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Shiren Song María del Mar Hernández Ignacio Provedo Cristina M. Menéndez 《Euphytica》2014,195(2):259-277
The main objective of this research was the evaluation of the variability present in a segregating wine grape population derived from a cross between Graciano × Tempranillo, two Spanish varieties, in order to select improved genotypes with potential for producing high-quality wines in a climate change scenario. For that purpose, the phenotypic segregation of 16 agronomic traits related to production and phenology and 11 enological traits related to technical and phenolic maturity was studied in the progeny for three consecutive years. All traits presented transgressive segregation and continuous variation. Year effect was significant for all traits except total, extractable and skin anthocyanins content. However, a high level of genotype consistency for enological traits was revealed by repeatabilities and correlations between years. Significant correlations among traits were observed but most associations were weak. Furthermore, the CAPS (Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence) marker for the VvmybA genotype was tested to determine whether it would be useful in indirect selection for berry anthocyanins content. The results showed that the number of homozygous and heterozygous genotypes for the functional colour allele adjusted to a 1:1 segregation ratio, and that homozygous genotypes had significantly higher anthocyanins content. Principal component analysis found eight variables that contributed up to 80 % of the phenotypic variability present in the population. Seven groups of hybrids were distinguished based on ripening time, cluster weight, berry weight and anthocyanins content by cluster analysis; and fourteen genotypes were pre-selected for further research. 相似文献
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Currently, the time of grape harvest is normally determined according to the sugar level in the pulp of the berry. Nonetheless, the stage of maturation in grape seeds should be taken into account more frequently to decide the appropriate harvest period. There are chemical and sensory analyses available to assess stage of maturation of grape seeds but they are destructive and time-consuming. Hyperspectral imaging is an alternative technology to characterize the grape seeds according to their chemical attributes, and the current work aimed to non-destructively characterize grape seeds in regard of the variety and stage of maturation. For this purpose, 56 samples of seeds from two red grape varieties (Tempranillo and Syrah) and one white variety (Zalema) in two kinds of soil were selected to assess their features based on the reflectance in the near-infrared (NIR) spectra by using prediction models (partial least squares regression) and multivariate analysis methods (principal component analysis and general discriminant analysis). In this study, a reliable methodology for predicting the stage of maturation was developed, and it was shown that it was possible to distinguish the variety of grape and even the type of soil from hyperspectral images of grape seeds. 相似文献
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Summary Alternative strategies of multi-site testing of advanced lines in the northern wheat belt of New South Wales have been evaluated, using genetic parameters for large plot grain yield and hill plot harvest index estimated from dryland and irrigated trials at regional sites during 1975–1981. The average pairwise genetic correlation of large plot grain yields recorded at different sites within years was 0.45±.03, with a mean repeatability within trials of 0.56±.05. Harvest index measured in 20-grain hill plots in 1978 showe genetic correlations of 0.98±.08 with plot yield at the same site, and 0.39±0.06 with plot yield assessed at other sites in the same year.The genetic correlation between harvest index in hill plots and total biological yield in large plots at the same site was 0.84±.13, the relationship showing no evidence of curvilinearity. Selection for harvest index in hill plots is therefore expected to lead to an increase in biological yield as well as grain yield in the breeding populations studied. Quantitative genetic theory suggests that the response to selection for grain yield can be increased by approximately 40% with an initial screening using hill plot harvest index at three sites instead of one, and reallocation of resources in the first stage of large plot yield assessment to include 6–8 sites, rather than dryland and irrigated trials at a single location. 相似文献
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BGA土壤调理剂在风沙土上的施用效果研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了解决宁夏土地沙化问题,提高风沙土土壤质量和土地生产力,通过田间试验研究了BGA土壤调理剂对风沙土土壤理化性质和作物生长发育的影响,评价了BGA土壤调理剂的施用效果。研究结果表明,与不施肥相比,施用BGA土壤调理剂改善了风沙土土壤理化性质,促进了酿酒葡萄、樱桃番茄和甘草的生长发育,显著提高了酿酒葡萄和樱桃番茄的产量,改善了酿酒葡萄和甘草品质;与配方施肥相比,施用BGA土壤调理剂改善了风沙土土壤理化性质,促进了酿酒葡萄和樱桃番茄的生长发育,显著降低了甘草产量,改善了酿酒葡萄品质。施用BGA土壤调理剂大幅度增加了生产投入成本,建议进一步降低BGA土壤调理剂的生产成本或与化肥配合施用。 相似文献
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基于GIS的葡萄园土壤养分管理及平衡施肥研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用传统统计和地统计相结合的方法,对面积约200 hm~2的孟酄村葡萄园0～30 cm土壤养分进行了空间变异特性和分区平衡施肥技术研究。结果表明,土壤N、P、Mn、Zn、S变异较大,测试值变异系数在35.1%～63.6%之间。土壤N、Mn含量空间分布趋势以大块状变异为主,具有较强的渐变性分布规律。而土壤P、K、Zn、B含量空间分布则以小块状变异为主。基于土壤养分空间分布规律的分区平衡施肥技术的应用,能够大幅度增加葡萄产量,显著提高经济效益。分区平衡施肥与常规施肥相比,葡萄增产幅度为13.7%～14.8%,增收幅度为17 040～17 820元/hm~2。 相似文献
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Effects of Long-term Fertilizer N Reduction on Winter Grain and Sugar Beet Yields
The results of recent field experiments concerning the effect of long-term N-reduction on the yield and quality of sugar beet, winter wheat and winter barley on plots which had previously had received ample amounts of N are studied in this paper.
The yield and quality of crops harvested on plots where N-dressings had been reduced for 6–8 years were similar to those of crops grown on plots where N-application had been reduced for only 1 year. Grain yield of winter wheat and winter barley grown without any N-application decreased to about 60 % of amounts normally harvested under local conditions with recommended N dressings, whereas the white sugar yield still remained at 90 %. The yields decreased slightly with an increase in the duration of the experiments. Yields of both cereals and beets remained constant within each level of fertilization, even 6 years after inition of trials with 50, 75 and 125 % of locally recommended N dressings.
On plots that did not receive nitrogen fertilization, N-contents of grain were between 1.5 and 1.7 % for winter wheat and 1.0 and 1.6 % N for winter barley. These contents remained constant over a trial period of 6 years. The amount of annual export of 55–91 kg N/ha also remained constant. Limited N availability causes a decrease in grain protein content rather than in grain yield.
Compared to winter grain species, sugar beet (with 74–117 kg N/ha in the beet body) could realize the highest annual export of nitrogen from the plot. Differences in annual N export existing between the various locations of the plots cannot be explained by differences in soil quality. Continuous high yields that were found even without any N-dressings may be explained by asymbiotic N-fixation, deposition of atmospheric N and a progressive decrease in soil N with 17–56 kg N/ha removed from soil resources annually. 相似文献
The results of recent field experiments concerning the effect of long-term N-reduction on the yield and quality of sugar beet, winter wheat and winter barley on plots which had previously had received ample amounts of N are studied in this paper.
The yield and quality of crops harvested on plots where N-dressings had been reduced for 6–8 years were similar to those of crops grown on plots where N-application had been reduced for only 1 year. Grain yield of winter wheat and winter barley grown without any N-application decreased to about 60 % of amounts normally harvested under local conditions with recommended N dressings, whereas the white sugar yield still remained at 90 %. The yields decreased slightly with an increase in the duration of the experiments. Yields of both cereals and beets remained constant within each level of fertilization, even 6 years after inition of trials with 50, 75 and 125 % of locally recommended N dressings.
On plots that did not receive nitrogen fertilization, N-contents of grain were between 1.5 and 1.7 % for winter wheat and 1.0 and 1.6 % N for winter barley. These contents remained constant over a trial period of 6 years. The amount of annual export of 55–91 kg N/ha also remained constant. Limited N availability causes a decrease in grain protein content rather than in grain yield.
Compared to winter grain species, sugar beet (with 74–117 kg N/ha in the beet body) could realize the highest annual export of nitrogen from the plot. Differences in annual N export existing between the various locations of the plots cannot be explained by differences in soil quality. Continuous high yields that were found even without any N-dressings may be explained by asymbiotic N-fixation, deposition of atmospheric N and a progressive decrease in soil N with 17–56 kg N/ha removed from soil resources annually. 相似文献
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香蕉枯萎病不同感病级别植株根际与非根际土壤微生物物种多样性研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了了解香蕉枯萎病患病蕉园土壤生态系统中的微生物群落特征以及香蕉植株枯萎病感病等级与土壤微生物群落结构的相关性。本研究于2010年采集了海南省的尖峰、冲坡和十月田3个典型香蕉枯萎病患病样地中健康植株和不同感病级别植株根际与非根际土壤样品共30份,采用微生物平板计数法分别研究了3个香蕉枯萎病典型患病样地中的土壤微生物物种多样性。结果表明：同一患病样地根际与非根际土壤中三大类群微生物的数量和种类均从感病级别高、感病级别低到健康植株持续增加,病原菌数量从感病级别高、感病级别低到健康植株持续降低。健康植株和不同感病级别植株根际土壤中的微生物数量均明显高于非根际,体现了根际效应。就细菌和放线菌来看,感病植株的根际效应最明显。 相似文献
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《Soil Technology》1997,10(1):35-45
Ten 25 m2 runoff plots at the Hilton experimental site, east Shropshire, UK, have been used to compare the physicochemical properties of loamy sand plot soils and sediment eroded from the plots over one year. Sediment contained more sand (2 mm–60 μm) and less clay (< 2 μm), silt (2–60 μm) and coarse fraction (> 2 mm) than soil. Erosion rates increased with slope and proportionally more silt and particularly clay were eroded on steeper slopes. Selective clay depletion has serious implications for soil structure and fertility. Correlations existed between the organic matter contents and particle size distributions of soil and sediment, but the sediment had less organic matter and lower pH values than soil. Sediment also contained lower concentrations of calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese and phosphorus than soil. Relationships between erosion and soil textural change appear to be partly technique-dependent, which suggests more uniformity in approach would be beneficial in studies on the effects of erosion on soil fertility. 相似文献
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R.-C. Yang D. Stanton S. F. Blade J. Helm D. Spaner S. Wright D. Domitruk 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2006,192(4):284-294
Classification of test sites used for cultivar trials into groups with similar within‐group site performance and response (isoyield groups) is an important step towards identification of appropriate cultivars that are best suited for different productivity levels in farm fields. The objective of this study was to determine isoyield environments in the Canadian prairies based on the analysis of cultivar trials consolidated from individual provinces for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Yield data for the analysis were taken from 324 replicated trials at 84 sites across the prairies during 1995–2003. The combined use of regression and cluster analyses of the data normalized for averaging the multi‐year unbalanced data led to a stratification of the 84 sites into 13 isoyield groups. A comparison was made of the distributions of the variability among and within groups according to three modes of grouping: isoyield groups, soil zones and agroecoregions. There was more variability among isoyield groups and correspondingly less within the groups than that among and within soil zones or agroecoreions. Similar contrasting pattern existed for the variance components involving genotype–environment interaction (GEI), although the GEI variability was generally small under all three modes of grouping. Relationships of site sensitivity (regression coefficient) and stability (coefficient of determination) with site productivity were shown to be a useful aid for selecting a subset of test sites in an effort to improve efficiency and quality of future cultivar testing. Thus, isoyield analysis should be a valuable tool for subsetting heterogeneous environments and for reducing GEI impact in cultivar testing and recommendation. 相似文献
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Soil organic matter and erosion processes on arable loamy sand soils in the west midlands of England
《Soil Technology》1991,4(1):19-31
Plot studies at the Hilton experimental site, Shropshire (U.K.) show that small reductions in soil organic content markedly increase erodibility and erosion rates. Soil organic material varies vertically within crusting topsoils, with more organic-rich material ingressing to a ‘filtration pavement’ beneath the surface crust. Consequently, the organic content of soils eroded from plots is less than in situ plot soil. Soil organic content decreased through time on bare soils. 相似文献
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木本植物物候特性在研究植物群落演替、生态系统物质循环及气候变化等方面具有重要意义。以且末地区杏树、银白杨、白柳、桑树和葡萄5种木本植物物候为研究对象，采用趋势分析、显著性检验、Mann-Kendall突变检测等方法，分析植物物候变化特性及其与气温的关系。结果表明：（1）物候期的变化特征为：杏树、银白杨、白柳、桑树和葡萄的展叶始期、始花期提前，叶色全变期推后，末花期、落叶末期各不相同。杏树、桑树和葡萄的生长季延长，银白杨、白柳略微缩短。（2）杏树、桑树和葡萄的物候特征变化较为显著，银白杨、白柳不显著。（3）植物物候变化的总趋势为：春季物候提前，秋季物候推后，生长季延长，与气温的变化趋势一致。 相似文献
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Summary Partial resistance to powdery mildew in spring barley was evaluated in three plot types: large isolation plots, in 1.4 m2 plots in chessboard design with guard plots of spring wheat and in single rows. Percentage leaf area covered by powdery mildew was scored four to six times during the season and partial resistance was characterized by the area under the disease progress curve. Varietal differences were revealed in al three plot designs, differences between the most resistant and susceptible genotypes being of a factor five. Differences between varieties decreased with decreasing plot size. The relationship between single scores of amount of powdery mildew on the upper four leaves and the area under the disease progress curve was high in all plot designs during the first two to three weeks after heading, allowing selection for the trait by one or two scorings. Differential ranking of varieties between different plot designs was observed, and is assumed to be due to increasing plot interference with reduced plot size and reduced distance between plots. A reliable selection for partial resistance could be made in large isolation plots and in 1.4 m2 plots, but hardly in single rows. 相似文献
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Assessing the Potential for Zone‐Specific Management of Cereals in Low‐Rainfall South‐Eastern Australia: Combining On‐Farm Results and Simulation Analysis 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2 
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下载免费PDF全文 M. P. Hoffmann R. S. Llewellyn C. W. Davoren A. M. Whitbread 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2017,203(1):14-28
In the low‐rainfall region of south‐eastern Australia, distinctive soil types reflecting the typical landscape of higher elevated dunes and swale zones at the bottom can be found within one field. Different soil characteristics cause consequently large variability in cropping productivity between soils and across seasons. To assess the possibilities for zone‐specific management, five farmer fields were zoned into a dune, mid‐slope and swale zone. For each site, zone yields were mapped over 2 years and soil properties were surveyed. This information was used to parameterize and validate the APSIM model for each zone. Field‐measured PAWC increased from the dune to the swale zone. On‐farm results and simulation analysis showed distinctive yield performance of the three designed zones. However, yield is not related to PAWC, it is rather a complex relationship between soil type, fertility and rainfall. While in high‐rainfall years, the swale zones yielded higher due to higher soil organic carbon content and less drainage losses, the dune zones performed better in the low‐rainfall years due to lower evaporation losses. This study emphasizes that in this specific environment where soil variation in texture and subsoil constraints strongly influence crop performance, mechanistic crop models and long‐term field observations are necessary for better understanding of zone‐specific performance, and simple linear relationships across years or sites are not useful. 相似文献
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晋西黄土区果农间作系统根系生态位特征 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为了进一步分析农林复合系统的土壤水肥效应,指导农林复合系统的物种选择和行间配置及其水肥管理等农艺措施,以晋西黄土区核桃—大豆间作系统为研究对象,采用分层挖掘根系法,研究核桃和大豆的根系生态位分布特征及地下种间竞争关系。结果表明,在1.0~3.0 m各区域,核桃根系生态位宽度均大于大豆根系生态位宽度,而在3.0~3.5 m区域,则反之;在垂直方向上,除1.5~2.0 m区域的大豆外,大豆和核桃的根系生态位均随土壤深度的增加而下降;距树行1.0~3.0 m各区域,核桃对大豆的生态位重叠指数均大于大豆对核桃的生态位重叠指数,而在距树行3.0~3.5 m区域,则反之。距树行1.0~2.5 m区域的核桃和大豆根系生态位相似性和地下种间竞争指数均较大,为种间土壤水肥竞争的主要区域。 相似文献
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不同利用方式下土壤溶解性有机碳含量研究 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
溶解性有机碳含量在土壤有机质中所占的比例很小,但却是土壤有机质中最为重要和活跃的部分。分别选取安徽省芜湖市区附近4种土地利用方式下（农田、菜地、林地、荒地）的土壤为研究对象,研究了不同利用方式下土壤溶解性有机碳含量及其剖面分布规律,为了解溶解性有机碳在土壤生态系统碳循环中的作用,探讨土壤溶解性有机碳与土壤肥力及培肥措施的关系提供理论依据。结果表明：土壤溶解性有机碳含量在土壤表层最高,随着土层深度增加有明显减小的趋势。土地利用方式对土壤溶解性有机碳含量有明显影响,4种土地利用方式下土壤的溶解性有机碳含量有很大差异,大小顺序为农田>林地>菜地>荒地。这说明了土壤溶解性有机碳含量与土壤肥力有关,可以作为评价土壤肥力的生物学指标。 相似文献
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《Soil Technology》1988,1(3):223-234
Spatial variability of a field soil was studied using a neutron probe to measure soil water status of the plant root zone, and isotopically labelled fertilizers to evaluate fertilizer nitrogen uptake. The work was carried out long three 96 m transects with 63 plots each, the first being bare soil, the second planted to rye grass and the third planted to alfalfa.Autocorrelation and crosscorrelation analysis were used to evaluate spatial dependence of the measurements. Field variability in soil water content measurements was found to be space dependent over a distance of 6 m and this implied that size of sampling domain for water content measurements could be 12 m for the experimental field. The spatial variability measured in atmospheric nitrogen fixation of alfalfa showed rather close resemblance to the spatial variability observed in water content measurements and was related to spatial variability of available soil nitrogen. The main assumption made when the 15N methodology is used is that the ratio of percentage N derived from fertilizer over percentage N derived from soil is the same for the non-fixing reference crop and the fixing crop. Based on measurements made on ryegrass which was used as a reference crop to assess the nitrogen fixation potential of alfalfa, it was found that under these particular field conditions this ratio was space dependent with a zone of influence of 6 m, suggesting that the maximum distance between rye grass plots and its counterpart alfalfa plots could only be 6 m.The results are discussed in the context of improvement of field experimental designs. 相似文献
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为了全面掌握红寺堡酿酒葡萄根系层冬季土壤温度的气候变化特征,利用同心气象站1961－2015年冬季(12月至次年2月)0、10、15、20、40厘米逐日平均土壤温度资料,对其变化规律分析。结果表明：酿酒葡萄根系层冬季土壤温度垂直变化特点是随着深度增加呈升高趋势;55a冬季0～40cm平均土壤温度日变化趋势一致,先降后升,最低值在-7.3℃～-3.4℃之间,出现时间在1月13至25日之间;55a冬季土壤温度年际变化呈显著上升趋势; 0～20cm各层气候变化倾向率在0.432～0.604℃/10a之间,0cm、5cm、10cm、20cm土壤温度分别在1989年、1989年、1989年、1984年发生了突变,突变前均为冷期,突变后均为暖期;55a冬季土壤温度年代际变化总体以升温为主,2010年代较2000年代呈下降趋势。 相似文献
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针对特定油菜品种进行多区域多年份的数据分析,以期更好地揭示油菜株型特性与产量性状相关关系。选择近10年间长江中下游广为应用的5个优质杂交油菜代表性品种,以长江中下游国家新品种区域试验数据为依据,分析各品种在特定区域、不同年份的主要株型特点及产量相关因子的相关关系。5个品种的株型均符合高产品种特点,其分枝高度占比平均为0.34~0.39,主花序长占比0.34~0.37,且品种间不存在差异,表现出角果层密度与单株产量和小区产量均呈极显著正相关（相关系数分别为0.64和0.22）。另一方面,虽然长江中、下游两个种植区产量及株型等其他性状普遍存在显著差异,尤其是随着种植密度的提高,株高、分枝起点和角果层密度均发生极显著改变,但年度间小区产量差异并不显著。跟踪并分析多年多环境下高产品种的株型性状变化及产量表现,可为优质高产品种培育提供更有效的试验依据与理论参考。 相似文献