of veneers were investigated—non-extracted, acetone extracted, and veneer with the surface chemically stabilized by treatment with sodium borohydride. The results suggest that the time period to reach a significant level of oxidative carboxylation is also the time period to initiate a wood surface inactivated to polymer adhesion.The author wishes to thank Miss D. Bouchard and Mr. H. N. Mukai for their assistance in the experiments. Appreciation also is due to Mr. H. MacLean for a critical review of this paper. 相似文献
8.
Laminated products, such as laminated veneer lumber (LVL) or plywood (PW), have become important recently. The objective of
this study was to determine and compare properties of panels fabricated with veneers of Gmelina arborea trees in a fast-growth plantation and glued with phenol formaldehyde resin. The results showed that LVL and PW physical and
mechanical properties are comparable to those of solid wood with a specify gravity of 0.60. Moreover, these panels can be
cataloged into group 2 of PS 1–95 of the Voluntary Products Standard of the United States. The difference in physical properties
was not statistically significant between LVL and PW panels, except for water absorption. Some mechanical properties, such
as hardness and glue-line shear, modulus of rupture in perpendicular flexure, nail and screw withdrawal parallel, and perpendicular
strength, were statistically different between LVL and PW. However, no differences were established for the modulus of elasticity,
tensile strength parallel to the surface, or tensile strength perpendicular to the surface. The differences were attributed
to the venners’ orientation in the panels studied. 相似文献
9.
Bruna Ugulino 《Wood material science & engineering》2018,13(2):64-72
Sanding is the most common machining process used to prepare wood surfaces prior to coating. Hence, to improve surface quality and coating performance during this process, an optimal set of machining parameters should be established according to wood species and its final use. The effects of grit size and feed speed on surface properties and coating performance of red oak wood were studied. Surface quality was assessed by surface roughness, scanning electron micrographs, and wetting analyses. Coating performance was evaluated using pull-off adhesion tests on coated surfaces before and after an accelerated weathering. The results showed that smoother surfaces are obtained as the grit size number of the abrasive increased. On the other hand, minor differences were observed on cell damages and surface roughness as feed speed changed. Also, there was little difference among treatments concerning wetting behavior and surface energy. Pull-off strength was more affected by changes in grit size than feed speed. A P100-grit size program with a feed speed of 7 m/min resulted in a suitable roughness which provided good adhesion and high pull-off strength after aging test. 相似文献
10.
A study of the surface discolouration of clear coated wood during artificial and outdoor weathering and its prevention using clear coatings comprising organic UV absorbers (UVA) and mineral UV screeners was carried out. It was shown that the use of UVA and UV screeners in clear coatings was very effective in reducing photodegradation of the wood surface. Preliminary irradiation trials with Xenon arc light showed that the UV screener TiO2 led to the least discolouration of the coated wood surface, closely followed by UVA of the hydroxyphenyl-s-triazine class (HPT). The artificial and outdoor weathering trials indicated that UVA of the HPT class stabilised the colour of the wood surface better than UVA of the 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-benzotriazole class (BTZ). Comparison of different artificial weathering methods indicated that Xenon arc light weathering showed the best match to the proceeding discolouration of the clear coated wood panels during outdoor weathering. 相似文献
11.
Density profile relation to hardness of VTC wood composites was evaluated using X-ray densitometry and modified Brinell hardness
method using different applied forces. Moreover, surface elasticity was evaluated. Prior to lamination, the low-density hybrid
poplar (Populus deltoides × Populus trichocarpa L.) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii L.) thin boards were compressed to 1.22 or 1.14 g/cm3, respectively. Two different kinds of laminations were made, either single layer of 1.5 mm thickness or two 1.5-mm layers
bonded to unmodified wood. The results show that thicker laminate has a great positive influence on Brinell hardness. This
study suggests that results from the existing method for Brinell hardness are not comparable, and if applied force is chosen
without restraint, the effect on the hardness value is significant for inhomogeneous wood composites. 相似文献
12.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):129-138
Abstract Response surface methodology (RSM) based on a three-level, three-variable central composite rotatable design was applied to evaluate the effects of the parameters such as ratio of rice straw (Oryza sativa)/poplar (Populus deltoids) wood particle bonded with urea-formaldehyde resin in panels, species of wood veneer coating these panels and amount of adhesive in glue line on the modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bonding (IB), and thickness swelling (TS) of panels. Mathematical model equations were derived by computer simulation programming to optimize the properties of the particleboard. These equations that are second-order response functions representing MOR, IB, and TS were expressed as functions of three operating parameters of panel properties. Predicted values were found to be in a good agreement with experimental values (R 2 values of 0.96, 0.98 and 0.98 for MOR, IB, and TS, respectively). This study has shown that the RSM could efficiently be applied for modeling panel properties. It was found that the variables affected the properties of panels. Straw usage up to 30% in the mixture did not cause a significant decrease in MOR, IB, and TS. Using beech veneer and 190 g/m2 glue line had the highest MOR and lowest TS. 相似文献
13.
Degradation of wood surfaces during natural weathering. Effects on lignin and cellulose and on the adhesion of acrylic latex primers 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Summary Radiata pine veneers and blocks were exposed to natural weathering under Australian summer conditions over a period of 30 days. Infrared spectroscopy revealed that there was perceptible surface delignification after 4 hours exposure, substantial surface delignification after 3 days exposure and almost complete surface delignification after 6 days. Rapid lignin degradation was also suggested by measurements of the acid insoluble lignin content of weathered veneers. Viscometry determinations on holocellulose samples from weathered veneers and unweathered controls indicated significant depolymerisation of cellulose after 4 days exposure. A tape test was used to assess the adhesion of acrylic latex primers to weathered blocks. The adhesion of exterior acrylic primers decreased on weathered wood surfaces and was significantly lower on specimens that were weathered for 5 to 10 days. An oil-modified acrylic primer showed greater adhesion to weathered wood surfaces. Primer adhesion was lower on weathered radial surfaces than on similarly exposed tangential surfaces. The practical implications of these findings for the coating of exterior wood with acrylic latex primers are discussed briefly.The authors wish to thank Dr. A. J. Michell for FTIR spectral determinations and the Australian Research Council small grants scheme for financially supporting part of the work 相似文献
14.
Variations in compression strength and surface roughness of heat-treated Turkish river red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) wood 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This article reports the effects of heat treatment on compression strength parallel to the grain, the surface roughness [average roughness (Ra)], and the air-dry den-sity of wood from the river red gum tree (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn.) planted in Turkey. Eucalyptus wood was heat-treated at temperatures varying from 120° to 180°C for durations of 2–10 h. Samples cut from the heat-treated wood were tested for air-dry density, compression strength parallel to grain, and surface roughness properties. Roughness measurements by the stylus method were made in the direction perpendicular to the fiber. Based on the findings in this study, the results showed that density, compression strength, and surface roughness values decreased with increasing treatment temperature and treatment times. Eucalyptus wood could be utilized by using proper heat treatment techniques without any losses in strength values in areas where working, stability, and surface smoothness, such as in window frames, are important factors. 相似文献
15.
Summary Thermodynamic work of adhesion, contact angle, wettability and acid-base contributions of the wetting of four North American wood species were determined using the Wilhelmy technique. The wetting angles with water varied from 60° for Sitka spruce to 74° for Douglas-fir. The wood surfaces had a strong acidic character since the greatest interactions for all the wood species occurred with formamide (basic probe) while lesser interactions were obtained with ethylene glycol (acidic probe). In addition, dispersive and polar surface free energies of wood,
d
s
and
p
s
respectively, were determined using Wu's simultaneous equations. In general, 75 to 80% of the total surface free energy of wood was due to dispersion forces. Specific wettabilities of wood and advancing contact angles in thirty various organic liquids were also evaluated. 相似文献
16.
Wood-to-bark adhesion strengths were tested at 25 to –78°C under moisture contents of 0–200%. The freezing temperature of the cambium appeared to be between –20 and –40°C. The low freezing temperature was assumed to be due to the high pectin and protein contents in the cambium cells. At temperatures above the freezing point of the cambium (–20 to 25°C), the adhesion strength was curvilinearly and negatively related to moisture content. At temperatures below the freezing point of the cambium (–40 to –78°C), adhesion strength was not correlated with moisture content. For practical application, maintaining logs at high moisture content and temperatures above –20°C would assure a good debarking and yield high quality wood chips for pulping, with less wood loss to hog fuel. 相似文献
17.
为提高水性聚丙烯酸酯木器漆的耐磨性和硬度,进行纳米Al2O3浆料的制备及其对水性木器漆改性的研究,探讨分析不同制备方法和Al2O3添加量对漆膜耐磨性和硬度的影响。结果表明:以聚丙烯酰胺为分散剂、聚乙二醇和辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚为润湿剂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为稳定保护胶,在高速搅拌下制成的纳米Al2O3浆料,在透射电镜下观察发现纳米Al2O3颗粒分布均匀,具有良好的分散性;在不影响漆膜透明度的情况下,漆膜耐磨性和硬度随Al2O3添加量增加得到提高,添加量在1.5%时漆膜具有较好的耐磨性和硬度;纳米杂合工艺法的漆膜耐磨性和硬度优于后添加法制备的水性木器漆涂膜。 相似文献
18.
ABSTRACTThe effects of a fire-retardant treatment (FRT) and wood grain on three-dimensional changes of aircraft sandwich panels were evaluated. Unvarnished and varnished panels having the outer decorative layer made with bubinga (Guibourtia spp.) were studied. Half of the samples from each type of panel received an FRT (phosphate-based) on all three layers of the decorative plywood. The other half had the two inner layers treated and the outer layer untreated. Three different figures formed by the rotary cutting and grain orientation were identified and separately studied on veneer surfaces. Samples pre-conditioned to 20°C and 40% relative humidity (RH) underwent an adsorption (25°C, 90% RH) and then a desorption (25°C, 40% RH) treatments. Changes in moisture content (MC), swelling, shrinkage, roughness, and waviness were measured after each moisture exposure condition. The results showed that the FRT increased significantly MC, swelling, and shrinkage of unvarnished and varnished panels. This treatment as well as the type of wood figure affected roughness and waviness variations of unvarnished panels. However, the effects of these two factors were not noticeable once panels were varnished. 相似文献
19.
Some of the properties of particleboard made from paulownia 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The objective of this study was to determine some of the properties of experimental particleboard panels made from low-quality paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa). Chemical properties including holocellulose, cellulose, lignin contents, water solubility, and pH level of the wood were also analyzed. Three-layer experimental panels were manufactured with two density levels using urea–formaldehyde as a binder. Modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), internal bond strength (IB), screw-holding strength, thickness swelling, and surface roughness of the specimens were evaluated. Panels with densities of 0.65 g/cm3 and manufactured using a 7-min press time resulted in higher mechanical properties than those of made with densities of 0.55 g/cm3 and press times of 5 min. Based on the initial findings of this study, it appears that higher values of solubility and lignin content of the raw material contributed to better physical and mechanical properties of the experimental panels. All types of strength characteristics of the samples manufactured from underutilized low-quality paulownia wood met the minimum strength requirements of the European Standards for general uses. 相似文献
20.
In order to improve wood properties of triploid clones of Populus tomentosa, urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin was compounded with nano-SiO2, coupling agents and flame retardants in different ways to prepare five kinds of modifiers. The poplar wood samples were
impregnated with the modifiers and heated to prepare UF-SiO2-wood composites. The antiswelling efficiency, resistance of water absorption, oxygen index and hardness of the composites
were measured. Results show that all of the modifiers reduced water absorption of poplar wood and enhanced flame resistance
and hardness. Nano-SiO2 showed a marked effect in improving the hardness of wood. In addition, all of the modifiers, except UF-C-SiO2-polymer, improved the dimensional stability of poplar wood. The UF resin and nano-SiO2 compound improved general properties of poplar wood.
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Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2006, 28(2): 123–128 [译自: 北京林业大学学报] 相似文献