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1.
本研究对太阳能自控多方式诱虫灯诱捕槟榔害虫的效果进行了评价。结果表明,经过240 d,诱虫灯共诱捕害虫255 924头,共计8个目、26科、46种昆虫,其中鳞翅目害虫达到64.33%;诱虫灯诱虫数量、重量在8—11月增加,12—2月减少,3月后再增加,其诱虫数量变化与当地虫害发生规律相一致,且益虫仅占总虫量的0.80%;灯控区槟榔受虫害等级比非灯控区少1~3个等级,虫害发生等级控制在++以内。灯控区坐果率在开花结果初期、收获期明显高于非灯控区,明显降低落果率,单株产量达到10.96 kg,比非灯控区提高36.61%。因此,该型诱虫灯在槟榔园使用具有诱虫谱广,诱杀作用强的特点,可大幅减少虫害发生,提高坐果率,增加产量。 相似文献
2.
Protein-based food attractants are used in Bactrocera oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera: Tephritidae) management for monitoring populations, estimating the time of bait sprays and for Mass Trapping. McPhail traps loaded with two trophical attractant solutions (two formulations of hydrolysed proteins equal to 55% and 75% w/w) at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8% concentrations were tested for their attractiveness, which was indicated by the captures of flies in McPhail traps during two periods in successive summers. The results indicated that lower concentrations than the 2% concentration recommended for both tested proteins (highest captures of 31.4 olive fruit flies/trap/week were recorded at 1% for protein equal to 55% and 28.5 at 0.5% for protein equal to 75%) were also attractive to olive fruit flies, whereas 8% was the least attractive concentration for both attractants (18.7 and 9.9 olive fruit fly/trap/week respectively). In addition, the 2% attractant concentration for both proteins was evaluated for attractiveness over time compared with ammonium sulphate; three-day-old solution of the protein equal to 75% was significantly more attractive to flies (at least twice) than 7-, 10-, 14-, 17-, 20- or 24-day-old solutions while the 7-day-old solution of the protein equal to 55% did not display differences compared with other solution ages. The attractiveness of ammonium sulphate weakened as time passed (below 5 olive fruit flies/trap/week). On the other hand, olive stems sprayed with the tested proteins under field conditions attracted approximately 0.6–1.0 adults per day, as indicated by captures in yellow sticky panels, with the highest number of flies recorded on the first day (0.9–1.4 adults). Finally, changes of pH values of these trophical attractants after dilution to the water are also reported. 相似文献
3.
4.
A comparison of monitoring systems used for Ceratitis species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in South Africa
For 16 years a bucket-type trap known as the Sensus fruit fly trap has been used to monitor three fruit fly pest species Ceratitis capitata, Ceratitis rosa and Ceratitis cosyra in South African fruit industries. The relative efficiencies of lures sold for monitoring fruit flies with the Sensus trap in South Africa were determined in field experiments where laboratory-reared C. capitata, C. rosa and C. cosyra were released in a mango orchard within a few metres of Sensus traps containing either Capilure (trimedlure or tert-butyl 4 (or 5) -chloro-2-methylcyclohexane carboxylate), Ceratitislure (protein hydrolysate plus β-caryophyllene) or Questlure (protein hydrolysate plus plant extracts). When using 12-day-old flies, Capilure caught 3 times more C. capitata males than C. rosa males and this difference was more extreme when 3-day-old flies were released. Ceratitislure caught significantly more 12-day-old C. cosyra males than 12-day-old C. capitata males, but the difference was reversed when 3-day-old flies were compared. Questlure showed the least differences between species and age but recovered the lowest proportion of released species. Further comparisons were conducted in an orchard with wild flies using other known attractants in larger yellow Probodelt bucket traps. Capilure caught more male C. capitata than BioLure Fruit Fly 3-component, but BioLure 2-component (trimethylamine and ammonium acetate) was more effective than Questlure for C. capitata females. The 3-component lure was also more effective than both Capilure and Questlure for male and female C. rosa, respectively. Ceratitislure was the most effective lure for male C. cosyra flies and BioLure 3-component was more effective than Ceratitislure and Questlure for female C. cosyra flies. The intervention threshold of 4 flies/trap/week previously used in citrus with Capilure for C. rosa was lowered to 2 C. rosa/trap/week when using the Sensus trap due to the lower sensitivity of this trap-lure combination found for C. rosa in this study. The 3-component lure, or the 2-component combination of trimethylamine and ammonium acetate in a ratio of 1:8 in the Sensus trap capsule, would be more effective for both sexes of all three Ceratitis species than the Questlure that is currently being used. 相似文献
5.
Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, is an invasive insect pest that has spread into many fruit production regions of the world. Strategies to protect fruit from infestation by this insect are currently dominated by insecticide applications, so producers need information on relative efficacy and residual activity of insecticides to be able to select effective treatments. Semi-field bioassays in which highbush blueberry shoots with berries were treated then exposed to adult flies at different times after application revealed that fresh residues of organophosphate, pyrethroid, and spinosyn insecticides have strong initial activity on flies, with varying levels of residual protection against fruit infestation. An organic pyrethrum insecticide was not effective, whereas the neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid was found to have activity for up to five days. Rainfall after application greatly reduced the level of control achieved by some insecticides. Field-scale evaluation of conventional and organic spray programs initiated in response to capture of D. suzukii flies in monitoring traps indicated that both types of management provide significant fruit protection compared to untreated fields, with less larval detection in the conventionally-produced berries. 相似文献
6.
Pheromone trap catches as a means of predicting damage by pink bollworm larvae in cotton 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The male moth catches in gossyplure-baited traps were used to predict larval infestation of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), in cotton fields during 1988 and 1989. The mean moth catches per trap per night were positively correlated with percentage larval infestation. The moth counts in traps and larval infestation in green bolls increased with advance in reproductive stage of the cotton plants. A mean trap catch of 9–12 pink bollworm moths per night was associated with economically damaging infestation. It is, therefore, inferred that insecticidal sprays may be scheduled when 9–12 moths are captured per trap per night. 相似文献
7.
Matthew D. Wilson Adelina Latinovic Noel W. Davies Peter B. McQuillan Robert C. Menary 《Journal of Crop Improvement》2018,32(3):331-352
Tasmanian Mountain Pepper is a new crop that produces a valuable flavoring agent derived from its fruit. However, annual yields are unpredictable and its commercial prospects depend upon a reliable fruit set. As poor pollination is a possible cause, the pollination biology of this dioecious plant was examined in natural and plantation settings using direct observations, sticky traps, gas chromatography, and microscopy. A community of small insects visits the flowers, and the insect species represent at least seven families of small flies, three families of beetles, and various wasps and moths. Pollen grains were observed on the bodies of bibionid flies (Bibionidae), syrphid flies (Syrphidae), and snail-flies (Sciomyzidae). The tetrahedral tetrad pollen grains are unlikely to be suitable for dispersal by wind. Similar volatiles were emitted by both males and females; several ocimene compounds are attractants for insect pollen vectors. The female flowers also emitted indole, a known fly attractant. It is therefore likely that Tasmannia lanceolata is dependent on the services of diverse insects, especially Diptera, for promoting fruit set. Plantations should be established in the vicinity of biodiverse native vegetation that supports a wide variety of native flying insects capable of transferring pollen. 相似文献
8.
The sterile insect technique has been in use for more than 50 years. Release techniques vary considerably from country to country. The release of sterile Queensland fruit fly in Australia continues to progress since its initial trials in the 1960’s. Three ground release methods (adult tub, adult chilled and pupal bucket) for sterile Queensland fruit fly were evaluated in the field. The recapture rate from the adult tub release method is significantly better than the other two methods. Adult chilled release had the lowest recapture rate but was not significantly different from the pupal bucket release. All methods could have been improved. 98.8% of recaptured flies were trapped within 600m of the release points. The dispersal distance was compared with other species. 相似文献
9.
José-Arturo Solórzano Jeremie Gilles Oscar Bravo Cristina Vargas Yannery Gomez-Bonilla Georgina V. Bingham David B. Taylor 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2015,15(1)
Pineapple production in Costa Rica increased nearly 300-fold during the last 30 yr, and >40,000 hectares of land are currently dedicated to this crop. At the end of the pineapple cropping cycle, plants are chopped and residues incorporated into the soil in preparation for replanting. Associated with increased pineapple production has been a large increase in stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), populations. Stable flies are attracted to, and oviposit in, the decomposing, chopped pineapple residues. In conjunction with chemical control of developing larvae, adult trapping is an important control strategy. In this study, four blue-black fabric traps, Nzi, Vavoua, Model H, and Ngu, were compared with a white sticky trap currently used for stable fly control in Costa Rica. Overall, the white sticky trap caught the highest number of stable flies, followed by the Nzi, Vavoua, Model H, and Ngu. Collections on the white sticky trap increased 16 d after residues were chopped; coinciding with the expected emergence of flies developing in the pineapple residues. During this same time period, collections in the blue-black fabric traps decreased. Sex ratio decreased from >7:1 (females:males) 3–7 d after chopping to 1:1 at 24–28 d. White sticky, Nzi and Vavoua traps collected similar numbers of colonizing flies 3–7 d after residues were chopped. However, white sticky traps collected more flies once emergence from the pineapple residues began. Although white sticky traps collected more flies than fabric traps, they remain labor intensive and environmentally unsound because of their disposable and nonbiodegradable nature. 相似文献
10.
Z. Basky 《Crop Protection》1993,12(8):605-609
A yellow water pan trap was used to collect Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) in Central Hungary in 1989. In 1990 a Rothamsted-type suction trap collected 31 individuals. A D. noxia infestation was found in an autumn-sown wheat field in October 1990. The D. noxia population that overwintered was holocyclic. The life-span of fundatrices was 43.2 days at 18–22°C. The number of nymphs produced per fundatrix was 46.6. Average progeny numbers of first-generation apterae and alatae were 29.4 and 21.4, respectively. Second-generation apterae produced an average of 48.8 nymphs; 35.9% of nymphs were alatiform. The D. noxia population reached its peak on 3 July in the field, at which time the mean number of individuals per wheat plant was 3953.6. By 20 July, the wheat plants had matured and the D. noxia colonies had disappeared from the wheat. 相似文献
11.
The absence of effective pest monitoring has resulted in an increase in populations of the obscure mealybug Pseudococcus viburni (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in pome fruit orchards in the Western Cape Province of South Africa recently. The sex pheromone for P. viburni was recently identified and synthesized. Flight activity of adult male P. viburni was monitored by placing and servicing three, evenly spaced pheromone-baited traps per orchard in three pome fruit growing regions used for the study. Fortnightly fruit sampling was done by randomly picking three fruits per tree for the duration of each fruit season, dissecting and noting mealybug infestation. The biweekly male P. viburni trap catch information and fruit infestation data collected over two seasons were correlated. There was a positive and significant relationship between the fruit infestation and number of P. viburni adult males caught in pheromone-baited traps (r2 = 0.454, P < 0.001). The action threshold level was estimated to be 2.5 male P. viburni caught per trap per fortnight at an economic threshold of 2% fruit infestation. This monitoring method was less labor intensive, more accurate and quicker than the current visual sampling and monitoring techniques. 相似文献
12.
《Crop Protection》1987,6(5):304-312
Onion flies were monitored from 1979 to 1982 using onion-baited yellow sticky traps in 88 commercial onion fields in the lower Fraser Valley of British Columbia. Capture rates of onion flies varied widely both between and within farms, and within fields both spatially and temporally. An action threshold of 0·1 females/trap/day was used to determine the need for first-generation adult sprays, beginning 30 days after seeding with a granular insecticide. Over the 4 years, growers applied an average of 1·6 sprays per field per season using the monitoring programme, compared with averages of 4·4 or 9·3 sprays had they followed a production guide schedule, or a 10-day fixed routine schedule, respectively. Growers adhering to the established monitoring programme achieved excellent control of maggot damage. 相似文献
13.
Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are a major problem for Australia's $6.9 billion horticultural industry. Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) is the most significant fruit fly pest in the eastern states of Australia. Catches of male B. tryoni from cuelure-baited Lynfield surveillance traps in towns bordering the Fruit Fly Exclusion Zone in New South Wales, Australia, from November to May in 2001/2002–2007/2008 were analysed with respect to year, town, property type (urban/rural), and tree species/crop varieties in which the trap was placed (tree type). Average catches of all traps were highest in 2007/2008 and lowest in 2003/2004, and showed an overall positive correlation with rainfall (P < 0.05). More B. tryoni males were caught in Wagga Wagga and Lockhart than in other towns. There were no significant differences in catches of B. tryoni between urban and rurally located traps. With respect to tree type, traps placed in pomefruit trees caught significantly more flies than those in citrus, stonefruit, or nonfruit trees, with no significant differences among the latter three tree groups. Within the pomefruit group, traps in apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) and pears (Pyrus spp.) caught significantly more flies than those in cotoneasters (Cotoneaster spp). Within the citrus group, traps in orange trees (Citrus × sinensis (L.) Osbeck) caught significantly more flies than those in mandarin trees (Citrus reticulata Blanco). No significant differences were detected in catches between any members of the stonefruit group. Within the nonfruit group, traps placed in kurrajongs (Brachychiton populneum (Schott & Endl.) R. Br.) caught significantly more flies than those placed on other tree species in the group. This study demonstrates that although surveillance programs conducted to establish and/or maintain area freedom from specific pests may not provide balanced datasets, careful analysis of the results of such programs can provide valuable insights into the behaviour of the species in question. 相似文献
14.
Bactrocera invadens, the Asian fruit fly, was first reported in
Kenya in 2003, and it spread fast to most tropical countries in Africa. To our
knowledge, there is no detailed data on the fruit damage and status of fruit
flies in Arba Minch and elsewhere in Ethiopia. Hence, information on the species
composition and pest status of the fruit fly species is urgent to plan
management strategies in the area. Fruit flies were captured using male
parapheromone-baited traps. Matured mango (Mangifera indica)
fruits were collected from randomly selected mango trees and incubated
individually in cages (15 by 15 by 15 cm) with sandy soil. B.
invadens was the predominant (96%; 952 of 992) captured
species and the only fruit fly species emerging from mango fruits incubated in
the laboratory. The mean number of adult B. invadens emerging
per mango fruit was 35.25, indicating that the species is the most devastating
mango fruit fly in the area. The loss due to this species would be serious if no
management strategies are implemented. 相似文献
15.
本文研究了椰子织蛾Opisina arenosella Walker种群繁殖的特征。2015年每月从儋州市野外采集椰子织蛾,收集当天羽化的成虫,记录成虫的产卵前期、单雌产卵量、卵的孵化率、初孵幼虫数以及成虫寿命。结果表明:1月份的气温最低,雌成虫的产卵前期最长,为(3.00±0.21)d;5、6月气温最高,产卵前期次之;其他月份的产卵前期较短。11月份椰子织蛾的单雌产卵量最高,为(231.07±19.55)粒;3、4、7、8、9、10月份的产卵量次之;1、2、5、6、12月份的单雌产卵量最低。1月份(低温)椰子织蛾卵的孵化率最低,为(2.70±2.01)%;2—12月份椰子织蛾卵的孵化率差异不显著。1月份的初孵幼虫数最少,为(4.17±2.94)头;5、6月份的较少,分别为(54.04±8.18)、(52.31±10.81)头;3月份的最多,为(87.89±14.94)头。低温使成虫的寿命延长;各月雌成虫的寿命短于雄成虫的寿命;5、6月份雄成虫的平均寿命分别为(7.08±0.68)、(7.67±0.84)d,雌成虫的平均寿命分别为(6.50±0.34)、(6.22±0.36)d,低于其他月份雌雄成虫的寿命。5、6月的高温会抑制种群的数量,是药剂防治的最佳时间。该研究为椰子织蛾的防治、预测预报等提供基础科学依据。 相似文献
16.
Attractants and pheromones are commonly used in integrated pest management programs in crop systems. However, pheromone dispensers employed in monitoring traps and lure and kill devices are not usually well studied and attractants are released at uncontrolled rates leading to low treatment efficacies and misleading monitoring estimations. Fruit flies are pests of economic importance and monitoring is essential in order to program insecticidal treatments. Moreover, lure and kill techniques are being increasingly used, but the cost of these techniques depends on the number of required traps and, therefore, on the efficacy of the attractants. Ceratitis capitata and Bactrocera oleae are the two main fruit flies in Mediterranean countries, and the effect of different doses of trimedlure and spiroacetal on fly attraction has been studied. Results showed that a release rate over 1.28 mg/day of spiroacetal reduces B. oleae attraction and emission values over 2.4 mg of trimedlure per day did not increase C. capitata catches. Under the environmental conditions of our study, an optimum release rate for pheromone attraction in B. oleae was determined. Emission values over this optimum level reduced B. oleae attraction. However, when a parapheromone was used with C. capitata, a fruit fly of the same family, the optimum emission value was not found and higher quantities of parapheromone attracted the same number of flies. The saturation effect of high concentrations of pheromone and parapheromone is discussed. 相似文献
17.
测报灯下褐飞虱及其两种近似种的数量动态 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
2008年和2009年,在我国广西、湖南、江西及浙江等4省5地,对测报灯下褐飞虱及其两个近似种(伪褐飞虱和拟褐飞虱)的数量动态进行了研究。结果表明,灯下褐飞虱比例相对较高,2008年和2009年的比例分别为58.4%和50.5%;伪褐飞虱稍少,分别为41.5%和46.8%;拟褐飞虱最少,分别为0·1%和2·7%。总体上,前期伪褐飞虱为优势种,后期褐飞虱为优势种。但是,不同地区间褐飞虱及其近似种动态格局有明显差异,广西两地以褐飞虱为主,达60.4%~91.3%,但湖南临湘、浙江富阳以伪褐飞虱为主,达59.3%~80.7%。广西两地褐飞虱4月灯下即有发生,6月就开始处于优势地位,6-7月和10月(或10-11月)出现两个高峰;而江西万安、湖南临湘、浙江富阳5-6月份灯下才开始出现褐飞虱,至9月份才超过50%,仅在9-10月出现1个高峰。正确鉴别灯下褐飞虱种类对于改善稻飞虱预测预报有重要意义。 相似文献
18.
Pheromone traps of different designs, suitable for monitoring stored-product phycitids were: (1) a commercially made fly strip; (2) a bottle trap with insecticide or water for killing captured insects and (3) a cylinder trap with half-closed entrances. The optimum dose of (Z)-9, (E)-12-tetradecadienyl acetate was 1·0 mg via a rubber dispenser. Release and recapture experiments performed in empty rooms demonstrated that a fly-strip pheromone trap can consistently capture well over 50% of released males of Ephestia kuehniella, and that synthetic pheromone is a significantly more efficient bait than six live virgin females. A 2-year mass trapping trial performed in a chocolate factory demonstrated the applicability of the pheromone method for maintenance of an acceptably low population density of E. cautella suppressed initially by insecticides. 相似文献
19.
昆虫性信息素配备新型飞蛾诱捕器群集诱杀水稻二化螟的效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对新型飞蛾干式诱捕器诱捕效率进行了测试,从6月20日至9月20日,共调查13次,累计诱蛾量8 605头,平均每台诱捕器诱蛾344头。性诱剂处理区、施药区和不施药区虫伤株率分别为为1.77%、1.19%和81.90%,枯鞘率分别为1.11%、0.65%和14.68%,白穗率分别为1.87%、0.35%和38.83%。性诱剂防治效果95.18%,比药剂防效低3.92个百分点。就本试验结果来看,新型诱捕器操作简便,易于维护,使性信息素大面积诱杀二化螟的可行性提高。 相似文献
20.
通过周年的调查结果显示,秀珍菇菇蚊菇蝇的主要种类包括:闽菇迟眼菌蚊(Bradysia minpleuroti Yang et Zhang)、黑粪蚊(Scatopse sp.)、瘿蚊(Mycophila fungicola)、白翅型蚤蝇(Megaselia sp.)、黑腹果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster).其年消长规律一年出现两个高峰期,分别是3月中旬至7月初和9月中旬至12月初.通过应用色板、色板加黑光灯、诱虫灯等进行防治试验,结果显示,色板、色板加黑光灯、诱虫灯对菇蚊菇蝇均有较好的防治效果,分别达89.59％、74.53％、82.35％. 相似文献