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1.
白杨派杂种无性系及其亲本光合和生长对盐胁迫的反应 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
以白杨派单交和双交杂种无性系1年生扦插苗为材料,分析不同盐胁迫条件下无性系的生长及光合系统的反应,并对无性系间的差异进行比较.研究表明:盐胁迫对叶片生长、苗高生长及苗木生物量积累均产生不同程度的影响.随着盐浓度升高,各项生长指标迅速下降,但下降的幅度不同,苗木生物量积累受影响最大.茎叶生长对盐胁迫的敏感性大于根系生长,从而导致根/(茎 叶)生物量随盐胁迫的发展而升高.盐胁迫下4个无性系的净光合速率(Pn)日变化基本上都呈单峰曲线,但随胁迫加强,Pn值迅速降低.盐胁迫下,叶位从幼到老,Pn表现为单峰型变化,中部功能叶Pn值最大,嫩叶和老叶较小,盐胁迫对无性系嫩叶Pn几乎无影响,却显著降低中部功能叶和老叶的Pn值,且随着胁迫时间延长,对叶片Pn的影响加强.盐胁迫降低各无性系的叶绿素含量,且使叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线发生明显变化,其参数qN(荧光非光化学猝灭系数)值随盐浓度增加而上升,而qp(荧光光化学猝灭系数)、Fv/Fo(PSⅡ潜在活性)值随盐浓度增加而下降.盐胁迫对双交杂种无性系B430影响最小,单交无性系毛新杨和亲本新疆杨次之,亲本毛白杨对盐胁迫反应最敏感. 相似文献
2.
采用盆栽方法，以3种不同pH值（3．0、4．0、5．0）的模拟酸雨溶液对红檵木、杜鹃、夏鹃幼苗进行浇灌处理，研究不同pH值的酸雨对幼苗叶矿质元素含量的影响．结果表明：模拟酸雨对3种灌木幼苗叶矿质元素含量均有一定影响，3种幼苗叶中的大多数矿质元素含量变化不一致，表明不同植物的不同元素对酸雨的反应不同；各酸雨处理红檵木幼苗叶K、Mg、Mn、Ni、S、Al的含量较对照增加，其中Al、Ni含量是随着酸雨pH值的降低而逐渐增加．Zn含量比对照含量有所减少，N、P、Ca、Fe、Cu、Cd、Pb含量不随酸雨pH值的变化而变化．红檵木幼苗叶Al含量与模拟酸雨的pH值达到显著负相关；3种酸雨处理后的杜鹃幼苗叶P、Cu、Mn、Pb含量均比对照增加．其中P、Cu含量是随酸度的增大而逐渐增加，Ca、Zn含量比对照有所减少，N、K、Mg、S、Al、Fe、Ni、CA含量没有随着酸度变化而随之变化的趋势，P含量与模拟酸雨的pH值达到显著负相关；3种酸雨处理后的夏鹃幼苗叶P、K、Mg、Al、Fe、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb含量比对照增加．其中P、Ni是随酸度增加逐渐增加，Zn含量比对照减少，N、Ca、S、Cd含量则表现为有的酸雨处理增加，有的下降，Ni含量与模拟酸雨的pH值达到显著负相关．该项研究可为南方绿化植物的选择提供理论依据． 相似文献
3.
[目的]证实脯氨酸及游离氨基酸在马尾松苗木抵御干旱胁迫中积累并发挥作用,揭示其在不同胁迫时期含量的变化规律。[方法]选择5个种源马尾松苗木,设计3种水分梯度,开展为期54d干旱胁迫试验,分别于胁迫处理18d、36d和54d后测定苗木针叶内脯氨酸及游离氨基酸含量。[结果](1)脯氨酸及游离氨基酸含量在干旱胁迫18d后均无明显变化规律,但脯氨酸含量在干旱胁迫54d后、游离氨基酸含量在干旱胁迫36d后均呈随胁迫程度加深而上升的变化。(2)随胁迫时间的延长,脯氨酸的平均含量呈先降后升趋势,而游离氨基酸的平均含量呈先升后降趋势。(3)脯氨酸和游离氨基酸含量在不同种源苗木内的分布差异显著。在5个种源中,脯氨酸平均含量以浙江江山和湖南汝城种源排最高和最低,分别为91.33μg/g(DW)和69.16μg/g(DW);游离氨基酸平均含量以广东信宜和湖北大悟种源排最高和最低,分别为1 597.88μg/g(DW)和1 279.04μg/g(DW)。[结论]干旱胁迫下,脯氨酸及游离氨基酸均能在苗木体内合成,使苗木适应干旱环境而继续生长。 相似文献
4.
舟山新木姜子盐胁迫下生长变化及生理反应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对1年生舟山新木姜子苗木进行盐胁迫（NaCl浓度分别为0、3、5、7g/l）下生长量和生理指标的比较研究结果表明,随胁迫浓度的升高,舟山新木姜子苗高长量、叶绿素（Chl）含量分别下降;随着胁迫时间的延长,3g/l处理的丙二醛（MDA）、游离脯氨酸有急速上升趋势,而5、7g/l处理则缓慢下降;所有处理的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）都表现急剧下降趋势。方差分析（p〈0.05）表明,受试苗木在7g/l处理下生长受到抑制,达显著水平。舟山新木姜子能耐5g/l处理,属于中度耐盐植物。 相似文献
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测定了不同种植密度及土壤养分含量下马尾松苗木根系生长的影响,研究结果表明:随着种植密度的增加,马尾松根系呈直线下降趋势,当种植株数达到一定株数(6株)时,根系生长对土壤养分产生竞争;胁迫促使根系增加,而在土壤空间足够的条件下随着土壤养分含量的增加,其根系呈增加趋势。 相似文献
6.
【目的】探究小叶栎Quercus chenii Nakai苗木在NaCl胁迫下生长及生理特性的响应机制,以期为小叶栎苗木在江苏滨海地区推广栽植提供科学理论依据。【方法】选取新沂市马陵山小叶栎种质资源库2年生小叶栎容器苗为供试材料,采用容器浇盐法控制土壤含盐量,设置4个NaCl浓度梯度,分别为土壤干质量的1‰、2‰、3‰、4‰,以去离子水浇灌苗木为对照（CK）,研究不同浓度NaCl胁迫下小叶栎苗木生长及生理指标的变化情况,并通过综合分析法对其胁迫程度进行评价。【结果】小叶栎苗木体内各项生长和生理指标对NaCl胁迫均有不同程度的响应。随着NaCl胁迫浓度的增加,苗木株高增量和地径增量呈不断下降趋势,小叶栎降低苗木生长量以缓解NaCl胁迫的伤害。随着NaCl胁迫时间的延长,小叶栎苗木叶片POD活性呈下降趋势,苗木叶片相对电导率与盐害指数呈上升趋势,苗木叶片SOD活性、MDA、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量呈先上升后下降趋势。小叶栎苗木通过提高体内SOD、POD活性和可溶性渗透调节物质含量以提高苗木对NaCl胁迫的耐受性。【结论】根据耐盐性综合评价得出,小叶栎苗木对NaCl胁迫响应程度大小依... 相似文献
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为了解蚬木（Excentrodendron hsienmu）对镉（Cd）胁迫环境的适应性及施氮（N）对该树种对Cd的解毒机制,为土壤Cd污染的治理提供参考,采用盆栽方法,研究不同Cd、N处理对蚬木干重及N、磷（P）、钾（K）和Cd积累和分配的影响。结果表明,Cd胁迫抑制蚬木根、茎、叶和总干重增加,N、P和K的吸收和积累受到限制。蚬木通过提高N、P和K利用率,增加根冠比,更好地适应Cd胁迫环境。Cd胁迫后,根系中Cd含量和积累量增加,增加程度大于茎和叶。随Cd浓度增加,蚬木Cd转移系数逐渐下降。在30 mg/kg Cd胁迫下,随施N浓度增加,茎、叶和总干重增加,根干重先增后减;低N(0.4 g/kg)提高根干重分配比例与根冠比,高N(0.8 g/kg)提高茎、叶干重分配比例。施N提高根、茎和叶N、K含量和积累量及总积累量;随施N浓度增加,叶和总N/P值均升高,根和茎N/P值及P利用率均先升后降,茎、叶和总P/K值降低,根P/K值先降后升,说明施N促进N和K吸收,限制P吸收;随施N浓度增加,地上部分富集系数逐渐降低,Cd在地上部分的分配比例逐渐降低,地下部分富集系数先降后升,Cd在根的分配... 相似文献
8.
为了考察山白兰(Paramichelia baillonii)苗木的抗旱性,设置不同浓度聚乙二醇(PEG6000)处理,模拟干旱胁迫试验,测定苗木生长及生理生化指标,采用隶属函数值法综合评价山白兰的抗旱性。结果表明:山白兰的生长增量随着PEG6000胁迫浓度的增大而减少,胁迫浓度越大对苗木生长量的抑制作用越大;随着胁迫浓度的增加,山白兰叶片的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性均呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,均高于对照(CK)。在浓度10%处SOD、POD活性达到最大值。山白兰的细胞膜透性均随着PEG6000胁迫浓度的增加而增加,当PEG6000浓度为5%时,与对照差异不显著,当浓度高于5%时,膜透性急剧增加,高浓度胁迫对山白兰膜透性的伤害程度较高;山白兰的丙二醛(MDA)含量变化趋势与细胞膜透性的变化趋势一致,山白兰的MDA含量与PEG6000胁迫浓度呈极显著的负相关;当胁迫浓度低于10%时,脯氨酸含量增幅较小,高于10%时,增幅变大。脯氨酸含量与细胞膜透性、MDA含量呈显著或极显著正相关。通过模糊隶属函数法综合评价,山白兰的隶属综合值为0.472,属于中抗旱型。 相似文献
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《林业科学》2016,(6)
【目的】研究盐碱胁迫下丛枝菌根(AM)真菌对沙枣苗木的生长和生理的影响,以期探索AM真菌提高沙枣苗木耐盐碱机制,为菌根化沙枣苗木在盐碱地推广应用提供理论基础。【方法】采用盆栽法研究了4种不同土壤盐碱度下分别接种根内球囊霉和摩西球囊霉对沙枣苗木的生长影响,并对沙枣苗木的光合特性、Na+和K+含量、丙二醛含量、脯氨酸含量等各项生理指标进行测定。【结果】2种AM真菌均能与沙枣苗木建立共生关系,且GI处理对苗木的侵染率显著高于接种GM处理,但随着土壤中盐浓度增加,沙枣苗木菌根侵染率有所降低。在同一盐碱度下接种AM真菌可显著促进沙枣幼苗的生长,在中度盐碱胁迫下(含盐量1.56%,p H 9.52),接种GI和GM的沙枣苗木株高分别较未接种AM真菌植株增加了20.07%,9.68%,植株干生物量显著增加;AM真菌可显著提高盐碱胁迫下沙枣幼苗叶片叶绿素含量和光合生理特性,其叶片净光合速率Pn、蒸腾速率Tr、气孔导度Gs、胞间二氧化碳浓度Ci均显著高于未接种AM真菌处理的幼苗(P0.05)。接种GI和GM处理植株叶片组织内SOD,CAT和POD酶活性显著高于对照处理,但根系及叶片组织内丙二醛含量显著低于对照处理的植株,而其脯氨酸含量却都表现出显著提高。接种AM真菌沙枣根系和叶片中Na+含量较未接种处理植株显著下降,K+含量和K+/Na+比值显著提高。【结论】接种AM真菌能显著提高沙枣苗木耐盐碱能力。接种根内球囊霉的沙枣苗木的生长及抗盐碱胁迫能力的各项生理指标均显著高于接种摩西球囊霉处理的苗木,表明根内球囊霉在盐碱地改良方面具有很好的推广应用前景。 相似文献
10.
两种润楠属植物耐盐性研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
用0%、0.1%、0.2%、0.3%NaCl溶液共4个水平对浙江润楠（Machilus chekiangensis）和薄叶润楠（M.leptophylla）进行盐处理,研究结果表明：在轻度（0.1%～0.2%）盐分胁迫下,浙江润楠苗木没有表现出明显的受害迹象,而薄叶润楠在0.1%的盐分胁迫下一段时间就表现出较明显的受害迹象。随着盐胁迫浓度的增加和胁迫时间的延长,两种苗木出现胁迫症状的时间缩短,苗高增长和地径增长均呈下降趋势,细胞膜透性、丙二醛含量（MDA）、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量呈上升趋势,Fv/Fm呈下降趋势。试验结果可知,浙江润楠能在盐碱量中等（不大于0.2%）的土地上正常生长,表现出较强的抗盐能力;相对于浙江润楠而言,薄叶润楠的抗盐性则较差。 相似文献
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坝上盐碱地枸杞造林技术研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在河北省坝上盐碱地分别用容器苗、奈乙酸处理过的扦插苗以及分别用25、50 ug·g-1 两种浓度的3 号ABT生根粉处理过的裸根苗进行枸杞造林。结果表明:容器苗造林最好,其次用浓度为30~50 ug·g-1 的3 号ABT生根粉处理过的裸根苗,对枸杞的成活率、及生长、发育有明显效果。 相似文献
13.
应用模拟酸雨溶液喷洒法和石蜡切片技术,研究了深山含笑幼苗在不同pH值(2.0,3.0,4.0,5.6(对照))的酸雨溶液胁迫下的生长情况(叶面积、苗高、根长等)和叶片解剖结构变化。结果表明:pH<3.0的酸雨溶液严重抑制幼苗的生长,植株出现明显的伤害症状,大量的苗木出现死亡;显微结构观察显示,叶表皮及叶肉细胞结构均受损或坏死。与对照相比,pH≥3.0的酸雨溶液处理对苗木的伤害较轻,可见性伤害症状不明显,显微观察结果显示仅表皮细胞受损。从生长指标来看,pH≥3.0的酸雨溶液对苗木生长有促进作用,呈正生物效应。 相似文献
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Effects of phosphorus supply and mycorrhizal status on the response of photosynthetic capacity to elevated CO(2) were investigated in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings. Seedlings were grown in greenhouses maintained at either 35.5 or 71.0 Pa CO(2) in a full factorial experiment with or without mycorrhizal inoculum (Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch) and with an adequate or a limiting supply of phosphorus. Assimilation versus internal CO(2) partial pressure (C(i)) curves were used to estimate maximum Rubisco activity (V(c,max)), electron transport mediated ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate regeneration capacity (J(max)), phosphate regeneration capacity (PiRC) and daytime respiration rates (R(d)). Nonmycorrhizal seedlings grown with limiting phosphorus had significantly reduced V(c,max) and PiRC compared to seedlings in other treatments. Elevated CO(2) increased photosynthetic capacity in nonmycorrhizal seedlings in the low phosphorus treatment by increasing PiRC, whereas it induced phosphorus limitation in mycorrhizal seedlings in the low phosphorus treatment and did not affect the photosynthetic capacity of seedlings in the high phosphorus treatment. Despite the variety of effects on photosynthetic capacity, seedlings in the elevated CO(2) treatments had higher net assimilation rates than seedlings in the ambient CO(2) treatments. We conclude that phosphorus supply affects photosynthetic capacity during long-term exposure to elevated CO(2) through effects on Rubisco activity and ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate regeneration rates. 相似文献
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《林业研究》2018,(6)
Larix olgensis A. Henry(Changbai larch) is a productive commercial species and good candidate for afforestation in northeast China. It is widely planted in lead-stressed soils which can induce oxidative damage in this plant. Increasing tolerance to lead(Pb) stress is therefore of keen interest. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to identify the biomass, physiological responses and Pb accumulation of L. olgensis seedlings to Pb stress under succinic acid(SA) application and to explore the interaction of exogenous SA applications and stress resistance. L. olgensis seedlings were planted in Pb-stressed or unstressed haplic cambisols in pots. In Pb-contaminated soils the seedlings were treated daily with concentrations of SA solutions at a rate approximately equivalent to 0, 0.04,0.2, 1.0, or 2.0 mmol kg~(-1) of soil for 10, 20, and 30 days,respectively. Pb treatment induced damage in the seedlings and led to the inhibition of biomass accumulation in roots,stems and leaves, and a rise in Pb accumulation in fine roots and leaves. Malondialdehyde(MDA) content and electrolyte leakage in leaves significantly increased while peroxidase(POD) activities, soluble protein and photosynthetic pigment contents in leaves were all reduced.Physiological toxicity was promoted with increasing Pb treatment times. When Pb-stressed seedlings were exposed to SA(especially 10.0 mmol L-1 over 20 days), the physiological responses for Pb-only were reversed and the biomass of roots, stems, and leaves dramatically increased.SA facilitated Pb uptake in fine roots and leaves but more Pb accumulated in fine roots. The results demonstrate that exogenous SA alleviates Pb-induced oxidative injuries and improves the tolerance of L. olgensis seedlings to Pb stress. 相似文献
19.
Anticipated effects of climate change involve complex interactions in the field. To assess the effects of springtime warming, ambient ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) and nitrogen fertilization on the foliar chemistry and herbivore activity of native sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) seedlings, we carried out a field experiment for 2 years at two sugar maple forests growing on soils of contrasting acidity. At the Oliver site, soils are derived from a strongly calcareous till, whereas the naturally acidic soils and base-poor soils of the Haliburton site are derived from the largely granitic Precambrian Shield. At both sites, removal of ambient UV-B led to increases in chlorogenic acid and some flavonoids and reduced herbivore activity. At Haliburton, ammonium nitrate fertilization led to further increases in foliar manganese (Mn), whereas at Oliver there were no such changes. Nitrogen additions led to decreases in the concentrations of some flavonoids at both sites, but seedlings at Oliver had significantly higher concentrations of flavonoids and chlorogenic acid than seedlings at Haliburton. We suggest that this could be associated with increased mobilization of Mn due to increased soil acidity, which interferes with the role of calcium (Ca) in the phenolic biosynthetic pathway. It appears that the composition of the forest soil governs the response of seedlings when they are exposed to abiotic stressors. 相似文献
20.
We conducted field and pot experiments to investigate the effects of brassinolide on 1-year-old Robinia pseudoacacia L. seedlings. In the field experiment, seedling roots were soaked in brassinolide solutions containing 0–0.4 mg/l pure brassinolide
before planting. Survival and growth of the seedlings were determined 8 months later. The results showed that soaking roots
in brassinolide prior to planting significantly increased the survival and growth of seedlings. The best results were in the
0.2 mg/l brassinolide treatment. In the pot experiment, roots were soaked in 0–0.4 mg/l brassinolide before planting followed
by a foliar application of brassinolide when the seedlings leafed out. After the seedlings were established, the soil water
content in the pots was regulated to simulate drought conditions and various physiological parameters were measured. The results
showed that treatment with 0.2 mg/l brassinolide decreased the transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and malondialdehyde
(MDA) content of seedlings growing under moderate or severe water stress compared to untreated seedlings. Leaf water content,
predawn water potential, soluble sugar content, free proline content, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and
catalase (CAT) activities were all greater in water-stressed seedlings in the 0.2 mg/l brassinolide treatment compared to
the control. The results indicate that the application of brassinolide can ameliorate the effects of water stress and enhance
drought resistance of Robinia seedlings. Treatment of seedlings with brassinolide may be a useful management tool for afforestation projects in arid and
semiarid areas. 相似文献