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1.
叶片面积影响光合作用效率,是农作物产量的重要构成性状之一。野生黄瓜(Cucumis sativus var.hardwickii)的叶片较小,经过人工驯化后的栽培黄瓜(Cucumis sativus var.sativus)的叶片面积扩大了2~3倍。前人研究已经将控制黄瓜叶面积的主效基因之一ll(little leaf)定位在第6号染色体上。本研究以黄瓜小叶品系XF-24(P1)、大叶品系DF-32(P2)杂交产生的205个单株的F2群体为研究材料,用SAS软件对成熟期调查的各单株相同节位的叶面积进行正态性检验,结果服从正态分布,符合数量性状的遗传特征。为了有效地加快研究进程,在双亲测序情况下,采用插入缺失位点(insertion and deletion,InDel)标记进行基因定位。研究结合双亲全基因组测序数据,生物信息学分析得出双亲序列之间的InDel位点,用Primer Premier 5.0软件在所有染色体上均匀设计88对InDel标记引物,扩增采用分离群体分组混合分析法(bulked segregant analysis,BSA)组建大叶、小叶基因池,池间有多态的引物再进一步扩增F2群体DNA,筛选到7个与黄瓜叶面积基因ll2连锁的分子标记,位于黄瓜第7号染色体上,分别是InDel-1、InDel-2、InDel-3、InDel-4、InDel-5、InDel-6、InDel-7。建立遗传连锁图谱并进行区间作图寻找QTL位点,结果显示,遗传连锁图谱包含以上7个InDel标记,连锁区间为22.1 cM,包括1个控制黄瓜叶片大小的主效QTL位点ll2(little leaf 2),位于标记InDel-2与InDel-4之间,这两个标记之间物理距离为1.24 Mb。与前人的研究结果相比,定位区间更小且是7号染色体上首次发现的黄瓜叶面积QTL位点。截止目前,在黄瓜6号、7号染色体共发现了2个黄瓜叶面积主效QTL位点,分别是ll和ll2,表明黄瓜叶面积遗传机制复杂。叶面积主效QTL ll2的遗传定位,对于控制黄瓜叶片面积的遗传机制和分子机理研究以及分子标记辅助育种具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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为了加速大豆主茎节数候选基因的的克隆和功能验证,并为大豆主茎节数分子标记辅助育种提供分子基础,本研究通过高通量测序检测与大豆主茎节数相关数量性状区间(QTL),结合双亲重测序信息开发QTL区间InDel分子标记,实现了大豆主茎节数相关主效QTL区间的精细定位。本研究以少主茎节数C025材料为母本,多主茎节数中119为父本杂交衍生的重组自交系(RIL)102个株系为试验材料,取自交系中极端少主茎节数30株和极端多主茎节数30株,构建两个极端混池,利用传统分群分析法(BSA)和全基因组特异性位点扩增片段测序手段(SLAF-Seq)相结合的方法在4号染色体检测到与大豆主茎节数相关的5个QTL。为了进一步缩小QTL区间,依据双亲材料的高通量重测序信息,获取QTL区间的插入缺失位点(InDel)信息,并开发InDel标记。首先利用InDel标记在F2群体进行基因型分析,结果主效位点落在第3个QTL区间。其次在主效区间开发8个共显性InDel标记,结合RIL群体全部株系进行表型鉴定,最终获得9个交换单株,将主效区间分为6种交换类型,结合表型分析最终将大豆主茎节数位点精细定位到InDel标记Chr04-38和Chr04-46之间,其区间只有171.9 kb,包含候选基因6个,实现了大豆主茎节数的精细定位。本研究通过高通量测序与极端混池相结合的方法可以高效快速地检测与大豆主茎节数相关区间,并结合双亲重测序信息开发关联区间InDel分子标记,精细定位大豆主茎节数。本研究开发的Indel标记Chr04-38和Chr04-46与大豆主茎节数紧密连锁,有利于后期大豆主茎节数分子标记辅助育种。 相似文献
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与黄瓜感花叶病毒病基因连锁的分子标记 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究以黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)高感黄瓜花叶病毒(CMV)和高抗CMV亲本组合(HZL04-1×F-3)的F2分离群体为试材,采用极端个体分组法和AFLP技术筛选与黄瓜抗CMV基因连锁的分子标记.AFLP引物组合E22M88在抗病组和感病组间约200 bp处表现多态性.经F2单株分析,在感病亲本和感病单株中扩增出了约为200 bp的特异片段,而抗病亲本和抗病个体无此条带.该特异标记与CMV抗性基因相连锁,遗传距离为9.74 cM.测序结果显示,目标片段的大小为202 bp,并将该标记转换为了序列特征化扩增区域(SCAR)标记.提供了黄瓜材料CMV抗性鉴定的分子方法和手段,可用于分子标记辅助育种. 相似文献
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为探索南瓜果实含糖量相关性状的遗传规律,本试验以糖组分和含量差异显著的广东本地高代自交系品种(CMO-97)和泰国引进的高代自交系品种(CMO-E)为亲本,构建F2分离群体,并基于高通量测序和亲本基因组重测序结果,开发与南瓜含糖量相关性状连锁的分子标记,对蔗糖葡萄糖比值性状所在的原始定位区间(qs/g19-a)进行遗传图谱加密,预测控制南瓜果实甜度的关键基因,筛选与果实糖含量性状紧密连锁的分子标记。结果表明,经筛选,在开发的50对InDel标记和12对KASP标记中共有9对InDel标记和6对KASP标记具有显著的多态性。加密后的19号连锁群包含 6 个KASP 标记、9 个InDel标记和 112 个SNP 标记,qs/g19-a 的定位区间由968.7 kb缩小至356.3 kb,对比参考基因组信息发现在缩小后的定位区间内共有56个基因,其中与糖含量相关的候选基因有4个。本研究结果为南瓜含糖量相关育种研究提供了参考和分子标记资源。 相似文献
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黄瓜嫩果果皮颜色的遗传研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
黄瓜嫩果果皮颜色是最重要的商品性状之一,在当前育种目标转向多样化和专用化的过程中引起了人们越来越多的关注。本研究以嫩果果皮颜色不同的3份黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)品系为亲本,分别配制2个杂交组合Q16(深绿色)×Q8(黄白色)及Q16×Q24(黄白色),构建6个世代遗传群体,通过目测与色差仪相结合的方法对6个世代各单株的黄瓜嫩果果皮颜色性状进行观察和分级处理,并应用植物数量性状主基因+多基因模型进行世代联合分析,研究了黄瓜嫩果果皮颜色的遗传规律。结果表明,Q16×Q8和Q16×Q24两个杂交组合中,嫩果果皮颜色性状的分离群体世代呈现单峰或双峰偏态分布,这表明该性状为数量性状且有主基因控制。遗传分析表明,两杂交组合中黄瓜嫩果果色遗传都符合2对主基因的加性-显性-上位性遗传模型(B-1模型);说明黄瓜嫩果果皮颜色性状由2对主基因控制,在两组合中,其主基因遗传力在F2群体中最高,分别为87.4%和93.1%,另外,两对主基因在两个组合中的加性效应近似相等,分别为1.368、-0.132和1.451、-0.049,两组合中两对主基因的显性效应分别为0.625、1.625和0.529、1.530,两对主基因中第一对主基因加性效应明显,而第二对主基因显性效应明显。两个组合主效基因表现的遗传力较高,表明在杂交育种中对黄瓜嫩果皮色可以进行早代选择。本研究结果为黄瓜嫩果果皮颜色性状的基因定位和新种质创制提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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一个水稻金黄色颖壳与节间基因的定位 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在粳稻品种浙粳88种子经60Co γ射线辐照的后代中,筛选得到1个金黄色颖壳与节间基因突变体,将该突变体命名为浙粳88GH,该突变体的颖壳和茎间与野生型浙粳88相比具较明显的金黄色。遗传分析表明,该突变体性状受1对隐性核基因控制,暂将该突变基因命名为gold hull 6(gh6)。以该突变体与籼稻珍汕97B杂交的F2作为定位群体,采用SSR分子标记和隐性群体分析法,将gh6基因初步定位在第2号染色体短臂端的分子标记RM3732和RM6378之间,遗传距离分别为21.2cM和28cM。然后,进一步扩大F2群体将gh6基因定位在分子标记Indel3和Indel4之间约90kb内。 相似文献
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黄瓜抗西瓜花叶病毒性状的序列特征性扩增区域(SCAR)标记 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
以抗西瓜花叶病毒 (Watermelon mosaic virus, WMV)的黄瓜（Cucumis sativus）品种秋棚和感该病毒的欧洲八号为亲本,构建了120个F6重组自交系群体。根据苗期抗病接种鉴定结果进行遗传分析,发现黄瓜抗WMV的基因是由隐性单基因控制。利用集团分离分析法和相关分子标记技术,获得的特异片段E-ACT/M-CTT-427与WMV的抗性基因连锁,连锁距离为8 cM。双亲差异片段测序结果显示感病亲本目标片段存在6个T碱基的缺失。根据测序结果设计了1对与目的基因遗传距离为8 cM的序列特征性扩增区域(SCAR)引物,该引物可用于黄瓜抗WMV病毒的分子标记辅助育种。 相似文献
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我国“应县小黑豆”对SCN4号生理小种抗性的SSR及ISSR分子标记研究 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
本研究以"应县小黑豆"×"晋豆23"杂交组合F2群体为材料,用塑膜钵柱法进行抗性鉴定,利用分离体分组分析法(BSA)结合SSR和ISSR标记技术对抗性基因进行分子标记筛选和定位,旨在实现大豆孢囊线虫抗性育种中亲本和杂交后代的分子标记辅助选择.筛选到2个与抗SCN基因座位连锁的分子标记Satt038和ISSR811.Satt038片段含180bp和185 bp,为共显性标记,在F2群体中的分离比为121;ISSR标记ISSR811为显性标记,片段长350bp,F2群体分离比为13.2个标记在F2群体中呈孟德尔式遗传.通过JOINMAP分析,微卫星标记Satt038、ISSR标记ISSR811与抗SCN基因座位的遗传距离分别为26.9cM和10.2 cM.还探讨了分子标记Satt038和ISSR811用于大豆抗SCN育种进行分子标记辅助选择的可能性. 相似文献
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为研究水稻种胚脂肪氧化酶Lox1的遗传规律及分子机制,以Lox1缺失突变体1297分别与Lox1活性正常的9311、日本晴杂交,构建2个F2群体,对2个F2群体种子的种胚Lox1进行定量测定和遗传学分析,结果表明低Lox1是受1对单基因控制的隐性性状。以1297与日本晴组配的F2分离群体300个单株为定位群体,将水稻种胚低Lox1基因定位于水稻第3染色体的RM4512和RM282之间,距两侧标记的遗传距离分别为13.0cM和9.1cM,为进一步的分子标记辅助育种和图位克隆打下了基础。通过人工加速老化对种子进行了耐储性评价,表明水稻种胚Lox1与种子储藏特性关系密切。 相似文献
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Identification of oxidation products of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin with H(2)O(2) 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Zhu N Huang TC Yu Y LaVoie EJ Yang CS Ho CT 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(4):979-981
(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) are two important antioxidants in tea. They also display some antitumor activities, and these activities are believed to be mainly due to their antioxidative effects. However, the specific mechanisms of antioxidant action of tea catechins remain unclear. In this study are isolated and identified two novel reaction products of EGCG and one product of EGC when they were reacted separately with H(2)O(2). These products are formed by the oxidation and decarboxylation of the A ring in the catechin molecule. This study provides unequivocal proof that the A ring of EGCG and EGC may also be an antioxidant site. This study also indicates an additional reaction pathway for the oxidation chemistry of tea catechins. 相似文献
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W R Dantzer J Hopper K Mullin S Hendrich P A Murphy 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(10):4291-4296
14C-Fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)) was produced by Fusarium proliferatum M-5991 in modified Myro liquid medium and purified to >95% purity with a specific activity of 1.7 mCi/mmol. Nine male and nine female F344/N rats were each dosed by gavage with 0.69 micromol of (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), or (14)C-FB(1)-fructose/kg body weight. Urinary excretion of (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was 0.5% and 4.4% of the total dose, respectively, and was similar between male and female rats. Urinary excretion of (14)C-hydrolyzed HFB(1) was significantly greater (P > 0.05) in female rats as compared with male rats (17.3% vs 12.8% of the total dose, respectively). There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in biliary excretion of the three fumonisin compounds with a mean of 1. 4% of the dose excreted at 4 h after dosing. Lesser amounts continued to be excreted up to 9.25 h after dosing. Although biliary excretion of the (14)C-FB(1), (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1), and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose was similar, increased urinary excretion of the (14)C-hydrolyzed FB(1) as compared to (14)C-FB(1) and (14)C-FB(1)-fructose indicated a greater absorption of the hydrolyzed form. 相似文献
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Roy A 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(12):5209-5210
Terpinolene oxide, a monoterpene belonging to the p-menthane group, is easily derived from naturally abundant (R)-limonene. It was isomerized with montmorillonite clay catalyst to karahanaenone (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1-one) by ring enlargement. The enantiomers of the corresponding alcohol, karahanaenol (2,2, 5-trimethylcyclohept-4-en-1- ol), known for their individual organoleptic properties, were resolved through Pseudomonas cepacia lipase mediated enantiospecific alcoholysis of its acetate derivative. 相似文献
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The presence of ethylenediamine-N-(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N'-(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o,p-EDDHA) as the second largest component in commercial EDDHA iron chelates has recently been demonstrated. Here is reported the speciation of o,p-EDDHA by the application of a novel methodology through the determination of the complexing capacity, protonation, and Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Cu(2+), and Fe(3+) stability constants. The pM values and species distribution in solution, hydroponic, and soil conditions were obtained. Due to the para position of one phenol group in o,p-EDDHA, the protonation constants and Ca and Mg stability constants have different values from those of o,o-EDDHA and p,p-EDDHA regioisomers. o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) stability constants are higher than those of EDTA/Fe(3+) but lower than those of o,o-EDDHA/Fe(3+). The sequence obtained for pFe is o,o-EDDHA/Fe(3+) >/= o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) > EDTA/Fe(3+). o,p-EDDHA/Fe(3+) can be used as an iron chelate in hydroponic conditions. Also, it can be used in soils with limited Cu availability. 相似文献
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S. R. Verma J. P. S. Arora J. S. Shankar R. Chand 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1987,36(3-4):247-257
The effect of protein oxovanadium(V) ion concentration and pH on the ratio of diffusion current (id/id0) was studied in vanadium(V) ovalbumin-S and denatured ovalbumin systems. In both the cases marked decrease in diffusion current was observed at the respective pH values, indicating that binding takes place with cationic groups of the proteins. The binding sites (n) were found to be pH dependent. The uniformity of logK and ΔG 0 value at all pH values indicated the involvement of same sites in interaction. Furthermore, the linear scatchard plots in both the systems supported the involvement of single class of independent sites in oxovanadium(V) anion interaction. The difference in binding sites (n) has been attributed to the folded structure of ovalbumin-S while unfolded one of denatured ovalbumin. 相似文献
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The efficiency of As(III) oxidation by MnO2, and retention of oxidation products varies with system pH. Maximum retention by hydrous Mn(IV) oxide occurs at pH < 5, declining at higher pH to about half total As at pH 10. The adsorption capacities of pyrolusite and cryptomelane at pH ～6.5 for As(V) species were 10 and 25 mmol kg?1, respectively. HMO surface saturation (～10 mmol kg?1) was reached with equilibrium As(V) levels of 5 to 8 × 10?6 M but this was supplemented at higher levels by an absorption process where uptake increased linearly with concentration (e.g., 68 mmol kg?1 with 2 × 10?5 M As(V)). Added As(III) was avidly oxidized and most product retained at pH 3. At higher pH increasing amounts of As(III) remained unoxidized due to initial reactions apparently blocking access to internal pores. Added Na+ reduced the amount of As retained by the HMO, with the phosphate salt having a significant effect. Extraction studies confirmed that most As could be released by exposure to reducing agents or chelating agents (EDTA). The environmental significance of the results has been considered. 相似文献