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1.
This study examined the analgesic and anti-inflammatory actions of cis-mulberroside A isolated from Ramulus mori in several models of inflammatory pain in mice. Cis-mulberroside A (25 and 50 mg/kg) given by p.o. route 30 min before challenge produced a dose-dependent inhibition of the acetic acid-induced pain and Evans blue leakage in mice. In addition, this compound exhibited significant systemic anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema in a concentration-related manner (33.1–68.5% inhibition), and similar results were achieved in formalin test. Suppressive effects of cis-mulberroside A on the production of NO and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages were also assessed. Collectively, cis-mulberroside A showed high analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The above results will be the supporting evidence for the potential anti-rheumatoid activity of R.mori in Chinese traditional medicine. 相似文献
2.
Afzal M Gupta G Kazmi I Rahman M Afzal O Alam J Hakeem KR Pravez M Gupta R Anwar F 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(5):853-858
A new steroidal derivative, urs Stigmast-4, 20 (21), 23-trien-3-one and other four compounds were isolated from the leaves of Bryophyllum pinnatum. The structure of this new steroid was elucidated and established by standard spectroscopic methods. Carrageenan induced paw edema model was used for anti-inflammatory and acetic acid induced model used for analgesic activity. This new steroidal compound was found to be active in reducing inflammation (% inhibition 87.29 and 84.45 respectively) when compared with diclofenac. Further, it showed 75.72% protection in analgesic activity in acetic acid induced writhing test in mice. In conclusion the % inhibition against carrageenan induced rat paw edema and % protection against acetic acid induced writhings showed by new compound revealed that the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of aqueous extract B. pinnatum are mainly due to the presence of this steroidal compound. 相似文献
3.
Sajeli Begum Bhagawati Saxena Madhur Goyal Rakesh Ranjan Vijaya B. Joshi Ch V. Rao Sairam Krishnamurthy Mahendra Sahai 《Fitoterapia》2010
A chemical and biological validation of the traditional use of Hyoscyamus niger seeds as anti-inflammatory drug has been established. The methanolic extract of seeds of H. niger (MHN) was evaluated for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activities in experimental animal models at different doses. MHN produced significant increase in hot plate reaction time, while decreasing writhing response in a dose-dependent manner indicating its analgesic activity. It was also effective in both acute and chronic inflammation evaluated through carrageenin-induced paw oedema and cotton pellet granuloma methods. In addition to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, it also exhibited antipyretic activity in yeast-induced pyrexia model. Furthermore, the bioactive MHN under chemical investigation showed the presence of coumarinolignans as major chemical constituent and yielded a new coumarinolignan, cleomiscosin A methyl ether (1) along with four known coumarinolignans, cleomiscosin A (2), cleomiscosin B (3), cleomiscosin A-9′-acetate (4) and cleomiscosin B-9′-acetate (5). The structure elucidation of 1 was done by spectroscopic data interpretation and comparative HPLC analysis. Cleomiscosin A, but not its isomer cleomiscosin B, reduced dry and wet weight of cotton pellet granuloma in mice. This suggests that cleomiscosin A is an important constituent of MHN responsible for anti-inflammatory activity. 相似文献
4.
The species of Glaucium have been used in Iranian herbal medicine in the treatment of dermatitis. Due to anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Glaucium grandiflorum methanolic extract in i.p. administration, these effects in topical administration were studied using carrageenan-induced edema and formalin test. Several formulations were prepared and the best cream was chosen as vehicle. Piroxicam gel and methyl salicylate ointment were studied as positive control for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity, respectively. The edema inhibition of preparations containing extract at the doses of 1-5% w/w were significantly different from control group. The anti-inflammatory effect of MS4-5% was similar to the effect of piroxicam gel at 3 h after carrageenan injection. Topical preparation containing G. grandiflorum methanolic extract showed analgesic effect in concentrations more than 4% w/w in early phase in formalin test. This activity was observed in concentrations more than 3% w/w in late phase. The topical analgesic activity of extract was less than the analgesic activity of methyl salicylate ointment. 相似文献
5.
Although various drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have been used in clinics, RA is not completely curable to date. Thus, to seek new drugs for the treatment of RA has been a hotspot. Hydroxynaphthoquinones are the major anti-inflammatory active constituents in Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of a hydroxynaphthoquinone mixture (HM) of A. euchroma (Royle) Johnst, including its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The anti-arthritic efficacy of HM was examined using complete Freund's adjuvant- and bovine type II collagen-induced arthritic models. The paw edema, polyarthritis index and histopathological change were evaluated. The analgesic effect was assessed using the chemical and thermal models of nociception. Results found that HM administered prophylactically and curatively showed marked anti-arthritic activity by suppressing the paw swelling and development of inflammation, lowering the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β and protecting cartilage and bone from damage. The protection of HM was superior to that of reference drugs such as prednisone acetate or etanercept, and showed no direct deleterious effect. Similarly, HM showed significant analgesic effects. In summary, HM possessed potent anti-arthritic activity. It could relieve inflammatory symptoms and protect against joint destruction. These findings indicate that HM would be a potential therapeutic agent for arthritic disease, which provide pharmacological evidence for its clinical application. 相似文献
6.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the activities of anti-inflammatory and analgesic of the total flavonoids extraction from Oxytropis falcate Bunge (FEO) after transdermal administration. The pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of FEO in rat, furthermore, was studied. Firstly, the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the FEO were studied by xylene-induced ear edema, adjuvant-induced joint inflammation law in rats, acetic acid-induced writhing and hot-plate tests in mice. Secondly, we developed a sensitive and specific HPLC method to analyze 2′, 4′-dihydroxychalcone (TFC, the mainly ingredient of FEO) in rat plasma to study the pharmacokinetic of TEC. The results showed FEO has anti-inflammatory and analgesic property in a dose-dependent manner, and that the high dose group (90.6 mg/kg) of FEO appeared more significantly effective than the positive drug. From the pharmacokinetic studies of TFC in rats, we got the main pharmacokinetic parameters of TFC, providing a basis for the future studies in clinic. 相似文献
7.
The antinociceptive properties of the aqueous extract of Eupatorium buniifolium aerial parts were investigated in chemical and thermal models of nociception in mice. Oral doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg produced an inhibition of 42.3% and 73.9%, respectively, of the abdominal writhes induced by acetic acid in mice. This antinociceptive effect was not reversed by pretreatment with naloxone. In the formalin test, the administration of 500 and 1000 mg/kg p.o. had no effects in the first phase (0-5 min) but produced a dose-dependent analgesic effect on the second phase (15-30 min) with inhibitions of the licking time of 38.9% and 57.3%, respectively. In the hot plate test, no effect was seen at the dose of 500 mg/kg p.o. 相似文献
8.
de Vasconcellos Abdon AP Coelho de Souza G Noronha Coelho de Souza L Prado Vasconcelos R Araújo Castro C Moreira Guedes M Pereira Lima RC de Azevedo Moreira R de Oliveira Monteiro-Moreira AC Rolim Campos A 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(3):604-608
The present study was designed to verify whether frutalin (FTL) affords gastroprotection against the ethanol-induced gastric damage and to examine the underlying mechanism(s). Gastric damage was induced by intragastric administration of 0.2 ml of ethanol (96%). Mice in groups were pretreated with FTL (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg; i.p.), cimetidine (100 mg/kg; p.o.), or vehicle (0.9% of NaCl, 10 mL/kg; p.o.), 30 min before ethanol administration. They were sacrificed 30 min later, the stomachs excised, and the mucosal lesion area (mm2) measured by planimetry. Gastroprotection was assessed in relation to inhibition of gastric lesion area. To study the gastroprotective mechanism(s), its relations to capsaicin-sensitive fibers, endogenous prostaglandins, nitric oxide, sulphydryls, ATP-sensitive potassium channels, adrenoceptors, opioid receptors and calcium channels were analyzed. Treatments effects on ethanol-associated oxidative stress markers GSH and MDA were measured in gastric tissue. FTL afforded a dose-unrelated gastroprotection against the ethanol damage. However, it failed to prevent the ethanol-induced changes in the levels of GSH and MDA. It was observed that the gastroprotection by FTL was greatly reduced in animals pretreated with capsazepine, indomethacin, L-NAME or glibenclamide. Considering the results, it is suggested that the FTL could probably be a good therapeutic agent for the development of new medicine for the treatment of gastric ulcer. 相似文献
9.
The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of theacrine (1, 3, 7, 9-tetramethyluric acid), a purine alkaloid which is abundantly present in Camellia kucha, were investigated. Xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeability and λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema were used to investigate anti-inflammatory activity, and acetic acid-induced writhing and hot-plate tests were used to determine analgesic effect. Oral administration of theacrine (8–32 mg/kg) induced dose-related anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. On the other hand, oral caffeine administration (8–32 mg/kg) did not show an inhibitory effect on the inhibition of inflammatory response or cause analgesia. Additionally, the result of the acute toxicity test showed that the LD50 of theacrine was 810.6 mg/kg (769.5–858.0 mg/kg). The data obtained suggest theacrine possessed analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. 相似文献
10.
The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the resin of Canarium schweinfurthii growing in Central African Republic, was analysed by GC and GC/MS and its analgesic and antiinflammatory effects were studied. The major constituents of the essential oil were octylacetate (60%) and nerolidol (14%). At the doses of 1, 2 and 3 ml/kg i.p. essential oil shows a significant analgesic effect using acetic acid-induced writhing and hot plate methods. However, its was unable to reduce inflammatory process in cotton pellet induced granuloma method. 相似文献
11.
The cardiovascular activity of the aqueous fraction of the hydroalcoholic extract of Sida cordifolia leaves (AFSC) was evaluated. In normotensive non-anaesthetized rats was observed that AFSC (5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg/kg, i.v.) induced hypotension (6 +/- 2%; 8 +/- 2%; 11 +/- 2%; 19 +/- 3% and 33 +/- 3%, respectively) and bradycardia (0.3 +/- 3%; 13 +/- 4%; 38 +/- 6%; 64 +/- 7% and 80 +/- 5%, respectively). Hypotensive response was completely abolished after atropine (2 mg/kg; i.v.) but potentialized after hexamethonium (20 mg/kg; i.v.) (12 +/- 2%; 21 +/- 5%; 28 +/- 3%; 32 +/- 2% and 32 +/- 3%, respectively), while bradycardic response was completely abolished after atropine (2 mg/kg; i.v.) and attenuated with hexamethonium (20 mg/kg; i.v.) (1 +/- 0.3%; 5 +/- 1%; 7 +/- 1%; 7 +/- 1% and 10 +/- 1%, respectively). In hexamethonium treated rats, L-NAME significantly attenuated the hypotensive response (9 +/- 2%; 14 +/- 1%; 16 +/- 1%; 16 +/- 2% and 22 +/- 3%, respectively). In normotensive anaesthetized and vagotomized rats, hypotensive and bradycardic responses were significantly attenuated (0.5 +/- 0.2%; 1 +/- 0.4%; 3 +/- 0.6%; 4 +/- 0.8% and 6 +/- 1%, respectively, n = 6, and 7 +/- 2%; 12 +/- 5%; 15 +/- 2%, 17 +/- 2% and 25 +/- 3%, respectively). The anaesthesia with sodium thiopental did not affect the AFSC-induced responses when compared with those induced in non-anaesthetized rats (data not showed). In conclusion, the results obtained so far show that AFSC produce hypotension and bradycardia, mainly due to a direct stimulation of the endothelial vascular muscarinic receptor and indirect cardiac muscarinic activation, respectively. 相似文献
12.
The root barks of Zizyphus lotus were extracted with water, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol to determine their antiinflammatory and analgesic activities. Aqueous extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) given intraperitoneally (i.p.) showed a significant and dose-dependent antiinflammatory and analgesic activity. 相似文献
13.
Fredrik Lagergren Harry Lankreijer Jiří Kučera Emil Cienciala Meelis Mölder Anders Lindroth 《Forest Ecology and Management》2008
This study analyses the effects of thinning on stand transpiration in a typical mixed spruce and pine forest in the southern boreal zone. Studies of transpiration are important for models of water, energy and carbon exchange, and forest management, like thinning, would change those processes. Tree transpiration was measured by the tissue heat-balance sapflow technique, on a reference plot and a thinning plot situated in a 50-year-old stand in central Sweden. Sapflow was measured during one season (1998) on both plots before thinning, to establish reference values. In winter 1998/1999 24% of the basal area was removed from the thinning plot. Thinning was done so as to preserve the initial species composition and the size distribution. The measurements continued after thinning during the growing seasons of 1999 and 2000. The climate showed remarkable differences between the 3 years; 1998 was wet and cool, with frequent rain, and the soil-water content was high throughout the year. In contrast, 1999 was dry and warm, and the soil-water content decreased to very low values, ca. 5–6% by volume. In 2000, the weather was more normal, with variable conditions. Stand transpiration was similar on both plots during the year before thinning; the plot to be thinned transpired 6% more than the reference plot. After thinning, transpiration was initially ca. 40% lower on the thinned plot, but the difference diminished successively. When the following drought was at its worst, the thinned plot transpired up to seven times more than the reference plot. During the second season after thinning, the thinned plot transpired ca. 20% more than the reference plot. The increased transpiration of the thinned plot could not be attributed to environmental variables, but was most probably caused by changes in biological factors, such as a fertilization effect. 相似文献
14.
The essential oil of Lippia multiflora Moldenke (Verbenaceae) produced by conventional hydrodistillation was analyzed and studied for its analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities in rats and mice. At the doses used (2, 4 and 8 ml/kg o.s.) the essential oil of L. multiflora showed significant and dose-dependent analgesic effect on acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. Only the dose of 8 ml/kg of essential oil, antagonized hyperexia induced by brewer's yeast. No effect on granuloma formation was observed. 相似文献
15.
对角倍蚜干母的发生期、数量变化、趋光行为及秋迁蚜生殖能力进行了研究,结果表明:保存于峨眉、昆明实验室和地下室的虫袋,干母发生期分别为4月19-22日、3月31日至4月4日和4月7-10日,与原产地峨眉相比较,保存于昆明实验室和地下室的虫袋,干母发生期分别提前了19、12 d,但发生节律没有明显差异;干母发生期持续4 5 d,发生期中间的1 2 d发生量占总量的70%以上;干母发生时间集中在10:00-16:00,发生量占日发生总量的80%以上;干母对直射自然光或灯光有明显趋性。秋迁蚜密度、单头产若蚜量和怀卵量随着倍子体积的增加而增加,平均体积为(28.2±0.8)cm3的中倍子的秋迁蚜密度、单头产若蚜量和怀卵量分别为(387.7±52.3)头·cm-3、(26.4±3.8)头、(27.6±4.2)头,与体积为(5.4±0.3)cm3的小倍子相比分别增加了46.7%、24.5%和23.8%(p0.05)。在冬寄主藓类存在的条件下,秋迁蚜产若蚜的时间更为集中,持续时间缩短。14:00和18:00迁飞的秋迁蚜,迁飞后即开始产若蚜,并在4 h达到高峰,持续时间分别为30、28 h,而8:00迁飞的秋迁蚜,迁飞2 h后开始产若蚜,16 h后才达到高峰,持续时间为36 h。 相似文献
16.
Stump protection using chemical or biological agents is the main control measure against root and butt rot caused by Heterobasidion annosum s.l. in northern and temperate conifer forests. Long-term effects of urea treatment of stumps are poorly known and here we describe a 15-year study of urea treatment on the rot incidence on Norway spruce (Picea abies). We also tested the effect of urea protection on tree growth and on the resistance of stands against strong winds. Four treatments were made in two replications in two first-rotation P. abies stands in southern Sweden; after first-thinning stumps were (i) treated with urea 35% (w/v), (ii) artificially infected with H. annosum conidia, (iii) half urea treated and half artificially conidia infected, (iv) untreated, therefore naturally infected. After 15 years, the trees were sampled at 20 cm above ground using an increment borer and observed for presence of rot and, following incubation, presence of H. annosum conidia. Tree growth was calculated by measuring the diameter before and after the treatment. Urea treated plots showed the lowest incidence of rot (3%) as well as of H. annosum incidence (0%). Conidia treatment showed the highest incidence of rot (68%), its incidence was higher than that observed in natural infection treatment (43%), but did not differ from that of the 50% conidia treatment (47%). On about 30% of the rotted trees we observed conspicuous H. annosum fruiting. We did not observe growth reduction associated with tree rot. H. annosum was the only fungus observed associated with rotted trees which suggest that it was responsible for most of the rot observed in the investigated plots. Urea treated plots showed the lowest incidence of windthrown trees, and 59% of the windthrown tree incidence among the plots was explained by the incidence of H. annosum. Urea can be regarded as a reliable long-term protection method against root and butt rot of Norway spruce. 相似文献
17.
Aqueous extracts of the leaf, stem bark and root bark from Canna bidentata, Spondias mombin and Commiphora africana were examined for anthelmintic activity against earthworm. All the extracts demonstrated a concentration-dependent activity at tested concentrations of 10-80 mg/ml. Higher activities were observed at the higher concentrations, 40-80 mg/ml for all the plant extracts. C. bidentata with a paralysis time of 3-5 min and death time of 5-18 min at these concentrations for the stem bark, and S. mombin which exhibited comparatively higher efficacy (34-44 min paralysis time and 105 min death time for the leaf) at lower concentrations of 10-20 mg/ml were adjudged the outstanding anthelmintics of plant origin accordingly. 相似文献
18.
Hussain J Ur Rehman N Hussain H Al-Harrasi A Ali L Rizvi TS Ahmad M Mehjabeen 《Fitoterapia》2012,83(3):593-598
Two new pentacyclic triterpenes named kirmanoic acid (1) and kurramanoic acid (2) have been isolated from the chloroform-soluble portion of the whole plant of Nepeta clarkei Hook. The structures of the two new compounds were assigned on the basis of their 1H and 13C NMR spectra including two-dimensional NMR techniques such as COSY, HMQC, and HMBC experiments. Kirmanoic acid (1) was investigated for analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and CNS depressant activities. Interestingly kirmanoic acid (1) showed strong analgesic activity than standard drug in acetic induced writhing and formalin tests. Similarly kirmanoic acid (1) also showed strong anti-inflammatory activity than its standard drug. The gross behavioral study of kirmanoic acid (1) revealed that it exhibited mild CNS stimulant and muscle relaxant in the mice. Compound 1 showed a slight increase in Locomotor activity and possesses the antidepressant effect. 相似文献
19.
[目的]建立16年生卷荚相思优树组培快繁技术体系。[方法]以16年生卷荚相思优树的当年新生枝条带腋芽茎段为材料,对卷荚相思外植体进行消毒、初代培养、增殖培养、生根培养和移植等。[结果]表明:通过对16年生卷荚相思成年优树采条进行扦插,以扦插苗建立采穗圃,选取采穗圃中当年生健康无病虫害枝条的中段为外植体,最佳消毒方式为75%的酒精处理0.5 min和0.1%的升汞处理18 min,其存活率达69.33%,芽诱导率达86.67%;最佳初代培养基为改良MS+蔗糖40 g·L-1,出芽率为91.33%。最佳增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5 mg·L-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L-1+蔗糖30 g·L-1,35 d增殖倍数可达3.50倍;最佳生根培养基为1/2 MS+IBA 0.25 mg·L-1+NAA 0.5 mg·L-1+蔗糖40 g·L-1,15 d生根率为96.11%;将生根苗移植至以沙为基质的营养杯中,存活率为71.11%。[结论]研究解决了16年生卷荚相思成年优树外植体污染率高和芽诱导率低等问题,建立的组培快繁技术体系对今后加快卷荚相思良种选育及优质苗木大量扩繁具有重要作用。 相似文献
20.
R. Picchio 《Forest Ecology and Management》2011,262(2):237-243
Damage to residual stand after partial harvesting or thinning may lead to serious economic losses in terms of both timber quality at the final harvest, and tree growth reduction. Logging damages and their effect on tree growth were studied in a long term experiment on Corsican pine in central Italy. Damage frequency, agent (felling, skidding), position (root damage, stem base, between 0.3 and 1 m a.g.l., >1 m a.g.l.) and severity (light, severe) and tree growth were measured after selective thinning from below and at 10 years after the treatment. In detail, we aimed at: monitoring mechanical damages to trees at the end of thinning and after 10 years; and assessing stand stability, growing stock, ring width and basal area at 10 years after the thinning. The thinning removed about 20% of volume, 38% of trees and 26% of basal area. The basal area decreased from 56 m2 ha−1 to 42 m2 ha−1 but after 10 years it increased again to 56 m2 ha−1. Immediately after thinning, 13.6% of the standing trees was damaged, out of these 36.17% showed severe injuries. Damages to standing trees were mainly due to skidding. Ten years after thinning, the percentage of damaged trees was about 17%, out of which 86.67% showed severe wounds. An increase of damaged trees and of trees with severe wounds was observed suggesting that a deeper knowledge on long-term effect of logging damages is needed. This study did not highlight any effect of logging damage on tree growth. In fact, no difference in ring width was recorded between damaged and undamaged trees. 相似文献