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Preetinder S.SARAO Gurpreet K.SAHI Kumari NEELAM Gurjit S.MANGAT Bhaskar C.PATRA Kuldeep SINGH 《水稻科学》2016,(4):219-224
Out of 1 989 wild accessions sown in seed boxes for screening, only 1 003 wild accessions with good germination were screened against brown planthopper(BPH), Nilaparvata lugens(St?l) under greenhouse conditions. The collection comprised of accessions from 11 wild species and African cultivated rice. The germplasm was screened for BPH following standard seed box screening technique in the greenhouse. As many as 159 accessions were identified as resistant during the year 2012 based on one year screening. A selected set of BPH resistant accessions were screened again during 2013. Based on the two years screening, seven accessions of O. nivara(AA), one accession of O. officinalis(CC), seven accessions of O. australiensis(EE), five accessions of O. punctata(BB and BBCC) and nine accessions of O. latifolia(CCDD) were confirmed to be resistant to BPH. So far no BPH resistance genes have been identified and designated from O. nivara and O. punctata, hence these may act as new sources of resistance. 相似文献
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R. Velusamy 《Crop Protection》1988,7(6):403-408
Of the 128 wild rices screened, 83 accessions were resistant to the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Resistant accessions were non-preferred and significantly more individuals settled on susceptible TN1 plants than on resistant ones. The quantity of food ingested and assimilated by N. lugens on resistant accessions was less than on susceptible TN1. N. lugens caged on resistant accessions had slow nymphal development, reduced longevity and low fecundity. Two wild rice species, Oryza officinalis and O. punctata, reduced the percentage hatchability of N. lugens eggs. A significant reduction in population growth was observed on resistant accessions compared with susceptible TN1. 相似文献
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Inter simple sequence repeat(ISSR) polymorphism was used to determine genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in 90 genotypes of wild and cultivated species of Oryza from different geographical regions of the world. In all the 17 primers used in ISSR-PCR, a total of 11 464 bands were amplified at 253 band positions/loci. The primer UBC-809 amplified the maximum bands(1 059) at 21 band positions. UBC-810 and UBC-835 amplified the minimum of 391 bands each at 7 and 14 band positions, respectively. The mean polymorphism information content ranged from 0.44 to 0.84 and resolving power ranged from 8.69 to 23.53. Un-weighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram and population structure based on the 17 primers separated all genotypes into 4 major clusters with a genetic similarity of 53%–100%. The first two clusters consisted of 30 O. rufipogon accessions each. In the third cluster, O. nivara and O. longistaminata grouped as one sub-cluster and all other O. nivara accessions and cultivars grouped as another sub-cluster. The fourth cluster had only five O. rufipogon accessions which can be a source of new genes. Four sub-populations were identified within O. rufipogon and two sub-populations within O. nivara at K = 7. A subset of six primers with high resolving power values were the most informative and grouped all genotypes almost similarly as the 17 primers did. Use of these six highly informative primers in ISSR-PCR is a cost effective and robust method for assessing genetic diversity in large germplasm collections of wild rice species. 相似文献
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Introgression lines (ILs) derived from interspecific crosses are a source of new genetic variability. A total of 55 ILs derived from two crosses Swarna × O. nivara IRGC81848 (population A) and Swarna × O. nivara IRGC81832 (population B) were characterized for yield and yield-related traits/QTLs. Segregation of 103 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers associated with yield-related QTLs was studied. Population A showed an average of 12.6% homozygous O. nivara alleles and population B showed 10.6%. Interestingly, three SSR markers, RM223, RM128 and RM517, showed conspicuous pattern of segregation. The distribution of parental alleles at three loci RM223, RM128 and RM517 linked to yield-related traits was unique. These markers flanked to several yield-related QTLs. RM223, flanking to qyld8.3, was heterozygous in almost all the 55 ILs except in IL10-3S and IL131S. RM128 on chromosome 1 and RM517 on chromosome 3 were mutually exclusive in 46 out of 55 ILs. These 46 ILs showed either of the marker allele RM128 or RM517 from O. nivara but not both. IL166S had both RM128 and RM517 from O. nivara and the other ILs showed homozygous Swarna allele at RM517 except IL65S. Population structure assigned the 55 ILs to three sub-populations based on their genomic diversity. IL65S, IL166S, IL248S, IL7K and IL250K showed high yields in multi-location trials, and IL248S was released for cultivation as DRRDhan 40. 相似文献
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A large number of accessions belonging to selected wild Vigna species namely V. unguiculata subspecies dekindtiana, V. oblongifolia, and V. vexillata were evaluated using choice (DCAT) and no-choice (NCFT) laboratory feeding bioassays to determine their resistance to the pod borer, Maruca vitrata Fabricius. The most resistant accessions belonged to V. vexillata, followed by those from V. oblongifolia, with a few outstanding exceptions from V. unguiculata. Even though the latter were the least resistant, they provided the greatest variability among the tested accessions. In the DCAT, the cultivated cowpea line, IT84S-2246, which was used as the susceptible control was always preferred for feeding by the larvae (feeding index [FI] of 1.10–2.60) than the V. unguiculata accessions (FI ranged from 0–0.52). Against the resistant control (itself belonging to V. vexillata), only a few accessions were less preferred, most of these being either V. vexillata or V. oblongifolia. Larvae lost weight on the most resistant from all three species, because they either did not feed, or fed very little. Weight gain was positively correlated with seed damage (r = 0.82, P < 0.01) and the amount of frass produced (r = 0.91, P < 0.01). Seed damage was also positively correlated with the amount of frass produced (r = 0.64, P < 0.05). On the basis of these results, we believe that both antibiosis (post-ingestive effects) and antixenosis (deterrence to boring into the pods to feed) modalities of resistance are involved. The results are discussed further in relation to the origin, domestication and use of these accessions in cowpea improvement. 相似文献
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In Southeast Asia, upland rice (Oryza sativa) is an annual crop typically grown for subsistence on hilly lands that are at risk for soil erosion. If perennial cultivars of upland rice were developed, they would provide farmers with an inexpensive tool to produce a preferred food while conserving soil. O. rufipogon, the undomesticated progenitor of O. sativa, includes perennial and stoloniferous forms. To evaluate the feasibility of developing perennial cultivars by combining genes of O. sativa and O. rufipogon, four trials were conducted in an upland field at IRRI: O. sativa/O. rufipogon F1 clone and cutting height trial, F2 family trial, and two O. sativa/stoloniferous-selection factorial mating design trials. Plants were established at the beginning of the rainy season, then subjected to a 6-month dry season and evaluated for survival after 1 year. Of the 2101 cultivar control plants, only three IR47686-1-4-B individuals survived and none produced stolons. The 18 F1 clones, which were selected from previous trials with less drought stress, ranged in survival from 4.4 to 91.4%. Cutting height at harvest did not affect survival. Survival among the F2 families ranged from 9.4 to 31.9%. Segregation for stolon presence did not differ from a 3:1 ratio for five of the six F2 families, suggesting the effect of a single dominant gene. Average yields per plant for the F2 families were 1/3 to 1/9 of yields for the cultivars. However, by crossing the F1s to cultivars, yield potential was almost fully recovered. For the full-sib families of the factorial trials, survival ranged from 0.0 to 48.6%. Azucena and IR47686-1-4-B, both japonica cultivars, exhibited greater general combining ability for survival relative to the six other cultivar parents. Thus, the process of developing perennial cultivars of rice should include screening annual cultivars to identify those with the best combining ability for survival. To develop cultivars of perennial upland rice, drought avoidance and/or tolerance from annual upland cultivars must be combined with the capacity for perennial growth from wild perennial species. The frequency of stolonifereous testcross progeny was lower than expected and was affected by the O. sativa parent. Thus, additional genes likely affected stolon penetrance and expression. Analyses of covariance indicated that stolons improved the likelihood of survival for progenies of the factorial trials but the effect was small (b < 0.1), and that yield (g/plant) had a small negative effect on percent survival (b = −0.13 to −0.32). This study demonstrated that it was possible to introgress genes for perennial growth from wild O. rufipogon accessions into domesticated O. sativa. Additionally, strategies for developing perennial cultivars of upland rice were improved. 相似文献
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中国大豆种质资源对大豆孢囊线虫3号生理小种抗性鉴定研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
１９９１－１９９５年，应用田间自然病圆和病土盆栽鉴定方法，对安徽、河北、福建、山东等２４个省市保存的３３５５份栽培大豆种质资源和１８６份野生大豆种质资源分别进行大豆孢囊线虫３号生理小种的抗性鉴定。 相似文献
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In 2009, a survey was conducted of cereal fields in five prefectures of Greece to establish the frequency and distribution of herbicide-resistant sterile wild oat (Avena sterilis L.). In total, 104 sterile wild oat accessions were collected and screened in a field experiment (conducted in 2009 and repeated in 2010) with several herbicides commonly used to control this weed. Most of the sterile wild oat accessions (89%) were classed as resistant (or developing resistant) to the ACCase-inhibiting herbicide diclofop, while resistance to other ACCase-inhibiting herbicides was markedly lower. The results of the pot experiments showed that some of the sterile wild oat accessions were found to have a very high level of diclofop resistance (resistance index up to 28.6), while cross-resistance with other herbicides was common. The levels of resistance and cross-resistance patterns varied among biotypes with different amount and time of selection pressure, indicating either more than one mechanism of resistance or different resistance mutations in these sterile wild oat biotypes. LA14, which had the highest diclofop resistance level (28.6 resistance index), showed resistance to all APP herbicides applied and non-ACCase inhibitors. Alternative ACCase-inhibiting herbicides, namely tralkoxydim and pinoxaden remain effective on 86 and 92% of the tested sterile wild oat populations, respectively. For the ALS-inhibiting herbicide mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron, nearly all the sterile wild oat accessions were susceptible (97%), with only 3 of them classed as developing resistance. Therefore, there is an opportunity to effectively control sterile wild oat by selecting from a wide range of herbicides and other cultural practices. Early post-emergence herbicide application is strongly suggested, since it could decrease the number of resistant seeds in the field and slow down the dispersal of this major problem. 相似文献
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褐飞虱（Nilaparvata lugens Stål., BPH）是水稻最主要的害虫之一,给水稻生产造成严重的危害。携带不同抗性基因的抗褐飞虱水稻材料抗性机制不同,挖掘普通野生稻抗褐飞虱基因并研究其介导的抗性机制及相关信号通路对水稻育种具有重要的意义。本研究基于课题组前期从广西普通野生稻‘W2183'挖掘出的位于4号染色体InDel标记S13和X48之间38 kb处新基因Bph36,以‘9311'和‘抗蚊青占'为感性对照,05RBPH16和NIL-Bph36为抗性对照,通过褐飞虱宿主选择性、蜜露量测定、褐飞虱存活率及褐飞虱生长速率等方法分析Bph36介导的抗褐飞虱机制;同时,以‘抗蚊青占'为感性对照,NIL-Bph36为抗性对照,通过qRT-PCR分析植物防御昆虫侵害的三大信号途径：水杨酸、茉莉酸和乙烯相关基因表达量的差异。抗性机制研究结果表明：褐飞虱在抗性材料植株上的虫口密度显著低于感性材料植株,抗性材料上的褐飞虱存活率、群体生长率及取食后排泄的蜜露量均比感性对照显著降低。Bph36介导的抗性机制是寄主抗生性和害虫趋避性相互作用的结果。qRT-PCR结果表明：褐飞虱取食后,各个时间段抗性材料NIL-Bph36植株中水杨酸合成相关基因EDS1、PAD4、PAL和水杨酸途径病程相关蛋白基因PR10的表达量显著高于感性材料‘抗蚊青占'植株中的表达量;抗性材料NIL-Bph36植株中,茉莉酸合成基因LOX2和茉莉酸积累基因AOS2的表达量比褐飞虱取食前显著提升,但是比同时段感性材料植株中表达量显著降低;褐飞虱取食后,抗、感性材料植株中乙烯信号途径基因EIN2的表达量都受到抑制,基因ACO3表达量都提高,但2种材料间的差异不显著。茉莉酸途径和乙烯途径参与了NIL-Bph36植株抗褐飞虱的基础防御反应,但Bph36激活的抗性不是茉莉酸和乙烯依赖的信号防御途径而是激活水杨酸依赖的系统获得性抗性。研究结果为进一步研究Bph36与其他抗性基因聚合,培育兼有多种抗性机制和防御信号途径的优良品种奠定基础。 相似文献
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中国大豆种质资源抗大豆孢囊线虫5号生理小种鉴定研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
１９９２－１９９５年,应用田间自然病圃和病土盆栽鉴定方法,对黑龙江,河北,山东,安徽,福建和广东等２１个省市保存的３３９１份栽培大豆和１６９份野生大豆种质资源进行了抗大豆孢囊线虫５号生理小种的抗性鉴定。 相似文献
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Parasitic plants infest numerous plants throughout the world depleting them of nutrients, minerals and water. Orobanche species are chlorophyll-lacking root holoparasites that cause severe damage to broad-leaved crops. Orobanche aegyptiaca and Orobanche crenata parasitize field, vegetable, fodder, flower and herb crops in the Mediterranean region. Curled parsley (Petroselinum crispum), a major crop in the dry herb industry in Israel, is highly susceptible to O. aegyptiaca and O. crenata and in infested fields suffers severe yield and quality damage. An in vitro study in polyethylene bags, greenhouse experiments in soil-filled pots and trials in a naturally Orobanche-infested field were performed in order to screen and test for differential susceptibility of parsley varieties to O. aegyptiaca and O. crenata. Results revealed that the parsley varieties Garland and Garbo were tolerant to Orobanche compared to the susceptible varieties Darki, Extra Triple and Kaderava. 相似文献
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Heavy infestation of faba bean fields by Orobanche foetida is an emerging problem in Tunisia. Field trials during three consecutive crop seasons demonstrated the resistance of three genotypes to O. foetida, including the cv. Baraca, selected for resistance to O. crenata, and two Tunisian breeding lines, Bader and XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1. Resistant genotypes displayed a parasitism index two-fold lower than that of the susceptible checks. They carried 2–8 times less of tubercle attachments and 2–3 times less of emerged parasite spikes at pod setting stage and at crop maturity, respectively. Seed-yield losses by parasitism reached 90% for the susceptible checks and were two-fold lower for the resistant genotypes. Parasitism affected negatively the protein/starch ratio of seeds of both susceptible and resistant genotypes. The line XBJ90.03-16-1-1-1 was the best candidate for registration because of better productivity in non-infested fields and production of high-weight seeds. 相似文献
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水稻品种(组合)对褐飞虱抗性的田间表现 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在褐飞虱大发生的2007年单季稻期间,以TN1作为感虫对照,在浙江省金华市评价了48份水稻品种(组合)的田间成株期抗性表现。结果表明,16个品种(组合)表现为田间成株期感虫,其他32个品种(组合)具有中抗以上水平,其中丙04-123、Ⅱ优845、宜香845、中组14、嘉兴优04-1和IR36等品种(组合)达高抗水平。在持久抗性方面,除高抗品种外,秀水09、新嘉优99、嘉优22-5、秀优0969、宁04-81、丙04-103、丙04-08、丙04-123、R4101、丙04-132、丙05-129、丙05-227、浙粳23和浙粳22等品种(组合)具持抗性。试验表明,成株期田间褐飞虱抗性评价对生产实践具有更重要的意义。 相似文献
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J. S. Rama Devi S. Singh Kuldeep Umakanth B. Vishalakshi B. Renuka P. Vijay Sudhakar K. S. Prasad M. C. Viraktamath B. Ravindra Babu V. S. Madhav M. 《水稻科学》2015,22(6):300
To develop and characterize introgression lines for leaf and neck blast resistance, 326 introgression lines were developed using various accessions of six different AA genome wild species in the genetic background of elite Indian varieties like PR114 and Pusa 44 and were screened for blast resistance. Stringent phenotyping coupled with genotyping using gene based markers led to the identification of four resistant introgression lines, which showed promising resistance and do not possess any of the tested genes. Furthermore, multi-location screening confirmed the field resistance of the four introgression lines to both leaf and neck blast. Molecular characterization of these introgression lines using genome-wide simple sequence repeat markers revealed the presence of small percentage of wild Oryza genome introgrssion. So these lines can be used for mapping and identification of novel leaf and neck blast resistance genes. Thus, these four introgression lines can be considered as new genetic resources for blast resistance. 相似文献
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采取下胚轴创伤接种法鉴定156份大豆资源对13个不同毒力基因型大豆疫霉菌株的抗性。结果表明,125份资源分别抗1-13个菌株,占鉴定资源总数的80.13%。125份抗性大豆资源对13个大豆疫霉菌株共产生90种反应型。通过与13个鉴别寄主的反应型比较发现,有9份大豆资源产生的5种反应型与含有已知抗病基因的大豆资源的反应型相同;12份大豆资源产生的5种反应型与已知2个抗病基因组合的反应型一致,另外,还有至少抗1个菌株的104份大豆资源产生的80种反应型,既不同于已知单个抗病基因的反应型,也不同于2个已知抗病基因组合的反应型,推测可能含有新的抗病基因或基因组合。 相似文献
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比较研究了采自菲律宾国际水稻研究所室内长期用水稻抗性品种Mudgo驯化的褐飞虱生物型2和从广西田间褐飞虱种群中分离获得的田间生物型2的致害性、在不同抗性品种上的生长发育和生殖等特性。结果表明室内和田间生物型2对Mudgo和IR26的致害能力相同,即两者均能成功地致害含[WTBX][STBX]Bph1[WTBZ][STBZ]基因的水稻品种,但田间生物型2对ASD7和IR36的致害性明显比室内生物型2强,说明两者在具有抗性[WTBX][STBX]bph2[WTBZ][STBZ]的水稻品种上的致害性有差异。取食不同抗性品种时,田间生物型2的若虫历期均比取食相同品种的室内生物型2短,两个生物型2在取食ASD7时的若虫历期最长、存活率最低、雌成虫体重最轻、产卵量和蜜露量最少、种群增长指数和营养指数最低。取食IR26的田间生物型2的若虫存活指数和种群增长指数均明显高于取食IR26的室内生物型2的指数,同时也显著高于取食Mudgo的生物型2。建议在进行褐飞虱致害性监测和水稻品种抗性评价时以选用IR26为宜。 相似文献
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花生种质资源的综合评价 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：12
对５７００份花生种质资源的植物学性状和经济性状、抗病性和种子品质性状进行了鉴定评价,筛选出高抗锈病种质９２份,高抗早斑病种质７７份,高抗晚斑病种质５３份,高抗根结线虫资源３份,高抗青枯病资源１０２份,抗锈病兼抗早斑病资源５８份,抗锈病兼抗晚斑病资源４９份,抗锈病兼抗早、晚斑病资源４５份,抗青枯病兼抗根结线虫资源２份,抗青枯病兼抗锈病资源１份。蛋白质含量达３４％以上的３３份,含油量达５８％以上的２４份,油酸含量达６７％以上的１８份,亚油酸含量达４７％以上的１５份。不同类型不同来源的花生品种的植物学性状、经济性状、抗病性和种子品质性状均有显著差异。 相似文献