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《畜牧与饲料科学》2017,(8)
旨在评价酸驼乳中乳酸菌的益生特性。采用常规方法从内蒙古阿拉善牧区采集的酸驼乳中分离乳酸菌;利用16S r DNA PCR及序列分析法对分离到的乳酸菌进行种水平鉴定;通过体外抑菌试验和耐酸、耐胆盐试验评价乳酸菌的益生特性。结果表明,从酸驼乳中分离到的1株疑似乳酸菌被鉴定为短乳杆菌,将其命名为Lactobacillus breris LT;该菌株的代谢产物对4种常见肠道性致病菌(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鼠伤寒沙门菌、单增李斯特菌)均表现出良好的抑菌特性,且抑菌特性不受胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶的影响;该菌株能够在低p H值(2.0、3.0)和高胆盐含量(0.1%~0.3%)的MRS培养基上生长。该研究结果为酸驼乳中优质乳酸菌资源的开发利用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
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本试验采用牛津杯扩散法,通过抑菌圈的大小分别研究不同乳酸菌及饲料添加剂的体外抑菌效果,为乳酸菌及饲料添加剂的筛选提供初步参考。试验结果表明：嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌对大肠埃希氏菌有抑制作用,嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌有抑制作用,所有菌株对金黄色葡萄球菌没有抑制作用。不同乳酸菌株复配后也表现出一定的抑菌作用。饲料添加剂中,水解单宁酸的抑菌效果最好,对3株菌均有抑制作用（除浓度500 mg/L对金黄色葡萄球菌没有抑制作用外）,且随着单宁酸浓度的增加,抑菌圈越大,抑菌效果越好。葡萄糖氧化酶的抑菌效果次之,200、300 mg/L葡萄糖氧化酶对金黄色葡萄球菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌有抑制作用。苯甲酸、肠杆菌肽、溶菌酶对大肠埃希氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌没有抑制作用。不同饲料添加剂复配也表现出一定的抑菌效果。体外试验结果表明,乳酸菌、单宁酸、葡萄糖氧化酶均表现出较好的体外抑菌效果。
[关键词] 乳酸菌|饲料添加剂|抑菌效果|体外 相似文献
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采用微量稀释法分别测定黄芩苷对链球菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、巴氏杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值。结果显示,黄芩苷对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为16μg/m L,对链球菌的MIC为64μg/m L,对沙门氏菌和巴氏杆菌无明显抑菌性。说明黄芩苷对猪大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌具有抗菌活性,对链球菌的抑菌性较差,对沙门氏菌和巴氏杆菌无明显抑菌性。 相似文献
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研究旨在从肉鸡肠道中筛选具有良好抑菌效果的产细菌素乳酸菌,并对其生物学特性和抑菌特性进行初步研究。试验采用牛津杯法,以大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为指示菌,从饲喂菌丝霉素的肉鸡肠道分离筛选具有抑菌功能的乳酸菌。利用形态学、生理生化鉴定及16S rD-NA序列同源性分析进行菌种鉴定,通过热处理、过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶K处理确定抑菌活性物质,并绘制乳酸菌生长曲线及抑菌活性曲线。分离筛选到两株对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金色葡萄球菌均具有较强抑菌活性的乳酸菌LAB12和LAB19,经鉴定菌株LAB12为乳酸片球菌,菌株LAB19为植物乳杆菌。过氧化氢酶处理不影响LAB12和LAB19抑菌活性,加热处理和蛋白酶K处理后抑菌活性减小。乳酸片球菌LAB12接种后2 h进入对数生长期,18 h左右进入稳定期,随着菌体数量增加发酵液上清抑菌作用增强,22 h抑菌活性达到最大且趋于稳定;植物乳杆菌LAB19在发酵2 h进入对数生长期,经约10 h快速生长后,生长速度趋于稳定,抑菌活性也基本保持不变。研究从饲喂菌丝霉素的肉鸡肠道中分离筛选到两株具有良好抑菌功能的乳酸菌,分别为乳酸片球菌LAB12和植物乳杆菌LAB19,初步鉴定这两株菌抑菌活性物质为细菌素。 相似文献
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芽孢杆菌B13的分离鉴定及其抑菌作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验旨在发掘有效的抗性菌以替代部分抗生素,并研究其抑菌作用,以大肠杆菌K88、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为指示菌,采用凝胶打孔法从猪肠道内容物中筛选出一株对3种病原菌均具有抑菌活性的菌株,利用形态特征观察、革兰氏染色、16SrDNA序列同源性比对鉴定菌株,并对其抑菌条件和生长条件进行优化。结果显示,试验筛选到1株对大肠杆菌K88、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均具有较强抑制作用的菌株,经鉴定确定其为芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.),并命名为芽孢杆菌B13。此分离菌为革兰氏阳性菌,单生或成对生长。生长试验结果表明,该分离菌在pH为6.0,温度为34℃,以蔗糖为碳源、蛋白胨为氮源时,生长速度最快;在pH为7.0,温度为35℃,以麦芽糖为碳源、蛋白胨为氮源时,抗鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌K88活性最高。本试验通过对芽孢杆菌B13的特性进行研究发现,此菌株具有较好的抑菌效果,在抑菌方面具有良好的开发应用前景。 相似文献
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甘草内生真菌分离及其抑菌活性初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解药用植物甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)内生真菌资源多样性及其抑菌活性特征,通过组织块法对内生真菌进行分离,并选择小麦全蚀病菌（Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici）、枸杞黑果病菌（Colletotrichum gloeosporioides）、番茄灰霉病菌（Botrytis cinerea）、黄瓜枯萎病菌（Fusarium oxysporium f.sp.cucumeris）、黄瓜立枯病菌（Rhizoctonia solani）5种植物病原真菌和枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）、大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）、金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）、铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas aeruginosa）4种细菌作为供试指示菌,采用对峙法和改进的菌块法测定抑菌活性。试验结果显示,从甘草根、茎、叶中分离出20株内生真菌,其中根部最多,占分离菌株总数的65.0%,其次为茎部,叶部最少;经形态学初步分类鉴定归于2目2科5属,梭孢霉属为优势菌属,占分离菌株总数的70.0%;在分离的内生真菌中有15株菌对1种或1种以上供试植物病原真菌有不同程度的抑制作用,为分离内生真菌总数的75.0%,19株菌对1种或1种以上供试细菌有不同程度的抑制作用,为分离内生真菌总数的95.0%;有7株内生真菌对枯草芽孢杆菌拮抗活性差异显著（P＜0.05）,有 8株内生真菌对金黄色葡萄球菌拮抗活性差异显著,有3株内生真菌对大肠杆菌拮抗活性差异显著,有1株内生真菌对革兰氏阴性铜绿假单胞菌拮抗活性差异显著,其中菌株RLEFR015对番茄灰霉病菌、金黄色葡萄球菌拮抗活性差异显著,菌株RLEFR010对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌拮抗活性差异显著,菌株RLEFR002对枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌供试细菌拮抗活性差异显著;菌株RLEFR015、RLEFR002、RLEFR010均为梭孢霉属,为高活性菌株。甘草内生真菌具有多样性和抑菌活性,多数菌株对供试病原真菌和病原细菌具有拮抗活性,对革兰氏阳性金黄色葡萄球菌和革兰氏阳性枯草芽孢杆菌拮抗活性较强,预示着甘草内生真菌具有重要的资源价值。 相似文献
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猪源乳酸杆菌对永生化猪小肠上皮细胞的黏附性能 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以永生化猪小肠上皮细胞ZYM—SIEC02为体外模型,通过革兰染色法、平板计数法等检测发酵乳杆菌Y091231（Lactobacillus fermentation）、乳酸乳杆菌Y091221（Lactobacillus lactis）,嗜酸乳杆菌Y224031（Lactoba-cillusacidophilus）的黏附性能及对大肠杆菌C83921、致病性沙门菌、金黄色葡萄球菌CVCC2258的黏附抑制作用。结果显示,3株菌对永生化猪小肠上皮细胞的黏附性均较强,黏附指数平均为：Y091231（2903．25±83．33）个／100cells、Y091221（2320．37±81．02）个／100ceils、Y224031（I965．43±37．72）个／100cells,菌株之间差异不显著（P〉0．05）。黏附抑制试验结果显示,Y091231对大肠埃希菌C83921和金黄色葡萄球菌CVCC2258的黏附抑菌能力最强（（99．4±3．17）％和（98．0±2．31）％）,Y091221对沙门菌的抑菌能力最强（（97．1±2．04）％）,Y224031对大肠埃希菌C83921比对另外2种致病菌的黏附抑制能力高,但又显著低于Y091231和Y091221（P〈0．05）,表明不同种乳酸菌对致病菌的黏附抑制作用具有菌种特异性。 相似文献
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Koenen ME Kramer J van der Hulst R Heres L Jeurissen SH Boersma WJ 《British poultry science》2004,45(3):355-366
1. The aim of the experiments was to evaluate whether selected probiotic lactobacillus strains have different immunomodulating effects in layer- and meat-type strain chickens. 2. Humoral and cellular specific and non-specific immune responses were studied by experiments on cellular proliferation, entry and survival of Salmonella bacteria in gut and spleen leukocytes, immunoglobulin isotypes and specific immunoglobulin titres. 3. The effects of two different feeding regimes (short and continuous feeding) and doses for administration of lactobacilli were studied. 4. The lactobacillus strains that were evaluated showed modulating effects on the immune system of layer- and meat-type chickens. 5. In meat-type strain chickens the lactobacilli had a stimulating effect when the chickens were young (up to 3 weeks) and the dose was relatively high, whereas in layer-type chickens a lower effective dose and discontinuous administration was also effective. 6. Immunoprobiotic lactobacilli can have a positive effect on humoral and cellular immune responses in layer- and meat-type strain chickens, but the lactobacillus strain to be used, the age of the animals and effective dose of lactobacilli to be administered need to be optimised. 相似文献
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[Objective] The paper was to isolate and identify probiotics in the intestine of laying hens. [Method] The intestinal probiotics in laying hens at peak period were isolated using conventional separation methods; the physical and chemical properties of target strains and in vitro antibacterial effects were measured. Moreover, the safety test of chicks was conducted. [Result] Four strains of lactobacillus were isolated from the jejunum of laying hens, including Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacillus acidophilus, L. delbrueckii subsp. Delbrueckii and L. delbrueckii subsp. Lactis, and their inhibition zone diameters were 18.30, 16.07, 11.45, 17.26 mm, respectively. One strain of Lactobacillus, L. brevis, was isolated from the cecum, with the inhibition zone diameter of 10.26 mm. Three strains of bacillus were isolated from the cecum, including Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus and B. licheniformis, and their inhibition zone diameters were 9.25, 8.46 and 8.37 mm, respectively. Daily drinking 2 billion units of viable bacteria was the safe dosage for chicks. [Conclusion] Eight strains of probiotics had certain inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli O_2, and had no toxic side effects to chicks. Lactobacillus had strong antibacterial effect on E. coli O_2, while the antibacterial effect of bacillus was relatively weak. 相似文献
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本文旨在探明一株具有益生潜质的枯草芽孢杆菌N2-10对肠道菌的抗菌作用及其活性成分,为深入评价该菌株的益生功能和益生机理奠定基础。以常见的肠道致病菌和有益菌为指示菌,采用抑菌圈法对该菌株发酵液成分的抑菌活性进行测定,并通过高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)对其中的活性成分进行分析。结果表明:枯草芽孢杆菌N2-10发酵液的氯仿和正丁醇提取液对供试菌无明显的抑制作用;脂肽类对大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌和沙门氏菌等肠道致病菌表现出明显的抑菌作用,而对肠道有益菌保加利亚乳杆菌抑制作用很弱,对嗜热链球菌则无抑制作用。脂肽粗提物的HPLC-ESI-MS/MS分析结果显示,脂肽粗提物中的脂肽类抗生素为伊枯草素家族中的C14~C17抗霉枯草菌素(Mycosubtilin)的同系物。因此推断,枯草芽孢杆菌N_2-10对肠道致病菌产生抑制作用依赖于其产生的脂肽抗生素Mycosubtilin。 相似文献
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本研究利用不同配方的培养基选择性分离、纯化不同生长营养需求的菌种,然后对所分离菌株作形态观察、生理生化鉴定,再用牛津杯法进行乳酸杆菌全菌液与上清液对大肠杆菌拮抗作用的对比试验。结果分别从鸡粪、牛粪、猪粪中分离、纯化出发酵乳杆菌、发状乳杆菌、木糖乳杆菌;乳酸杆菌培养上清液的拮抗作用大于全菌液;鸡源发酵乳杆菌对猪源大肠杆菌有较好的生物拮抗作用;猪源木糖乳杆菌及牛源发状乳杆菌对猪源大肠杆菌无生物拮抗作用。 相似文献
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C.J. Thorns M.G. Sojka I.M. McLaren M. Dibb-Fuller 《Research in veterinary science》1992,53(3):300-308
A panel of 13 monoclonal antibodies from different hybridomas was produced against a novel salmonella fimbrial antigen expressed predominantly by Salmonella enteritidis strains. The specificity of the monoclonal antibodies to this antigen (SEF14) was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using purified SEF14, immune electron microscopy and, with 11 monoclonal antibodies, the identification of a repeating protein subunit (14,300kDa) on the antigen. Blocking-ELISA with the monoclonal antibodies identified epitopes in at least three, non-overlapping clusters which appeared evenly distributed on SEF14 in immune electron microscopy. The use of the monoclonal antibodies in direct-binding ELISA on a range of salmonella serotypes suggested that the epitopes on SEF14 are highly conserved and were expressed by all the S enteritidis strains examined; some strains of S dublin and the only strain of S moscow available were the only other serotypes that expressed SEF14. A latex agglutination reagent based on a monoclonal antibody was developed and used to test for SEF14 on 280 strains (representing 120 serotypes in 24 serogroups of salmonellae) that had been grown on Sensitest agar for 18 hours at 37 degrees C. All S enteritidis strains (64) and most S dublin strains (28 of 33) produced SEF14 as did the two strains representing S blegdam and S moscow. SEF14 was not detected in any other strains of serotypes from serogroup D or from any other serogroup examined. 相似文献