共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 453 毫秒
1.
适当限根能够限制植物生长，改善花芽分化。以常规栽培为对照，设置4个限根处理，限根栽培宽度×深度分别为70cm×60cm(T1)、60cm×50cm(T2)、50cm×40cm(T3)、40cm×30cm(T4)，研究了连翘植株生长、根系形态、干物重和花期的变化特征，结果表明，限根均显著降低了连翘株高、地径、冠幅和地上地下干物重，且随限根体积的减小逐渐下降。限根使连翘花期提前，限根60cm×50cm处理开花最早，花期持续时间最长，因此，适当限根能够控制连翘生长，调控开花，可在园林绿化中进行应用。 相似文献
2.
非耕地日光温室油桃根域限制对冠层特征及果实品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《果树学报》2017,(1)
【目的】探明非耕地日光温室油桃根域限制对冠层特征的影响。【方法】以油桃品种‘中农金辉’为试验材料,在西北地区戈壁非耕地日光温室中测定不同根域限制体积(135 L、225 L、360 L、576 L和对照1 440 L)对油桃树体生长、结果特性的影响,并用CI-110冠层分析仪分析不同处理对冠层特征参数的影响。【结果】L135、L225和L360限根体积处理的树体干径显著低于对照处理(L1440),但仅有135 L处理显著降低了油桃平均单果质量及产量。利用CI-110冠层分析仪分析叶面积指数(LAI)、散射辐射透过系数(TCDP),L135叶面积指数为1.81,显著低于L225(2.02)和L360(2.21)限根处理,L576限根处理的LAI为2.87,与对照处理(L1440)无显著差异。限根栽培限制了树体枝叶生长量,造成L135、L225、L360限根处理的TCDP升高到0.34、0.30和0.25。【结论】L225和L360的限根体积可在适当增大栽培密度的条件下,应用于西北非耕地日光温室桃限根生产栽培。 相似文献
3.
为了探讨施用壳寡糖对马家柚幼苗的作用，以盆栽马家柚为材料，研究了不同乙酰度(10%、50%、90%)壳寡糖(聚合度为2～10)不同浓度(5、20和50 mg/L)叶面喷施对马家柚幼苗光合特性、幼苗根系生长的影响。结果表明，与对照(蒸馏水)相比，3种乙酰度壳寡糖一定浓度处理对马家柚幼苗的叶绿素a和叶面积有显著的促进作用；10%乙酰度壳寡糖20 mg/L处理使马家柚幼苗光合速率和水分利用率分别提高19.73%和68.15%;3种乙酰度壳寡糖多数浓度处理可显著提高马家柚幼苗的表观电子传递效率，而对实际光化学电子产量和光化学淬灭没有显著影响；10%乙酰度壳寡糖50 mg/L处理显著增加了马家柚实生幼苗的根长、根表面积和根干质量，对根系生长具有明显的促进作用。10%乙酰度壳寡糖一定浓度叶面喷施能提高马家柚幼苗的光合速率，促进叶片和根系生长。 相似文献
4.
以“京狐竹叶”空心菜为试材，采用限制容器体积的方法，设置T1 (90 cm3)、T2 (250 cm3)和CK (700 cm3)3个处理，研究了不同体积栽培对空心菜生长、光合特性、基质理化性质和品质的影响，以期为我国高品质设施蔬菜栽培提供参考依据。结果表明：与CK相比，T1和T2的株高、茎粗、叶面积减小；根表面积、体积、根长和根尖数、干物质量相应减少，而单位根域体积内T2根系活力较高，是T1和CK的2.40、1.64倍。与CK相比，限根降低了植物的净光合速率，T1、T2分别降低17.46%和13.65%;对于叶绿素荧光而言，T1、T2处理后Fv/Fm降低至0.78和0.80,NPQ表现为CK>T2>T1。T2限根处理后速效磷、铵态氮和硝态氮含量较CK显著提高了21.27%、32.18%和53.95%。限根后pH增加缓解了基质酸性化问题，EC值增加但也在植物正常生长的范围内。此外，与CK相比，T2限根处理后可溶性糖和维生素C含量分别提高了2.06、1.43倍；可滴定酸含量之间无显著性差异。综合T1和T2处理，... 相似文献
5.
在盆栽条件下,研究了3种AM真菌（ Acaulospora leavis. Glomus mosseas 和Glomus caledonium ）对早钟6号枇杷实生苗根系生长的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,接种处理的侵染率、丛枝率、菌丝长度、孢子密度、总根长和生长点数均显著增加;A．Z显著增加幼苗茎叶及根系干鲜重,Gm显著增加根系干鲜重;3种AM真菌显著促进直径〈0．5mm须根的发生,使须根变得更多更细。A．Z和G．M还显著增加根表面积、根体积和不同直径根的根长,而GC仅显著增加直径〈0．5mm须根的根长。 相似文献
6.
以盆花月季'仙境'为试材,采用根部浇灌方式,设置0(P0)、10 (P10)、20(P20)、30(P30)g·柱-14个磷供应水平,研究了磷水平对盆花月季'仙境'根系生长、不同器官氮磷养分吸收、叶片SPAD值以及开花品质(花朵数量、花径、花朵干质量等)的影响,以期为月季养分管理提供参考依据.结果 表明:磷不同供应水平明显改变了'仙境'的根系形态,P20和P30处理较P0和P10处理,总根长增加了81％～111％,总根表面积扩大了133％～196％,细根总长度增加了95％～119％.植株不同器官(新生叶片、新生枝条和根系)生物量和氮、磷养分积累量表现出与根系生长类似的趋势.与P0和P10处理相比,P20和P30处理单株花朵数量增加128％～206％,叶片SPAD值增加16％～21％.与对照P0相比,P10、P20和P30花径分别增加12％、19％和24％.植株总根长与总氮和总磷吸收量表现出显著的正相关关系.综上所述,盆花月季'仙境'对不同磷供应水平表现出高度的根形态可塑性,适宜的磷供应水平促进根系生长和养分吸收,提高开花数量和品质. 相似文献
7.
以新疆核桃主栽品种"新温185号"为试材,通过设置不同施氮处理,采用根钻取样法和图像扫描分析法,对不同氮素供应水平下核桃细根(直径≤2mm)的空间分布和细根根长比例进行了研究。结果表明:在垂直方向上,细根根长密度随着土层深度的增加呈现出先增大后减小的变化趋势,0～70cm深度土层是"新温185号"核桃细根集中分布区域;在水平方向上,距离树干150cm以内是核桃细根集中分布区域,细根根长密度随着与树干距离的增加而减小;各施氮处理核桃细根根长密度显著高于对照,随着施氮量的增加,核桃细根根长密度和总根长中细根长度比例呈现出先升高后降低的变化趋势,表现为中氮处理(单株施氮量1.2kg)>高氮处理(单株施氮量1.8kg)>低氮处理(单株施氮量0.6kg)>对照(单株施氮量0kg)。"新温185号"核桃的栽培应加强距离树干150cm以内0～70cm深度土层的水肥管理,适量施氮能够促进细根形成,氮素亏缺和过量均不利于细根生长。 相似文献
8.
以黄花补血草为试材,设置0.5、10、15、20、25、30mm 6个灌溉处理,以0mm灌溉处理为对照,研究了不同灌溉量对黄花补血草生物量的影响。结果表明:1)黄花补血草密度随灌溉量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势。2)单株地上部鲜质量在0.5mm灌溉处理下最低,干质量在10mm灌溉处理下最低,二者均在20mm灌溉处理下最高,其含水量整体呈上升的趋势。3)地下部鲜质量在25 mm灌溉处理最大,显著高于对照和其它处理,在15、20、25mm灌溉处理下的干质量显著高于对照与10mm灌溉处理。4)在高灌溉(25mm和30mm)处理下,黄花补血草株高及冠幅均与对照之间存在显著性差异。 相似文献
9.
以瑞粉882为试材，采用限根栽培方式，分别设定0.5、1、4、15 L(CK)4种限根体积处理，研究不同限根处理下根系矿质元素和微生物互作对番茄植株生长和果实品质的影响。结果表明，限根处理均显著降低了番茄植株的株高、叶面积及单果质量；但能不同程度地提高果实品质，其中0.5 L限根体积处理的果实可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、VC含量均显著高于对照，较对照分别提高了35.48%、36.09%、29.69%。根系受限后根系悬浮液EC值增加，p H值降低，根系活力提高，但对全氮、全磷、全钾的吸收比例不同，其中根系中全氮、全钾含量升高，全磷含量降低。根系微生物方面，限根栽培增加了细菌、放线菌数量，但减少了真菌数量。综合分析可知，限根栽培番茄植株的根系受垂直和水平方向的限制，根系微环境含盐量高、养分含量失衡，从而导致植株生长矮小，但0.5 L限根体积可以显著提高果实中可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、VC含量。 相似文献
10.
施CO2时培养基糖浓度对文心兰试管苗生长的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
探讨了培养室内施CO2条件下，培养基中不同蔗糖浓度(30、20、10、5、2．5和0 g·L )对文心兰试管苗生长的影响．结果表明：无糖培养基中的试管苗可以以光合自养的方式正常生长，但生长速度略低；提高培养基糖浓度可以显著促进试管苗的生长，30 g·L (常规培养条件的糖浓度)与20 g·L 处理相比，株高、叶长、叶幅、根数、总鲜样质量和总干样质量等主要生长指标无明显差异，说明文心兰试管苗在施CO2培养时，培养基中的糖仍是必要的，但可以适当减少用量。 相似文献
11.
Commercial greenhouse cut rose plants commonly have shallow root systems, even in well-drained substrates. We studied rose plant responses to a wide range of soil air-filled porosity values to determine tolerance to low soil aeration. ‘Kardinal’ rose plants on ‘Natal Briar’ rootstock were grown for 11 weeks in containers holding 2.5 l of Yolo loam soil. The soil had been treated with a polyacrylamide soil conditioner to stabilize aggregates after they had been separated into three size fractions: coarse (1–2 mm), medium (0.1–1 mm), and fine (<0.1 mm). Plants were irrigated frequently to keep the soil at container capacity. Total new root growth was greatest in the medium and coarse soil fractions, which had average air-filled porosities of 7.6% and 15.9%, respectively. The fine soil fraction, which had an average air-filled porosity of 1.3%, had almost no root growth. In all soil fractions, roots were absent or scarce in regions of soil that were anaerobic or hypoxic. Highest root length densities occurred at air-filled porosity values of 12–17%, and no new roots grew at air-filled porosity values below 3%. Shoot yields were lower for plants in the substrate with low air-filled porosity, and their leaves had lower stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, mid-day water potential, and macronutrient concentrations. Frequent irrigation that precludes aeration of the lower regions of the substrate profile will result in shallow root systems and could lead to decreased yields. 相似文献
12.
Two-year-old ‘Fujiminori’ grapevines (Vitis Venifera × V. Labrasca) planted in plastic pots (10 L) were used to evaluate vine growth and nitrogen metabolism in response to root restriction. Results show that root restriction reduced shoot growth and photosynthetic rate, but promoted root growth in vines. NO3−-N concentration in all plant parts, and total N concentrations in brown roots and new leaves were decreased by root restriction, and chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations in mature leaves were also reduced. Nitrate and nitrite reductase activities in brown roots and mature leaves were significantly reduced in root-restricted vines. The results suggest that the reduction of nitrate and nitrite reductase activities caused the inhibition of nitrogen assimilation, and this might be an important reason for root restriction inhibiting shoot growth. 相似文献
13.
T. Wesley Watson N. David Appel A. Michael Arnold M. Charles Kenerley 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):745-753
SummaryRoot distribution was determined for apple trees [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf. ‘Fuji’/’M.26’ (syn. M. domestica Borkh. non Poir.)] 1, 2 and 3 years after planting in trellised orchards in central Texas. Using a soil-coring method, measurable differences were detected in root-length density (RLD; root length per unit volume of soil) by tree age, soil depth, radial distance from the tree, and spatial bearing within and across rows (P ≤ 0.05). For fine roots (root diameters < 1 mm), mean RLD values were 0.1028, 0.1139 and 0.2911 cm cm–3 for 1, 2 and 3 year-old plantings, respectively. For coarse roots (root diameters 1–5 mm), mean RLD values were 0.0006, 0.0009 and 0.0015 cm cm–3 for 1, 2 and 3 year-old plantings, respectively. Mean RLD values declined for both fine and coarse roots of all ages with increasing soil depth and radial distance from the trunk (P ≤ 0.05). Similar patterns were observed for the number of soil cores containing measurable roots. The percentage of samples with no roots increased with increasing soil depth and distance from the trunk (P ≤ 0.05). When examining fine roots by spatial bearing from the tree, the greatest RLD was found along the drip irrigation lines for the two youngest plantings and along drip irrigation lines and beneath shaded trellises for the oldest planting (P ≤ 0.05). For coarse roots, the greatest RLD was found along the drip irrigation lines for all plantings (P ≤ 0.05). This information is important for predicting the rates and locations of new root growth in orchards after transplanting, so that management techniques (e.g., fertilisation, irrigation, control of soilborne diseases) can be properly targeted and effectively implemented. 相似文献
14.
韭菜组织培养高频植株再生体系的研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
通过对韭菜组织培养过程中激素配比、外植体、基因型、苗龄及生根条件的研究, 建立了一次性诱导成芽的高频植株再生体系。适于愈伤组织和不定芽分化的最佳培养基为MS + NAA 1 mg/ L+ BA mg / L, 在此分化培养基上91-1、91-8、保定红根、寿光马蔺韭和兰州小韭根尖培养的芽分化频率分别为78. 7%、83. 7%、81. 9%、76. 7 %和73. 3 %, 平均出芽数分别为40. 1 、46. 7 、36. 3 、35. 4 和44. 5 个,苗龄为7~ 10 d 的根尖最适于组织培养。随苗龄增加, 芽的分化频率呈下降趋势。无任何激素的MS0 培养基最适于不定芽的生根, 生根率达100%, 平均根数14. 5 条。卡那霉素( Km) 对植株再生有很强的抑制作用, 在Km 为20 mg/ L 时就完全抑制愈伤组织和不定芽的发生; 羧苄青霉素( Carb) 和噻孢霉素( Cef) 也抑制韭菜根尖培养的植株再生, Cef 的抑制作用更加显著, Carb 500 mg/ L 或Cef 300 mg/ L 完全抑制不定芽的再生; Timentin 对愈伤组织和芽的分化影响不大, 抑制性主要表现在出芽数随浓度升高而降低。当Timentin 浓度为500 mg/ L 时, 平均出芽数仍可达到23. 8 个, 为对照的49. 4% 。 相似文献
15.
Tianyi Yang Lina Zhu Shiping Wang Weijun Gu Danfeng Huang Wenping Xu Aili Jiang Shicheng Li 《Scientia Horticulturae》2007
To examine the effect of root restriction on the nitrate uptake and the nitrate transport system activity, 2-year old “Fenghou” grapevines (Vitis Vinifera × V. Labrasca) were planted in pots with volume 2 L and 12 L served as root restriction and the control, respectively. The pots were filled with perlite and watered with rainwater and nutrient solution. Vine growth and kinetics of nitrate uptake in vine roots were evaluated. The results showed that root restriction significantly inhibited the shoots and roots growth, enhanced the nitrate uptake rate, decreased the kinetics parameter Km value and increased Vmax value, that is to say, root restriction depressed the affinity of nitrate high-affinity transport system (HATS) and improved the nitrate uptake rates of both high (HATS) and low-affinity transport system (LATS). However, root restriction significantly decreased the amount of net nitrate uptake, which led to the low nitrate concentration in leaves and roots. 相似文献
16.
Plant root system architecture is essential characteristics in relation to nutrient acquisition by root system from soil volume. Many environmental factors can affect the establishment of root system architecture, e.g. arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. We inoculated the trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.) seedlings with four AM fungal species in rhizoboxes, with non-inoculated seedlings as control. Using the WinRHIZO® image analysis system, the root system architecture of seedlings was characterized. Results indicated that AM colonization did not affect the tap root length, the average root diameter, the basal root growth angle in spite that four AM fungal species exerted differential influence on the plant growth. Contrastingly, AM colonization significantly reduced the total root length, the root volume, the root surface area, but promoted the formation of lateral roots of high order. In addition, AM colonization induced more fine roots and less coarse roots. To our knowledge, it is the first report on the influence of AM fungi on the distribution of root diameter size classes. The mechanisms and implication of AM fungi on root system architecture is discussed. 相似文献
17.
The root extension rate of Betula pendula, transplanted at two phenological stages, was studied in a Nordic climate. Landscape-size trees were transplanted from the field into root-study boxes (rhizotron) in early and late spring of 1999 and 2000. In early spring, 6 trees were transplanted when the leaves had just started to unfold; likewise, in late spring, six trees were transplanted when the leaves were fully unfolded and the shoot extension was in progress. Root growth was recorded during the first post-transplant season and the tree roots were finally excavated. Results indicate that the root extension rate of B. pendula follows seasonal soil temperature. The mean root extension rates at ten days intervals varied from 4 to 11 mm/day with a total average for the growing season of 7 mm/day in 1999 and varied from 4 to 9 mm/day with a total average for the growing season of 4 mm/day for 2000. The average length of new roots was 89 cm and there was no significant difference in length, dry weight or number of new roots between the two transplant times. It appears, therefore, that the phenological stage at transplanting during the period from bud break to fully developed leaves has minor effect on landscape establishment of B. pendula, when an adequate amount of water is provided. 相似文献
18.
We conducted two experiments to evaluate the impact of cultural treatments on growth and establishment of container-grown London planetrees (Platanus × acerifolia’ Bloodgood’). In both experiments, 48 trees grown in 100 l (#25) black plastic containers were assigned at random to one of three root-ball treatments prior to planting; no treatment (Control), outer 3 cm of roots removed around entire root-ball (Shave), or outer circling roots disentangled from the root-ball (Tease). In Experiment 1, half of the trees were fertilized with 400 g of controlled release fertilizer (15-9-12; N-P2O5-K2O) at planting and the remainder of the trees were not fertilized. In Experiment 2, half of the trees were mulched with an 8 cm deep × 2 m diameter ring of coarse ground pine bark at planting and the remainder of the trees were not mulched. In Experiment 1, fertilization at planting increased SPAD chlorophyll content on two of four measurement dates but did not affect cumulative height or caliper growth after two years. After two growing seasons, root-ball treatments (shaving or teasing) increased root growth outside the original root-ball compared to control trees. Both root-ball treatments also reduced circling roots. In Experiment 2, mulching at planting increased soil moisture and cumulative tree height and diameter growth. Shaving increased new root growth and both root-ball treatments improved root architecture and reduced circling roots. Overall, the study demonstrates that root-ball manipulations can stimulate new root growth and reduce circling roots. Mulch is a valuable aid to conserve soil moisture and increase tree growth. Fertilization at planting provided little benefit in this experiment, which may have been related to a high level of soil fertility at the site or nutrient loading of the trees from nursery culture prior to transplanting. 相似文献