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1.
不同形态氮对大豆根瘤生长及固氮的影响 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
采用框栽的培养方法,通过施用不同形态氮肥,探讨不同形态氮对大豆根瘤生长、含氮量、氮积累量以及固氮酶活性的影响.结果表明:不同形态的氮源,对根瘤干重、数量有促进作用,同时增加了根瘤中的含氮量和氮积累量.根瘤干重及数量的变化均为铵态氮(N2)＞蛋白氮(N4)＞硝态氮(N1)＞氨基酸态氮(N3)＞酰胺态氮(N5)＞生物固氮(N0),其中N0处理的根瘤干重、数量最少,而N2处理的根瘤干重和数量最多.根瘤含氮量的变化为N1＞N4＞N5＞N2＞N3＞N0,其中N1处理下的根瘤中的根瘤含氮量最高,N1、N4和N5各处理与N0处理间差异显著(P＜5%).而氮积累的变化为N2＞N4＞N1＞N5＞N3＞N0,各处理与N0处理相比,差异极显著(P＜1%),与含氮量的变化趋势略有不同.添加不同形态的氮源对根瘤固氮酶活性有抑制作用,其变化趋势为N0＞N5＞N3＞N2＞N4＞N1,N0处理的固氮酶活性最高. 相似文献
2.
增苗减氮措施对双季稻干物质积累和产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探明双季稻区不同施氮水平和移栽密度条件下对水稻干物质积累及产量的影响,比较研究了早稻在N120. 0 kg/hm2+抛栽密度33. 0万蔸/hm2(E1M1)、N 150. 0 kg/hm2+抛栽密度30. 0万蔸/hm2(E2M2)、N 180. 0kg/hm2+抛栽密度27. 0万蔸/hm2(E3M3)、N 210. 0 kg/hm2+抛栽密度24. 0万蔸/hm2(E4M4),晚稻在N 150. 0kg/hm2+抛栽密度33. 0万蔸/hm2(L1M1)、N 180. 0 kg/hm2+抛栽密度30. 0万蔸/hm2(L2M2)、N 210. 0 kg/hm2+抛栽密度27. 0万蔸/hm2(L3M3)、N 240. 0 kg/hm2+抛栽密度24. 0万蔸/hm2(L4M4)等不同施氮量与密度条件下的干物质积累及产量。结果表明,早稻和晚稻的苗期至孕穗期,各处理植株叶面积指数大小顺序分别表现为E1M1 E2M2 E3M3 E4M4和L1M1 L2M2 L3M3 L4M4;成熟期,分别以E2M2和L2M2处理为最大。早稻和晚稻各个生育时期,各处理植株的根系、茎、叶、穗干重大小顺序分别表现为E4M4 E3M3 E2M2 E1M1和L4M4 L3M3 L2M2 L1M1。早稻产量以E2M2处理为最高,其大小顺序表现为E2M2 E3M3 E1M1 E4M4;晚稻产量以L2M2处理为最高,其大小顺序表现为L2M2 L1M1 L3M3 L4M4。因此,早稻在施N 150. 0 kg/hm2、抛栽密度30. 0万蔸/hm2,晚稻在施N 180. 0 kg/hm2、抛栽密度30. 0万蔸/hm2条件下,水稻植株干物质分配合理,有利于改善产量构成因素,获得较高的水稻产量。 相似文献
3.
减施氮肥对不同密度夏玉米产量和干物质积累特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以夏玉米品种郑单1002为材料,采用两因素随机区组设计,设4个施肥(N1,复合肥225 kg/hm2;N2,复合肥180 kghm2;N3,控释肥180 kg/hm2;N4,复合肥180 kg/hm2,有机肥1 500 kg/hm2)和两个密度(D1,6万株/hm2;D2,7.5万株/hm2)处理,研究减施氮肥对不同高密植夏玉米产量和干物质积累等方面的影响。结果表明,D2处理显著提高夏玉米产量24.74%,两个密植条件下N3和N4处理均未造成显著减产。D2处理显著提高吐丝期和成熟期及花后干物质积累量,降低花后干物质积累量对子粒的贡献率,减氮处理对干物质积累特征均无显著影响。N2、N3和N4处理显著提高两个密植夏玉米氮肥偏生产力16.00%～22.90%,仅D2N4处理显著提高氮肥农学利用效率16.32%。夏玉米在75 000株/hm2高密植水平,施氮180 kg/hm2(减氮20%)配施有机肥可达到高产高效的生产目标。 相似文献
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试验以鲁单981为材料,研究了30000株/hm~2(低密度)和90000株/hm~2(高密度)种植密度下,玉米种皮的形态及胚乳淀粉粒超微结构。结果表明,随着子粒的发育,内珠被中的细胞质首先作为营养物质被吸收、解体,形成类似珠被绒毡层的黑层。黑层退化消失的同时,子房壁细胞也离散解体,最终使子房壁和内珠被愈合在一起形成种皮。授粉后10～15d是胚乳淀粉粒发育的质变时期;授粉后20～25d是淀粉粒发育的量变时期。高密度处理的种皮细胞总层数约占低密度处理的1/2,但其各层细胞中的内容物相对较多,种皮形态建成的速度较慢。授粉后10～20d,高密度处理的胚乳淀粉粒明显比低密度处理大且多;而授粉后25d表现相反。玉米胚乳淀粉粒的剖面面积多数集中在0.28～0.56μm~2,约占24.8%,剖面面积大于2.52μm~2的淀粉粒仅占5.2%。 相似文献
6.
以当地主栽水稻品种冈优188(V1,重穗型品种)、阳鑫优1号(V2,穗数型品种)为研究材料,采用3个氮肥水平处理(N0:不施氮肥;N1:纯氮150 kg/hm2;N2:纯氮195 kg/hm2)研究了水稻生产氮肥需要量与利用率。结果表明:各处理产量变幅为7 170.0~8 011.5 kg/hm2,N1、N2主处理的平均产量分别为7 839.0 kg/hm2、7 977.0 kg/hm2,比N0分别增产7.7%、9.6%。N2V1与N1V1的平均产量分别为7 944.0 kg/hm2、7 957.5 kg/hm2,表明对于重穗型水稻品种,当前大面积生产的氮肥施用量是适宜的,不宜再增加氮肥用量。 相似文献
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大豆开花后18～43天,子叶细胞含叶绿素。细胞内原质林可逐渐积累淀粉粒;基质内有基粒和基质片层。原质体发育为造粉质体。这种造粉质体属“绿色造粉质体”。开花后53～63天,造粉质体内淀粉粒数目减少,体积缩小;片层结构肿胀,并逐渐解体。造粉质体脱分化为原质体。造粉质体的分化和脱分化过程与蛋白质和脂类的积累密切相关。 相似文献
10.
高产栽培下施氮水平对春玉米氮素吸收与利用的影响 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
以金山27为试验材料,采用田间试验的方法,研究高产栽培下施氮水平对春玉米氮素吸收与利用的影响。结果表明,玉米植株体内的氮含量总体上随施氮水平的提高而增加,氮的累积量随施氮水平的提高先升后降。在300 kg/hm2施氮水平下,生物产量、子粒产量和子粒中氮的分配比例均最大。氮生理效率以增氮(390 kg/hm2施氮处理)最低,氮素利用效率以减氮(210 kg/hm2施氮处理)最高,氮收获指数以300 kg/hm2施氮处理最大。与300 kg/hm2施氮处理相比,390 kg/hm2施氮处理导致氮生理利用率、氮肥效率和氮肥吸收效率下降;210 kg/hm2施氮处理的氮生理利用率、氮肥效率和氮肥吸收效率升高。氮肥利用率以施氮300 kg/hm2处理最高,增氮(390 kg/hm2处理)和农户传统高产施氮(270 kg/hm2施氮处理)均相对较低。在研究地区,高产玉米栽培适宜的施氮量为300 kg/hm2,其种肥、拔节肥、大喇叭口肥的比例为1∶3∶6。 相似文献
11.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
14.
先玉335、郑单958和京科968抗虫能力的比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以先玉335、郑单958、京科968为材料,以玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)、黏虫(Mythimna separata)和禾谷缢管蚜(Rhopalosiphum padi)为供试昆虫,探究玉米品系大喇叭口期对玉米螟和黏虫及抽雄期对禾谷缢管蚜抗性差异,测定其主要抗虫化合物丁布类物质的含量。结果发现,京科968对玉米螟及禾谷缢管蚜抗性均高于另外两个品系;对黏虫的抗性,郑单958和京科968高于先玉335。大喇叭口期京科968中丁布类物质含量最高,抽雄期郑单958和京科968中主要丁布成分含量均高于先玉335,上述组织中丁布合成相关基因在郑单958及京科968中的表达量也均高于先玉335。本研究揭示杂交玉米抗虫性与抗性相关化合物含量及其相关基因表达间存在正向相关关系,为抗虫玉米分子育种提供理论参考。 相似文献
15.
Summary The viability of five pathogens was decreased by treatment with hot water when tested in vitro.Polyscytalum pustulans was most sensitive andRhizoctonia solani least sensitive.
Potato tubers were exposed to 55°C for 5 min in a commercial continuous hot water treatment plant using naturally contaminated
seed tubers and tubers which had been inoculated by dipping in comminuted cultures. The frequency of eyes colonised byP. pustulans, Helminthosporium solani, andR. solani was reduced to virtually zero and the effect persisted on tubers subsequently stored at 4°C and at 15°C for up to 16 wk.
Results withColletotrichum coccodes were inconclusive. Treatment suppressedPenicillium spp. which, however, rapidly recolonised the eyes during storage, leading to higher contamination levels in the treated than
in the untreated tubers. With tubers inoculated withPhoma foveata, good control was achieved when the incubation period before treatment was 10 d but not when the period was 42 d. 相似文献
16.
David Gramaje ngeles Aroca Rosa Raposo Jos García-Jimnez Josep Armengol 《Crop Protection》2009,28(12):1091-1097
The efficacy of fourteen selected fungicides against Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum was evaluated in vitro by mycelial growth and conidial germination assays. Azoxystrobin, carbendazim and tebuconazole were the most effective fungicides against P. chlamydospora, while carbendazim and didecyldimethylammonium chloride were the most effective against P. aleophilum. An assay was also conducted with cubiet, hydroxyquinoline sulphate and didecyldimethylammonium chloride to determine their potential to prevent infections caused by these pathogens during the hydration stage in grapevine propagation. The results of this experiment demonstrated that P. chlamydospora and P. aleophilum were able to infect healthy cuttings during the hydration stage and showed that didecyldimethylammonium chloride was consistently the best treatment as a disinfectant soak for grapevine cuttings. Additionally, semi-commercial trials were conducted in two grapevine nurseries to evaluate the effectiveness of several strategies with carbendazim, flusilazole and hydroxyquinoline sulphate at different nursery stages. Soaking planting material in carbendazim during the hydration stage was the most effective treatment since neither P. chlamydospora nor P. aleophilum were isolated from planting material in either nursery. 相似文献
17.
Summary Tubers of clones from a diploid hybrid population ofSolanum phureja andS. stenotomum were screened for resistance to tuber soft rot caused by strains ofErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica (Eca),E. carotovora subsp.carotovora (Ecc) andE. chrysanthemi (Ech). Significant, positive correlations between resistance to the different strains and species were observed, indicating
that screening for resistance to tuber soft rot could be accomplished by using just one of the three pathogens. Strains of
Ecc and Ech were found to be much more virulent than strains of Eca. Inoculating with Ecc and Ech resulted in more distinct
differences among susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant clones than inoculating with Eca. 相似文献
18.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
19.
核氧还蛋白（nucleoredoxin,NRX）可通过还原目标蛋白的二硫键来调控其生物活性,在植物的生长发育和抗逆境胁迫中发挥着重要作用。蛋白质二硫键异构酶（protein disulfide isomerase,PDI）、h型硫氧还蛋白（h-type thioredoxin,TRXh）和蛋白磷酸酶2A催化亚基（protein phosphatase 2A catalytic subunit,PP2Ac）是小麦核氧还蛋白TaNRX1的互作蛋白。为了明确TaNRX1互作蛋白的抗旱性功能,本研究在拟南芥中过表达了小麦 TaPDI-A、 TaTRXh-A和 TaPP2Ac-D基因,对野生型和转基因拟南芥的表型和抗旱相关生理指标进行了鉴定。结果表明,干旱胁迫处理后,转 TaPDI-A、 TaTRXh-A和 TaPP2Ac-D基因拟南芥的根长、存活率、脯氨酸含量均大于野生型,离体叶片失水率、丙二醛（MAD）含量均小于野生型。二氨基联苯胺（diaminobenzidine,DAB）对H2O2组织定位染色结果表明,干旱胁迫处理后,转 TaPDI-A、 TaTRXh-A和 TaPP2Ac-D基因拟南芥的H2O2含量均低于野生型。上述结果说明,TaNRX1的互作蛋白基因 TaPDI-A、 TaTRXh-A和 TaPP2Ac-D增强了拟南芥对于干旱胁迫的抵抗能力。本研究可为小麦抗旱育种提供候选基因和理论基础。 相似文献
20.
采用网格式取样200株玉米,整株剖秆调查亚洲玉米螟、桃蛀螟和棉铃虫在玉米上的数量,用地统计学的方法分析和模拟它们在田间的水平分布;采用生态位理论分析3种害虫在玉米植株上的生态位和种间竞争。结果表明,亚洲玉米螟、桃蛀螟和3种鳞翅目害虫整体在玉米田中的水平分布分别适合球形、高斯、球形模型拟合,均属于聚集分布。Kriging插值模拟图显示,亚洲玉米螟和桃蛀螟为核心分布型;在垂直分布上,雌穗上3种害虫数量最多,占总虫量的69.82%。亚洲玉米螟的基础生态位宽度最大,在整株玉米上都可危害;桃蛀螟则主要在玉米中、上部;棉铃虫基础生态位最窄,只在雌穗附近危害。3种害虫在玉米茎秆上种间竞争激烈,异种害虫无法共存;雌穗上种间竞争程度小于茎秆,异种害虫可以共存。 相似文献