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2017年10—11月对上海动物园3只葵花凤头鹦鹉和2只小白凤头鹦鹉进行展区的社群丰容试验,包括环境丰容、认知丰容和食物丰容。通过运用城市固体废弃物制作丰容物品,将城市固体废弃物和动物饲养管理结合在一起,分析城市固体废弃物在凤头鹦鹉丰容中运用的影响和意义。采用瞬时扫描法记录并分析丰容对5只凤头鹦鹉的行为节律和异常行为的变化,结果表明:丰容期间,凤头鹦鹉的休息和异常行为明显减少,与丰容前后存在极显著差异(P0.01),取食和玩耍行为与丰容前后均存在显著差异(P0.05)。表明丰容有利于减少动物的异常行为,增加动物行为多样性,让其表达自然天性,从而提高动物福利。 相似文献
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2007年12月～2008年8月,通过进行笼内环境生态化布置、改变食物投喂方式、投放玩具等方式,对上海动物园葵花凤头鹦鹉实施了丰容试验,并通过对3只葵花凤头鹦鹉的行为观察进行了丰容效果的评价。结果表明：丰容促进了鹦鹉身体各部位协调性;休息行为减少,活动行为增加;异常行为减少;丰容区域利用率大于非丰容区。针对动物园鹦鹉饲养中存在的一些问题,本文提出了几点建议：保证视线无障碍设施的防撞、防逃逸、通风、保洁＇加强饲养员的专业知识培训和责任性教育i针对不同物种采取不同丰容方式并定期维护及更换丰容设施;经常开展国际交流,提升丰容水平等。 相似文献
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通过在美洲豹笼舍中开展食物、感官、环境相结合的丰容方式,对比丰容前后动物行为及游客参观效果、观赏时间的变化.结果 表明:丰容后雄性美洲豹运动行为由丰容前的41％增至57％(P=0.041),雌性美洲豹运动行为由丰容前的37％增至64％(P=0.001),休息行为由丰容前的40％降至19％ (P=0.007).游客观察效果由1.859增至2.680(P=0.001),游客观赏时间由71.88 s增至121.46 s(P=0.01).结果 显示,丰容后美洲豹运动行为显著增加(P＜0.05),游客观赏效果和观赏时间均极显著增加(P≤0.01). 相似文献
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本文记述１例笼养川金丝猴幼仔“粒粒”，从出生至１６９日龄成功地放归笼养群体的全人工哺育技术，同时对幼仔个体行为与母乳哺育幼仔进行了对比观察，结果表明：（１）以优质人工乳哺育金丝猴幼仔，补加适量维生素和活性钙，于１１１日龄添加固体食物以后，随着日龄增长哺乳量递减，固体食物的种类、数量逐渐增加，２０６日龄断奶，幼仔健康成活；（２）主要护理技术为育幼期严格调控育幼箱内温、湿度，适度通风、日照，严格消毒和保育人员的精心爱抚：（３）２０日龄开始社群行为驯化，１４５日龄开始放归训练，并逐渐延长放归时间，１６９日龄顺利放归笼养群体，为其同类所接纳，到１８０日龄摆脱对保育员的依赖，习惯于群体生活；（４）全人工哺育金丝猴幼仔与母乳哺育者相比，个体行为发育２０日龄前差异不显著，２０日龄后全人工哺育幼仔行为发育较迟缓。 相似文献
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野生黑猩猩花费相当多的时间觅食、处理食物,而在笼养条件下,由于有限的空间和程序化的喂食方式,导致黑猩猩缺少对环境的探索和对食物的搜寻处理,往往发生一些行为和生理的变化,其中刻板行为的出现和较高的粪便应激激素,显示出动物处于不理想的福利状况中。为了改善这一情况,我们于2012年5月1日-6月21日对杭州动物园7只黑猩猩进行了食物丰容,并采用了行为和粪便应激激素——皮质醇作为评价丰容效果的两种指标。行为观察采片焦点动物取样法和瞬时扫描法,记录8：30-10：30和14：00-16：0）0的动物行为并统计其行为频率。通过比较丰容前后每种行为的变化发现：在食物丰容后,黑猩猩的不活跃行为和刻板行为显著降低（T=6.156,P=0.001;T=2.613,P=0.04）,表现出更多的攀爬（T=-4.200,P=0.006）和探究行为（T=-4.902,P=0.005）,而大大减少了玩耍行为（T=8.039,P=0.000）。通过对粪便皮质醇激素的酶联免疫测定显示,3只成年个体的粪便样品中的皮质醇含量呈现下降趋势。通过行为和内分泌的检测结果显示黑猩猩的福利状况通过食物丰容得到了一定的改善,这为继续开展黑猩猩的整体丰容计划提供了一定的经验基础。 相似文献
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《贵州畜牧兽医》2021,45(5)
试验以重庆动物园饲养的3只婆罗洲猩猩为研究对象,观察食物丰容对猩猩行为的影响。结果:(1)食物丰容使成年雄性猩猩的休息、玩耍、刻板行为占比分别下降8.34、1.05、5.21个百分点,休息、刻板行为下降幅度分别为30%、23%,玩耍行为变化不大;摄食、运动、探索、好奇行为占比分别上升1.04、8.33、5.21、1.04个百分点,运动行为增加幅度为53%,探索行为由无到有增加到5%,而摄食行为和好奇行为变化不大。(2)雄性亚成年猩猩的休息、运动、好奇、社群、刻板行为占比分别下降3.12、3.13、2.09、5.20、3.12个百分点,刻板行为下降幅度为37%;摄食、玩耍、探索行为占比分别上升2.08、6.25、9.37个百分点,其中探索行为增加幅度达225%。(3)雌性亚成年猩猩的休息、运动、社群、刻板行为占比分别下降2.08、4.16、5.20、3.13个百分点,刻板行为下降幅度为30%;摄食、玩耍、探索、好奇行为占比分别上升4.17、5.21、5.21、1.05个百分点,其中探索行为增加幅度为250%。结论:食物丰容恢复了圈养猩猩的多种野外自然行为,可减少刻板行为的发生,增加摄食、玩耍、探索、好奇行为,有利于圈养猩猩的身心健康。 相似文献
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以广州动物园人工饲养的10只环尾狐猴（雄性5只，雌性5只）为研究对象，根据广州地区多雨潮湿的气候条件，以400m。草地作为饲养场地，配置栖枝、凉亭和恒温保暖箱，采取逐只投喂的办法进行饲养。在广州地区的气候条件下，环尾狐猴2岁即可进行繁殖交配，发情期为8～9月，妊娠期为5个月，育幼主要由母猴来完成，雄猴可参与育幼，母猴有明显的护食行为。当气温低于15℃时，狐猴进入恒温保暖箱活动。在华南地区的气候条件下，环尾狐猴的饲养管理需做好防雨、防晒工作，冬季气温低于15℃时需开启恒温保暖设施。在繁殖育幼期，需添加面包虫等食物，并合理搭配成年雌雄性狐猴比例，防止动物打斗而出现伤亡。本文主要阐述环尾狐猴在广州地区的饲养繁殖、防寒保暖、环境丰容等方面的技术要点，为在华南地区环尾狐猴的保育及进一步研究奠定基础。 相似文献
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《家畜生态学报》2021,42(6)
该试验旨在研究不同生长阶段荷斯坦奶牛群异常行为的发生情况,并分析其发生率以及产生差异的原因,以期为后续减少奶牛异常行为提供新的思路和有效实践。在长江以北地区选择5家不同规模的奶牛场进行实地调研。在每家牛场,分别选出1个断奶犊牛、育成牛、泌乳牛群进行观察,每天定时观测8次,每个牛群每次观测15 min,连续观测3 d,对有异常行为的奶牛进行记录统计。结果表明:异食、过度自我梳理、相互梳理、咳嗽和相互吮吸发生率,断奶犊牛极显著高于育成牛(P0.01),育成牛又极显著高于泌乳牛(P0.01);卷舌和蹭痒发生率断奶犊牛与育成牛差异不显著(P0.05),但极显著高于泌乳牛(P0.01);断奶犊牛、育成牛和泌乳牛之间的晃头及喊叫发生率差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,荷斯坦奶牛部分异常行为发生率由断奶犊牛经育成牛到泌乳牛呈现明显的递减规律。 相似文献
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从2011年12月到2012年4月,应用全事件取样法和目标动物取样法对南昌动物园2只处于育龄期的华南虎进行了丰容前后的行为观察,对丰容前后行为发生的时间分配、行为比例进行了研究比较。结果显示：丰容前主要出现踱步行为（刻板行为）,休息行为和摄食行为（摄食行为的发生受人为控制）等行为,丰容后行为谱明显丰富,行为种类增多,玩耍行为,社会行为占据整个行为谱的时间比重加大,丰容前后行为存在显著的差异。研究结构表明可以通过丰容来改变华南虎的行为节律,从而减少其刻板行为,增加了社会行为,对提高动物繁殖的成功率可能起到一定作用。 相似文献
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Effect of drinker type and sound stimuli on early-weaned pig performance and behavior 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Early-weaned pigs appear to be highly motivated to engage in motor patterns associated with nursing, which is thought to lead to the development of abnormal ingestive behaviors. If performance of these behaviors is related to sucking motivation, then the normal stimuli associated with nursing should stimulate pigs to perform these abnormal behaviors, specifically belly nosing. The goal of this study was to determine whether belly nosing could be affected by sow nursing vocalizations and whether the style of the drinker device influenced early-weaned pig behavior. Over six trials, 352 Yorkshire pigs were weaned at 15 d and assigned to pens (n = 44) of eight pigs based on litter, weight, and sex. Four pens in each of two rooms were outfitted with either a water nipple drinker or a drinker bowl. Rooms either had recorded sow vocalizations broadcast at hourly intervals or no sound (control). Pig behaviors were videotaped in a sample of pens (n = 32) on d 0, 1, 2, 5, 9, 11, 13, 16, and 18 after weaning. On d 0 to 2, pigs were observed continuously for feeding and drinking behaviors. On d 5 to 18, pigs were observed by scan sampling every 5 min for time budgets. Pigs with drinker bowls had higher apparent feed intakes during the first 2 d after weaning (P = 0.024), whereas they spent less time engaged in drinking behavior (P = 0.001). This coincided with an overall lower water use (P = 0.001) than that of pigs with nipple drinkers. Pigs with bowl drinkers also spent less time belly nosing than those with access to a nipple drinker (P = 0.012). Pigs in the sow vocalization treatment tended to have a higher ADG (P = 0.075), whereas they spent less time performing feeding behavior (P = 0.064). However, there was no effect of sow nursing grunts on belly nosing. These results suggest that there is a complex relationship between feeding, drinking and sucking, and belly nosing is not controlled by the same external stimuli as sucking. Because drinker type and the motor patterns that it accommodates affect belly nosing, it may be that the internal stimuli associated with nursing, such as the actual act of sucking, play a large role in the development of abnormal oral-nasal behaviors. 相似文献
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圈养条件下赤斑羚夏季昼间行为时间分配及活动规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2010年6月,在上海动物园繁殖场的赤斑羚饲养区,采用人为观察与摄像监控相结合的方式对10只圈养赤斑羚的行为时间分配和活动规律进行了研究。结果表明,赤斑羚一天的大部分时间用于趴卧（43.11%）和采食（38.21%）,站立行为（12.40%）次之,运动行为（3.53%）和修饰行为（2.45%）较少,其他行为仅占0.31%,所占比例最低。在活动规律上,赤斑羚一般在7：00左右开始活动,一天中趴卧、采食和站立是主要的3种行为。趴卧行为在11：00～11：55和15：00～15：55处形成波峰,在8：00～8：55和14：00～14：55处形成波谷。在9：00～9：55和14：00～14：55是采食高峰,在11：00～11：55是采食低峰。站立行为和运动行为均在8：00～8：55形成波峰。修饰行为和其他行为所占比例较少,在一天中分布的较为均匀。 相似文献
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The incidence of belly nosing-related behaviors was studied in 480 piglets weaned at 14 d and provided with environmental enrichment during preweaning, postweaning, or both. Pen enrichment was achieved by providing a foam rubber mat on the pen wall (nose), rubber nipples (suck), a Bite-Rite Tail Chew (bite), a soil-filled tray (root), or no enrichment (control). Instantaneous scan sampling observations, at 5-min intervals, were conducted for 8 h (i.e., 96 scans/observation day) at 3, 10, 19, 26, and 33 d. Observations during the preweaning phase were made to determine the number of piglets lying, standing, nursing, and interacting with environmental enrichment. During the postweaning phase, observations were made to determine the number of piglets belly nosing, belly sucking, other nosing and sucking (other), biting, eating, drinking, and interacting with enrichment. The time-course for belly nosing was confirmed, with the behavior rising by 19 d, peaking by 26 d, and decreasing by 33 d (P < 0.001). Only nosing enrichment was found to reduce the incidence of belly-nosing behavior (3.8%) compared with controls (6.6%; P < 0.001). Pigs provided root enrichment spent more time manipulating their enrichment devices (30.2%) compared with all other enrichment groups (P < 0.001). Providing enrichment relevant to a particular behavioral vice as it commences, or shortly afterward, may have the greatest effect on reducing the incidence of that vice during the nursery period. 相似文献
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为了解散放情况下盘羊的昼间活动节律、时间分配规律及游人活动的影响,2009年5～6月,在新疆天山野生动物园用直接观察法对909头盘羊的昼间活动节律进行了观察。经过数据统计分析,结果表明：散放情况下盘羊夏季昼间活动规律性较强,从8：00～13：00活动频率较高,之后活动频率逐渐降低,在14：00～15：00降至最低值20%,后逐渐回升,至18：00活动频率达98%。在8：00～10：00和17：00～18：00采食频率较高;11：00～12：00警戒频率较高。昼间各类行为所占的时间比例从大至小为：采食41%,休息27%,移动16%,警戒10%,其他行为6%。 相似文献
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Extant colobines represent a predominantly arboreal primate radiation, but there are outliers such as some species of snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus spp.) that utilize both arboreal and terrestrial substrates. We quantified the degree of terrestriality and the distribution of individuals across canopy levels, the extrinsic and intrinsic determinants and constraints of strata association as well as use of postures in relation to behavior and food sources in a wild population of Yunnan snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) in the Samage Forest, China. The subjects spent 80.5% of the observation time in the trees and 19.5% on the ground. Ground use occurred most frequently in the context of travelling (61%) and less often in the context of feeding and resting (30% combined). Adult males frequented the ground significantly more often than other age‐sex classes. Age‐sex differences were also apparent in substrate preferences, which likely reflect body weight constraints. Adult males were significantly more associated with solid substrates and less with terminal branches than adult females and juveniles. Juveniles were seen more often on unstable ground (i.e. on thin and oblique branches) and in the upper canopy. Substrate use also varied with behavior: feeding was much more common in the upper stratum, outer canopy, on highly inclined and thin branches, as compared to resting. Severe weather also influenced canopy use in that tree crowns were used less often during periods of snowfall. The most frequently exhibited resting and feeding postures was sitting. Standing and suspensory postures were most often used in the context of feeding on lichens. 相似文献
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2006年5月1日～7月18日,对哈尔滨北方森林动物园1对笼养灰鹤繁殖期行为进行观察,研究表明：笼养条件下,灰鹤静立（雄31．08％,雌35．81％）、理羽（雄19．81％,雌12．45％）、采食（雄13．23％,雌15．09％）行为比例较高,而繁殖行为占总行为时间比例雄鹤为2．49％、雌鹤为10．30％。灰鹤各行为日节律不明显;静立、理羽、休息和繁殖行为的发生受天气状况影响显著,尤其是静立和理羽差异极显著。灰鹤雌雄行为差异性在中期较显著,就整个繁殖期看,受天气状况的影响行为差异不显著。 相似文献