共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
本文对双翅目昆虫侵袭时,奶牛个体所表现的护身行为差异性进行了研究.试验牛按胎次,产奶量相近的原则,选择了18头成牛健康的荷斯坦奶牛.试验前将试验牛拴系固定后,采用靠近探测法和触摸体表法,根据牛的具体行为反应程度将期分为温顺型、微敏感型、敏感型和神经质型等.试验期,每日跟踪观察1 h,并记录每5 min内各种类型牛的护身行为出现次数和飞来昆虫数目.试验证明:当奶牛受到双翅目昆虫侵袭时诱发的护身行为在个体之间的差异.神经质型的牛体表有少量双翅目昆虫飞来时,反应非常敏感;而温顺型牛对双翅目昆虫的袭击表现的护身反应很消极. 相似文献
4.
为了确定内蒙古地区侵袭牛的双翅目昆虫种类与数量及其与气候的相关性，并确定昆虫对牛体产生的护体行为反应与双翅目昆虫数量之间的相关性。在内蒙古包头市、锡林郭勒盟、呼伦贝尔市、赤峰市和通辽市各选取10头年龄相似、体况相近的荷斯坦奶牛，对当地气候，双翅目昆虫种类、数量以及牛引起护体行为进行测定与统计。结果表明：内蒙古主要牛产地气候的差异与双翅目昆虫的数量之间无相关性（P〉0．05）；侵袭牛的双翅目昆虫种类主要是家蝇、厩螫蝇，部分地区存在大量的东方角蝇；双翅目昆虫的侵袭引起牛的护体行为反应，在护体行为中摆耳、颤动皮肤、踢腿、甩头均与侵袭牛体特定部位的昆虫数量有显著相关性（P〈0．05），而牛的摆尾行为发生频率较高，但与昆虫数量无相关性（P〉0．05），形成习惯性摆厘． 相似文献
5.
为了研究荷斯坦奶牛受到双翅目昆虫侵袭时奶牛个体所表现的护身行为、外周血液中淋巴细胞亚群的变化规律,试验期间每日跟踪观察奶牛护身行为1 h,记录每5 min内侵袭奶牛的双翅目昆虫数目和奶牛的护身行为出现次数,定时采血用流式细胞仪检测外周血液中CD3+、CD4+、CD8+ T淋巴细胞和CD21+B淋巴细胞等的变化规律.结果表明:奶牛护身行为随飞来昆虫的数量而变化;外周血液中的CD3+、CD4+、CD21+水平随双翅目昆虫数量的增多而降低;CD8+水平随双翅目昆虫数量的增多而升高. 相似文献
6.
7.
科尔沁牛是乳肉兼用型地方良种牛，是科尔沁草原的主要放牧畜种，了解自由放牧的科尔沁牛母仔行为特征，对于做好日常饲养管理工作、充分发挥该品种的生产及种用优势具有十分重要的意义。 相似文献
8.
生物的社会行为是大自然之所以丰富多彩的一个重要原因。蜜蜂作为典型的真社会性昆虫，其复杂的社会行为的背后也有着相应的机理。而对于蜜蜂社会性的起源和演化，鉴于目前仍缺乏这一方向的系统性的研究，文章基于其他膜翅目昆虫的研究，提出了关于蜜蜂社会性的演化的猜想。 相似文献
9.
文章分析了"普通昆虫学"课程中昆虫行为部分教学的重要性以及在该部分教学中出现的问题,并提出了教学改革方法.昆虫行为部分的教学改革方法:一是通过引入国外教材作为补充、参考最新的研究成果等方式优化教学内容;二是改变教学观念,重视昆虫行为部分的教学,在学时分配上给予倾斜;三是采用灵活多样的教学方法,并增加实践教学环节.文章希... 相似文献
10.
11.
RA Laven 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2020,68(2):107-111
ABSTRACTAim: To estimate, ex vivo, the torque required to cause vertebral dislocation of cattle tails.Methods: Five tails from dairy cows, severed at the junction between the sacrum and the first caudal vertebra, were sourced from a slaughterhouse. Within 2 hours of slaughter, the severed end of each tail was clamped in a vice and a steel collar was placed halfway along the tail. A torque wrench was attached to the steel collar, which was then rotated to produce an audible and palpable vertebral dislocation, and the torque at the time of the break was recorded.Results: The maximum torque required to break a tail was 20?Nm, the minimum was 9.8?Nm, and the uncertainty was 4.9?Nm.Conclusion: The torque required to break a cow’s tail is unlikely to be applied accidentally if cattle are handled following recommended best practice. Thus if cattle on a farm can be shown to have broken tails due to manipulation by farm staff, cattle handling is not meeting the recommended best practice of the New Zealand Dairy Cattle Code of Welfare. 相似文献
12.
T.M. Brown-Brandl J.A. Nienaber R.A. Eigenberg T.L. Mader J.L. Morrow J.W. Dailey 《Livestock Science》2006,105(1-3):19-26
Heat stress in cattle causes decreases in feed intake and feed efficiency; in extreme cases, it can cause death. These losses amount to millions of dollars each year. A study was designed to determine severity of heat stress among four breeds of cattle. Throughout two summers, 256 feedlot heifers of four different breeds were observed. Respiration rates, panting scores, and surface temperatures were taken twice each day on 10 animals/breed for several weeks during the summers of 2002 and 2003. Twenty-four-hour behavior measurements were recorded for four heat-stress and four thermoneutral days. Results showed during the afternoon, Angus cattle (black) had the highest respiration rates, panting scores, and surface temperatures, followed by the MARC III (dark red), Gelbvieh (tan), and Charolais (white). Behavior data showed that heat stress increased drinking and standing behavior, and decreased eating, lying, and agonistic behaviors, and that dark-hided cattle adjusted their behavior more than light-hided cattle. Overall, it was found that breed of cattle with dark-hides were more affected by temperature changes and at peak temperatures than breeds of cattle with light-hides. 相似文献
13.
研究了日粮中C3和C4饲料组成不同时,牛不同组织中δ13C值的变化规律。18头12~14月龄的青年牛随机分为6组,分别饲喂C4植物含量为52.0%,61.6%,71.2%,80.8%,90.4%,100.0%的饲料,其他日粮成分为C3植物,132 d后屠宰。利用同位素比值质谱仪测定了牛尾毛、脱脂牛肉、粗脂肪、各种饲料的δ13C值。结果表明,牛组织中碳同位素组成主要受饲料的影响,随着时间的延长,饲喂同一种饲料的牛个体间碳同位素组成差异减小;牛尾毛、脱脂肌肉、粗脂肪中的δ13C值随着C4植物含量在牛饲料中的比例增大而升高,并且均与C4植物含量呈极显著的相关性(P＜0.01);牛尾毛、脱脂肌肉、粗脂肪中的δ13C值依次递减,三者之间相关性达到极显著水平(P＜0.01)。用牛组织中的δ13C值可以预测日粮中C4植物所占的比例,牛尾毛、脱脂肌肉、粗脂肪均可作为牛肉溯源的材料。 相似文献
14.
Helen E. Zulch Daniel S. Mills Ruth Lambert Robert M. Kirberger 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2012,7(4):252-258
A 30-month-old Labrador retriever bitch with a history of atopy was presented for acute-onset tail biting that was leading to self-mutilation. The problem began 8 months before consultation and was resolved after 2 months, but it recurred 3 months later and continued for 3 months until the time of consultation. The current episode was difficult to interrupt and was being controlled through the use of an Elizabethan collar. There had been no history of injury to the tail. On examination of the tail, an irregularity was palpated approximately midway on the dorsal surface. Radiographs of the tail showed soft-tissue swelling cranially and presence of an ossicle between the mid-caudal vertebrae. Mutilation stopped with administration of tramadol and paracetamol and started again when the medication was discontinued. No behavior modification was implemented. Although there is a possibility that the tramadol was treating a psychogenically driven self-mutilation behavior, it is more likely that pain was the initiating cause for the behavior. This case report highlights the importance of careful medical evaluation of suspected behavioral problems and discusses the possible use of tramadol in self-mutilation. 相似文献
15.
Sanne Van Beirendonck Bert Driessen Geert Verbeke Liesbet Permentier Vincent Van de Perre Rony Geers 《Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research》2012,7(2):88-93
Piglets are subjected to several painful procedures during their first week of life, including ear tagging, teeth clipping or grinding (although routinely prohibited in Europe), tail docking (although routinely prohibited in Europe), needle injections (vaccination and iron injection), and castration might be performed for male piglets. All these management practices cause pain and stress to the newborn piglets. The hypothesis of this experiment was that reducing painful interventions during the first week of life results in better zootechnical performance of the piglets, reduced piglet mortality, and that the overall welfare is improved. To investigate this, the 4 lightest piglets of the experimental group (EE) were not subjected to tail docking and teeth clipping or grinding. The 4 lightest piglets of the control group (CL) and the other piglets of the experimental group (EC) and the control group (CC) received treatments as the common practice. There were differences in behavior, but there were no differences regarding weight at weaning between CL and EE. However, mortality rate was higher in the lightest piglets, that is, CL (34.1%) and EE (23.0%), whereas mortality rate in the other piglets was much lower (9.0% for CC and 9.3% for EC). This information can be useful for a veterinarian to advise farmers on whether painful interventions should be performed. 相似文献
16.
17.
Kip E. Panter Bryan L. Stegelmeier Dale R. Gardner Clinton A. Stonecipher Stephen T. Lee Don Kitchen Adeline Brackett Charlie Davis 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(3):538
Salvia reflexa (lance-leaf sage)-contaminated alfalfa hay was fed to ~500 mixed-breed beef cattle. Within hours of exposure, nearly half of the cattle developed lethargy, anorexia, depression, and recumbency, followed by bellowing, colic, and death. Even though the uneaten contaminated hay was removed the first day, nearly 100 animals died within the first 48 h. Three of these cattle were examined postmortem, and tissues and hay samples were collected for microscopic and chemical analysis. Several days later, a smaller number of the clinically poisoned cattle developed neurologic disease with aberrant behavior, aggression, icterus, blindness, exhaustion, and death. A total of 165 cattle were fatally poisoned. Poisoned cattle had swollen, dark, mottled livers that had a prominent nutmeg-like lobular pattern on cut section. Histologically, there was severe centrilobular-to-panlobular hepatic necrosis with marked hepatocellular swelling, degeneration, and necrosis. The surviving cattle developed liver disease characterized by altered serum biochemical analyses and microscopic hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis. In subsequent biopsies and analysis, these lesions resolved within 6–7 mo. After confirming toxicity of the hay in cattle, goats, and mice, followed by a mouse bioassay–guided chemical fractionation process, Salvia reflexa was identified as the contaminant in the hay responsible for the hepatotoxicity. S. reflexa has not been reported previously to cause fatal hepatotoxicity in livestock in North America, to our knowledge. 相似文献
18.
19.
The current study reviews a 3-year record of slaughtered animals in Arusha abattoir to determine the causes of carcasses and
organ/offal condemnations. A total of 115,186 cattle, 61,551 sheep, 37,850 goats and 13,310 pigs were slaughtered. Out of
the slaughtered cattle, 8.6% were pregnant. Up to 125 (0.108%), 39 (0.063%), 40 (0.106%) and 132 (0.992%) of all cattle, sheep,
goats and pig carcasses, respectively, were totally condemned. Cysticercosis was the leading cause of total carcass condemnations
in cattle (0.051%) and in pig (1.397%), while emaciation accounted for 0.045% and 0.074% of carcass condemnations in sheep
and goats, respectively. Livers and lungs were the most condemned organs in all four animal species. The main cause of condemnations
of cattle livers was fasciolosis (8.6%), while stilesiosis in sheep and goats accounted for 8.1% and 7.3%, respectively. Ascariasis
(4.03%) was the only cause of liver condemnation in pigs. Pneumonia was the leading cause of lung condemnations at the rates
of 3.99%, 2.43% and 2.83% in cattle, sheep and goats, respectively. Because of their zoonotic nature, occurrences of hydatidosis,
cysticercosis, fasciolosis and tuberculosis may pose a public health risk. Thus, there is a need to introduce appropriate
control measures of livestock diseases to minimise the rate of infection and reduce economic losses. 相似文献
20.
M Williams S R Shaffer G B Garner S G Yates H L Tookey L D Kintner S L Nelson J T McGinity 《American journal of veterinary research》1975,36(9):1353-1357
Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Shreb) hay from a source known to cause "fescue foot" in grazing cattle was extracted with 80% ethanol. The ethanolic extract was further refined and fractionated into cation,nion, and neutral f fractions by ion-exchange chromatography. The cation fraction was partitioned with alkaline-chloroform to give chloroform-extractable cation and residual cation fractions. All fractions plus the crude ethanolic extract were assayed for toxic activity by intraperitoneal injection into 12 calves (weighting 152.4 to 241.3 kg each) over a 14-day period. Clinical signs of fescue foot were observed on the 5th day in calves given the anion and crude ethanolic extracts. Lameness, swelling, and reddening of the rear coronary bands, discoloration of the tip of the tail, and other signs of fescue foot were seen. Microscopically, coronary bands and tail tips of affected calves had blood vessels with thick walls and small lumens. 相似文献