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1.
通过投喂经蛋氨酸及裂壶藻强化的卤虫,研究其对半滑舌鳎稚鱼(初始体长1.67±0.14cm)生长性能、主要消化酶活性(淀粉酶、胃蛋白酶、类胰蛋白酶)、碱性磷酸酶活性及胆囊收缩素(CCK)、甲状腺素(T4)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)和皮质醇浓度的影响.试验设3个实验组(蛋氨酸组、裂壶藻组和蛋氨酸加裂壶藻组),分别投喂经蛋氨酸、裂壶藻及蛋氨酸十裂壶藻强化的卤虫,对照组投喂未经强化的卤虫.试验进行16d,每4d取样1次.结果显示,裂壶藻组的体长和体重在试验结束时处于最高水平,体重显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),体长在12d时显著高于其他组(P＜0.05).裂壶藻组碱性磷酸酶活力在16d时显著高于蛋氨酸组和对照组,类胰蛋白酶活力在16d时显著高于其他组(P＜0.05),T3含量在12d时显著高于蛋氨酸组及对照组,T4水平在12d时显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).蛋氨酸加裂壶藻组淀粉酶活力在12d时显著高于蛋氨酸组(P＜0.05).对照组的CCK含量在4d时显著高于蛋氨酸组和蛋氨酸加裂壶藻组(P＜0.05),12d显著高于3个实验组,16d时显著高于裂壶藻组(P＜0.05).蛋氨酸组的皮质醇含量在4d时显著低于其他3个试验组(P＜0.05),8d和16d时显著低于对照组及蛋氨酸加裂壶藻组(P＜0.05).其碱性磷酸酶、淀粉酶活力及T4和T3水平在试验前期都较高,说明蛋氨酸强化的卤虫投喂对半滑舌鳎稚鱼的生长及激素水平有较微弱的促进作用,可能是由于卤虫无节幼体含有的蛋氨酸基本可以满足鱼体生长需要.  相似文献   

2.
在禁食胁迫下,对在盐度为0(S0)和30(S30)水体中的凡纳滨对虾肌肉游离氨基酸(FAA)的浓度变化进行测定.结果表明,禁食15d后,两种盐度中的凡纳滨对虾肌肉游离氨基酸总量均有所升高,但其中游离的牛磺酸(Tau)、苏氨酸(Thr)、脯氨酸(Pro)、丙氨酸(Ala)、半胱氨酸(Cys)、缬氨酸(Val)、蛋氨酸(Met)、异亮氨酸(Ile)、亮氨酸(Leu)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)、赖氨酸(Lys)、组氨酸(His)的浓度却有不同程度的降低,脯氨酸(Pro)在禁食15d后的浓度降为0,牛磺酸(Tau)、苏氨酸(Thr)、丙氨酸(Ala)、半胱氨酸(Cys)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)、赖氨酸(Lys)的降幅也比较显著(P<0.05);但甘氨酸(Gly)、天门冬氨酸(Asp)、酪氨酸(Tyr)、精氨酸(Arg)等主要游离氨基酸的浓度却显著升高,从而使游离氨基酸总浓度升高.实验表明,凡纳滨对虾肌肉里游离氨基酸浓度在禁食胁迫下降解代谢强度不一,饲料中添加脯氨酸(Pro)、精氨酸(Arg)和赖氨酸(Lys)等游离氨基酸后,可能会对凡纳滨对虾的生长起到促进作用.  相似文献   

3.
黑龙江茴鱼卵的营养成分分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
采用常规营养物质测定方法对黑龙江茴鱼卵营养成分及氨基酸含量进行了分析。结果表明,黑龙江茴鱼卵鲜样中粗蛋白含量31.57%、粗脂肪含量4.93%、粗灰分含量3.67%、水分含量56.53%;总氨基酸中,谷氨酸(Glu)、亮氨酸(Leu)、赖氨酸(Lys)、天冬氨酸(Asp)、丙氨酸(Ala)含量较高,占氨基酸总量的46.69%;游离氨基酸中,苏氨酸(Thr)、谷氨酸(Glu)、丝氨酸(Ser)、赖氨酸(Lys)、亮氨酸(Leu)含量较高,占氨基酸总量的57.35%。游离氨基酸占总氨基酸含量的0.45%。  相似文献   

4.
不同强化饵料对卤虫必需脂肪酸组成的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
在实验室内以发酵米粉为主饲料培养卤虫,分别用小球藻、等鞭金藻、新月菱形藻、螺旋藻粉和强化剂V对7日龄拟成虫期卤虫[体长(4.10±0.69)mm]强化6 h和12 h。试验结果表明:发酵米粉养殖的卤虫脂肪酸组成中有DHA。强化剂V可极显著提高卤虫DHA、EPA和5种必需脂肪酸总量(ΣEFA),强化6 h增幅分别为70.7%、27.3%和15.6%。用等鞭金藻强化12 h,可极显著地提高卤虫亚麻酸和ΣEFA含量,增幅分别为149%和4.1%。用新月菱形藻强化12 h,可极显著地提高EPA和ΣEFA含量,增幅分别为35.2%和7.2%。用螺旋藻粉强化可提高卤虫亚油酸含量,增幅为7.1%。而小球藻对卤虫HUFA基本无强化效果。  相似文献   

5.
通过投喂经甘露寡糖强化的卤虫无节幼体,探索其对半滑舌鳎稚鱼(初始体长为1.4 cm左右)生长性能、肠道发育和非特异性免疫水平的影响。试验设两个处理组(对照组和甘露寡糖组),分别投喂经裂壶藻或甘露寡糖+裂壶藻强化的卤虫无节幼体。试验进行34 d,每17 d取样1次。结果显示,17 d时甘露寡糖组体长显著大于对照组(P0.05)。两组间的特定生长率和存活率无显著性差异(P0.05)。RNA/DNA和protein/DNA的比值在17 d时两组间均无显著性差异(P0.05);34 d时甘露寡糖组的RNA/DNA和protein/DNA比值均大于对照组。甘露寡糖组17 d时淀粉酶比活力和34 d时胰蛋白酶比活力显著高于对照组(P0.05)。甘露寡糖组的过氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和溶菌酶活性均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。甘露寡糖组的微绒毛长度和皱襞高度显著大于对照组(P0.05);黏膜厚度大于对照组,但无显著性差异(P0.05)。试验结果表明,甘露寡糖可以提高半滑舌鳎稚鱼肠道发育和非特异性免疫水平。  相似文献   

6.
通过投喂经甘露寡糖强化的卤虫无节幼体,探索其对半滑舌鳎稚鱼(初始体长为1.4 cm左右)生长性能、肠道发育和非特异性免疫水平的影响。试验设两个处理组(对照组和甘露寡糖组),分别投喂经裂壶藻或甘露寡糖+裂壶藻强化的卤虫无节幼体。试验进行34 d,每17 d取样1次。结果显示,17 d时甘露寡糖组体长显著大于对照组(P0.05)。两组间的特定生长率和存活率无显著性差异(P0.05)。RNA/DNA和protein/DNA的比值在17 d时两组间均无显著性差异(P0.05);34 d时甘露寡糖组的RNA/DNA和protein/DNA比值均大于对照组。甘露寡糖组17 d时淀粉酶比活力和34 d时胰蛋白酶比活力显著高于对照组(P0.05)。甘露寡糖组的过氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和溶菌酶活性均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。甘露寡糖组的微绒毛长度和皱襞高度显著大于对照组(P0.05);黏膜厚度大于对照组,但无显著性差异(P0.05)。试验结果表明,甘露寡糖可以提高半滑舌鳎稚鱼肠道发育和非特异性免疫水平。  相似文献   

7.
盐度对凡纳滨对虾肌肉中游离氨基酸含量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
通过逐渐升高盐度的方法,分别测定盐度为0、10、20、30和40时凡纳滨对虾肌肉中游离氨基酸(FAA)的含量,实验周期40 h。结果表明:在盐度0~40时,总游离氨基酸(TOFAA)、必需氨基酸(EAA)、非必需氨基酸(NEAA)和鲜味氨基酸(TAA)的含量都随盐度的增加而明显升高(P0.05);特别是当盐度从20增加到30时,肌肉中TOFAA、EAA、NEAA和TAA含量的增高幅度最明显。在凡纳滨对虾肌肉FAA中,含量最高的是甘氨酸(Gly),其次是脯氨酸(Pro)、精氨酸(Arg)和丙氨酸(Ala)。在盐度为0~40范围内,肌肉中主要的渗透压调节因子是甘氨酸(Gly)、脯氨酸(Pro)、精氨酸(Arg)、丙氨酸(Ala)和牛磺酸(Tau);而天冬氨酸(Asp)、丝氨酸(Ser)、缬氨酸(Val)、甲硫氨酸(Met)、异亮氨酸(Ile)、亮氨酸(Leu)和酪氨酸(Tyr)的含量在各盐度组未呈现显著变化(P0.05)。在淡水养殖凡纳滨对虾出售前的40 h,通过提高水体盐度来提高凡纳滨对虾肉质的鲜味是完全可行的。  相似文献   

8.
为探讨牛磺酸强化卤虫无节幼体对其体成分的影响,试验分别以0、10、100、1 000mg/L浓度的牛磺酸强化卤虫无节幼体12h和24h后,采用国标法检测卤虫无节幼体水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙和磷的含量。试验结果显示:100mg/L牛磺酸强化卤虫无节幼体12h能显著提高其粗蛋白(P0.05)、粗脂肪、钙和磷的含量,显著降低其粗灰分含量(P0.05);10mg/L牛磺酸强化卤虫无节幼体24h能显著提高其粗蛋白和钙的含量(P0.05),显著降低其粗脂肪和粗灰分含量(P0.05);100mg/L牛磺酸强化卤虫无节幼体24h能显著提高其粗蛋白、钙和磷的含量(P0.05),显著减低其粗脂肪和粗灰分含量(P0.05)。表明:本试验条件下10mg/L牛磺酸强化卤虫无节幼体24h能显著改善卤虫无节幼体的体成分。  相似文献   

9.
为探究β-胡萝卜素强化对卤虫(Artemia)体内类胡萝卜素组成和含量的影响，以渤海湾卤虫为研究对象，设置5个β-胡萝卜素强化剂梯度(1、3、5、7、9 mg·L-1),并设1个不添加β-胡萝卜素的对照组，分析添加不同浓度β-胡萝卜素强化剂对卤虫无节幼体和成虫体内类胡萝卜素组成和含量变化的影响。结果表明，营养强化后，卤虫体内检测到β-胡萝卜素、角黄素和海胆酮3种类胡萝卜素；卤虫无节幼体和成虫体内β-胡萝卜素含量随着强化剂量增大显著上升(P<0.05);无节幼体体内海胆酮和成虫体内角黄素含量变化大致上与β-胡萝卜素强化剂梯度变化表现出显著相关性(P<0.05)。饥饿12 h后，强化组体内β-胡萝卜素含量明显下降，但依然显著高于对照组(P<0.05),表现出较好的富集效果。因此，通过营养强化的卤虫，不仅可以作为外源类胡萝卜素的生物载体，还可以利用其体内代谢转化，为养殖苗种提供多级类胡萝卜素营养。  相似文献   

10.
盐度骤变南美白对虾肌肉中游离氨基酸的组成分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
吕敏 《淡水渔业》2005,(Z1):30-32
本实验将南美白对虾分别放入盐度为0‰、10‰、20‰、30‰、40‰、50‰水体暂养5 min,取其肌肉测定游离氨基酸含量.结果表明,在南美白对虾肌肉中,游离氨基酸含量最高的是甘氨酸(Gly),其次是精氨酸(Arg)、脯氨酸(Pro)和丙氨酸(Ala).在5 min内,盐度为10‰时,游离氨基酸总浓度达最高,为221.587 μmol/g鲜重,比盐度为0‰和50‰时分别提高11.7%和10.85%,差异显著(P＜0.05).其中,天冬氨酸(Asp)丝氨酸(Ser)、甘氨酸(Gly)、半胱氨酸(Cys)、缬氨酸(Val)、蛋氨酸(Met)、亮氨酸(Leu)、酪氨酸(Tyr)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)、赖氨酸(Lys)、精氨酸(Arg)等11种氨基酸在不同盐度中其浓度变化存在显著差异(P＜0.05),其余无显著变化.  相似文献   

11.
ABSTRACT:   In the present study, Schizochytrium limacinum OUC88, a thraustochytrid with high content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n −3), was used as feed for rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia franciscana . The rotifer and Artemia were harvested at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24-h intervals, analyzed for fatty acid composition, and compared with the control which fed on yeast only. The highest DHA content resulted from an enrichment period of 12 h for both fed organisms, reached 13.4 and 10.9% of the total fatty acids (TFAs) in rotifers and Artemia nauplii, respectively, and the DHA level reduced sharply if enrichment time was longer than 12 h. The pseudoalbinism rate of turbot Scophthalmus maximus juveniles fed enriched rotifers and Artemia nauplii reduced greatly (40% lower than in control group). Thus, enrichment of rotifers and Artemia nauplii by DHA-rich Schizochytrium limacinum OUC88 may provide a practical strategy for feeding fish juveniles in aquaculture.  相似文献   

12.
A docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 22:6(n-3), rich strain of Schizochytrium sp. was used in a spray-dried form to evaluate the enhancement of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) in Artemia franciscana nauplii (Utah biotype) and the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis . This heterotrophic microalga was selected because of its high concentration of the longest chain HUFAs in the n-3 and n-6 series, DHA and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), 22:5(n-6), respectively. When 24-h-old Artemia nauplii were fed 400 mg/L of the algae for 24 h, the DHA content of the nauplii went from undetectable levels to 0.8% of dry weight and the omega-3 HUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), 20:5n-3, content went from 0.1% to 0.5% of dry weight in the nauplii. Similarly, 22:5(n-6) increased in the nauplii from undetectable levels to 0.4% of dry weight, with a concomitant increase in arachidonic acid, (20:4n-6), from trace to 0.3% of dry weight even though there was no arachidonic acid in the algal biomass. Similar enrichment patterns were observed in rotifers. The results suggest that spray-dried cells of Schizochytrium sp. are effective in enriching Artemia naupli and rotifers in both n-3 and n-6 HUFAs. The results also suggest that Artemia nauplii and rotifers are capable of readily retroconverting 22:6(n-3) to 20:5(n-3) and 22:5(n-6) to 20:4(n-6) through the process of β-oxidation, a well-known process in mammals.  相似文献   

13.
The present study includes the evaluation of morphological changes in the digestive tract of larval, stomachless fish silver bream ( Vimba vimba ) fed with various diets – live Artemia nauplii, commercial feed Aglo Norse (NOR) and semi-purified formulated diets: casein–gelatin (CG), dipeptide-protein (50P), dipeptide (100P), no-arginine dipeptide diet (100Pw/oArg) and a free amino acid (FAA) mixture diet. The supranuclear area of enterocytes in the posterior intestine contained enlarged absorptive vacuoles in the FAA, 100P and 100Pw/oArg groups, compared with the remaining groups. Hepatocytes' cytoplasm in fish fed with FAA, 100P and 100Pw/oArg contained mainly glycogen, and no lipid vacuoles were found. Fish fed with 100Pw/oArg showed the lowest hepatocyte surface areas while in those fed with 50P, the largest nuclei diameters were observed. Fish fed with Artemia , NOR and CG diets showed significantly ( P <0.05) higher number of proliferating cells compared with the remaining groups. Chromogranin A staining showed endocrine-immunoreactive cells (CgA-IR) in the taste buds in the oral cavity and in the enterocytes' supranuclear areas of the anterior and posterior intestine. We conclude that the growth rate and histological examination of the digestive tract in the 50P group of silver bream showed no nutritional deficiency.  相似文献   

14.
Different enrichment procedures of the free amino acid (FAA) methionine were tested for Artemia nauplii. A direct enrichment protocol (methionine dissolved in the culture water) was compared with liposome enrichment protocols that varied in their membrane composition. During 16 h of direct enrichment in 5.3 mM methionine, the nauplii increased their content of free methionine between 20 and 30 times compared to the unenriched control (43.1±1.2 and 68.4±3.8 pmol·nauplius−1 in two separate experiments vs. 2.4±1.0 pmol·nauplius−1 in control). However, by encapsulating the identical amount of methionine into liposomes made from pure egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (PC) (>99% PC) and cholesterol, the nauplii content of free methionine reached 148.8±27.6 pmol·nauplius−1, which is approximately 60 times more than in the unenriched control. Another liposome composition tested, made from crude egg yolk PC (>60% PC) and cholesterol, resulted in 90.5±4.1 pmol·nauplius−1. The enriched nauplii still retained 80% of the free methionine after 8 h of incubation at conditions simulating feeding for Atlantic halibut larvae (13°C, 33.5 g·l−1).

In conclusion: (1) Artemia nauplii can successfully be enriched with free methionine, (2) the high retention of free methionine in the Artemia nauplii following transfer to fish tanks shows that it is possible to offer fish larvae a feed with a high level of FAA, based on enrichment of Artemia nauplii.  相似文献   


15.
Decapsulation of Artemia spp. cysts in strong hypochlorite solutions reportedly increases the number of nauplii that hatch. Commercial cysts of Artemia franciscano were subjected to four decapsulation methods prior to hatching them in aerated seawater. Samples were removed from the hatch vessels every 5 h from 15 through 45 h, and fully hatched nauplii were counted. The experiment was performed three times. No significant difference was seen between mean numbers of control nauplii and nauplii obtained using the decapsulation method that yielded the best hatch: oxidation for 15 min in equal parts Clorox® and seawater plus 6 mL of a 40% NaOH solution, followed by reduction with 100 mL of 0.7 M sodium thiosulfate. A third treatment was inferior to either of these, and two others produced very low yields. It was concluded that of the methods evaluated, none is superior to no treatment at all, and some are clearly detrimental to developing Artemia embryos.  相似文献   

16.
Previous studies have indicated that natural zooplankton, the natural prey organisms of marine fish larvae, is superior to enriched Artemia spp. nauplii in supporting survival, growth and normal development of pigmentation and eye migration in Atlantic halibut larvae. The present study was designed to compare the amino acid dynamics in copepods harvested from a natural lagoon with that of enriched Artemia franciscana nauplii. The natural zooplankton in the present study was dominated by Temora longicornis, but varied in its developmental stage composition, apparent nutritional quality, amount and availability. The protein content in natural zooplankton varied from 31% to 54% of dry mass (DM) compared to 31% in enriched Artemia nauplii. The amount of free amino acids (FAA) in relation to protein was 14% in enriched Artemia nauplii and varied between 16% and 27% in zooplankton in two consecutive seasons. The FAA composition of zooplankton in 1996 was unaffected by stage and season, and showed a species-specific pattern. In response to starvation, two patterns in the amino acid dynamics of copepods were found. The first, exhibited by the major nonessential amino acids (NEAA), showed a continuous reduction in individual amount, while the second pattern, exhibited by the minor nonessential amino acids and all the essential FAA, had an initial increase followed by a reduction. It is suggested that the protein amount in DHA Selco™ (INVE)-enriched Artemia nauplii is too low in order to maximise the growth potential of some marine fish larvae as cod and halibut.  相似文献   

17.
Nauplii of the brine shrimp, Artemia , and cultures of the soil nematode, Panagrellus redivivus , were fed a suspension of the water-insoluble antibacterial Romet-30 (sulfadimethoxine plus ormetoprim) to determine if they could be used as a mechanism for delivery of the drug to larval penaeid shrimp.
Romet-30 was added to groups of brine shrimp nauplii and nematodes in 1 L beakers to achieve a concentration of 3 mg of drug per ml of seawater. After a 4 h uptake period, predetermined numbers of organisms were assayed for antibiotic content using the micro-plate diffusion method and a Romet-30 sensitive strain of Vibrio alginolyticus as the indicator. The resulting zones of inhibition were compared to that of a standard Kirby-Bauer sensitivity disc containing 25 μg of the drug that was placed on each plate as standard control. Negative controls consisted of equal numbers of nauplii and nematodes that were not exposed to the antibiotic. Artemia nauplii and nematodes accumulated approximately 0.1 μg of the drug per nauplius and approximately 0.25 μg per nematode. They exhibited no signs of toxicity from exposure to the drug and contained the antibiotic in sufficient quantity to provide a theoretical therapeutic dose of the drug when fed to penaeid larvae.
In subsequent tests, normal and diseased larval Penaeus stylirostris readily accepted Romet-30 enriched Artemia . Diseased larvae fed the drug in this manner exhibited a statistically greater overall survival and a greater survival to the post-larval stage by Student's t -test at the 5% significance level.  相似文献   

18.
Tail muscle tissue free amino acids (FAA) concentration is reported for subadult (4.3 g) Litopenaeus vannamei fed diets containing only protein‐bound amino acids, crystalline lysine as a supplement to protein‐bound lysine, and only crystalline amino acids (CAA). FAA were determined in shrimp at 0.00, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 h postfeeding. Highest total tissue concentrations of essential amino acids and individual amino acids were typically observed 4 h postfeeding for shrimp fed intact and crystalline lysine‐supplemented feeds. Those shrimp offered diets containing only CAA showed no tissue maxima. Similar uptake patterns for lysine shown by shrimp fed the intact and crystalline lysine‐supplemented diet indicate the potential use of small amounts of crystalline lysine in shrimp feeds.  相似文献   

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