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1.
为开发羊源乳酸菌菌种资源,从健康成年散养山羊瘤胃内容物中分离乳酸菌,经生化试验、基因测序以及同源性分析、构建遗传进化树等方法对分离出的乳酸菌进行鉴定,并通过耐酸和耐胆盐试验筛选抗逆性良好的乳酸菌.结果表明:从散养山羊瘤胃内容物中分离出11株乳酸菌,将其编号为R1～R9、R11和R12;其中R1、R2为杜氏肠球菌,R3、...  相似文献   

2.
In the present study efficacy of single intradermal Johnin test, acid fast staining of faecal smear and IS 900 faecal polymerase chain reaction tests was evaluated in 200 goats for detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis. Two hundred goats comprising 150 goats from an organised farm in Trichur district and 50 goats reared under field condition at farmers premise from Malappuram district of Kerala state formed the study population. Faecal smear from all the 200 goats was stained by Ziehl–Neelsen acid fast stain and faecal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) specific for M. avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP); IS 900 was performed on all samples. All the animals were subjected to single intradermal Johnin test. Out of 200 goats screened for paratuberculosis, six goats (3%), 11 goats (5.5%) and 42 goats (21%) were found positive by Ziehl–Neelsen acid fast staining of faecal smear, single intradermal Johnin test and IS 900 PCR respectively. Results of the present study indicate that amplification of IS 900 insertion element was the most specific and sensitive diagnostic detection method. Single intradermal Johnin test and Ziehl–Neelsen acid fast staining did not show any significant difference.  相似文献   

3.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether oral administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) to healthy dogs alters the results of the bile acids tolerance test. METHODS: UDCA (15 mg/kg once daily) was administered to 16 healthy dogs for 7 days. Health of the dogs was assessed by clinical examination, haematology, serum biochemistry and a bile acids tolerance test. Normal liver structure was confirmed by histopathology at the end of the study. Bile acids tolerance tests were performed before and at the end of the treatment period, with each dog serving as its own control. For the posttreatment bile acids tolerance test, UDCA was administered at the time of feeding. RESULTS: Pretreatment, the fasted serum total bile acid concentrations ranged between 0 and 9 micromol/L. In the majority of dogs, the postprandial total bile acid concentration was greater than the preprandial value, with a range of 0 to 16 micromol/L. The fasted total bile acid concentration was 0 micromol/L in most dogs (93.75%) after treatment with UDCA. Postprandial serum bile acids also remained within the reference range for the majority of dogs (93.75%) after UDCA treatment. A single dog had a postprandial bile acid concentration above the reference range, but the concentration was within the reference range when the assay was repeated the following day without concurrent administration of UDCA. The pre- and postprandial total serum bile acid concentrations were not significantly affected by UDCA treatment. CONCLUSION: The administration of UDCA does not alter the bile acids tolerance test of normal healthy dogs.  相似文献   

4.
Injection of endotoxin from Salmonella typhimurium in male goats resulted in a biphasic release pattern of PGF2 alpha, as determined by 15-ketodihydro-PGF2 alpha concentrations in plasma. A small initial peak at 30 minutes was followed by a second peak one hour after injection. The rectal temperature increased three to five hours after endotoxin injection and calcium concentrations started to decrease soon after injection; a significant decrease was seen from 105 minutes. Endotoxin concentrations varied among the animals but had a tendency to increase three hours after injection, simultaneously with a decrease in bile acid concentrations three hours after injection. The decrease in bile acids indicated alimentary stasis. Therefore, the raised endotoxin levels could be of endogenous origin. This study also shows that the prostaglandin metabolite is a very reliable parameter for estimating the effect of endotoxin.  相似文献   

5.
Naturally occurring aflatoxicosis is described in goats fed a concentrate mixture containing polkudu meal (defatted residue from grated coconut after juice extraction). Toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus were present in the concentrate and aflatoxins were recovered from the liver and urine of affected animals. Hepatic lesions in poisoned goats consisted of bile duct hyperplasia and periportal fibrosis; renal lesions included necrosis of tubular epithelial cells and proteinaceous exudation in the glomerular space. Similar lesions were produced experimentally in goats with aflatoxin and the coconut cultures of A flavus. High doses of aflatoxin B1 produced, in addition, hepatic centrilobular congestion, haemorrhage and periportal fatty change.  相似文献   

6.
海门山羊不同部位肌肉中氨基酸含量的研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
选取12月龄海门山羊公、母羊和波尔山羊×海门山羊F1代公羊3个群体为试验素材,分别取颊肌、斜方肌、臂三头肌、背最长肌、股二头肌、股四头肌和腓肠肌7个部位肌肉来研究海门山羊不同部位肌肉中氨基酸的含量。采用高效液相色谱法测定肌肉中氨基酸的种类和含量。结果表明,所测3个类群山羊7个部位的氨基酸均以谷氨酸含量最高;海门山羊(♂)斜方肌的脯氨酸含量显著高于臂三头肌、背最长肌(P＜0.05);海门山羊(♀)斜方肌的丝氨酸、甘氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸、半胱氨酸和苯丙氨酸的含量显著高于背最长肌(P＜0.05);波尔山羊×海门山羊F1(♂)斜方肌的甘氨酸含量显著大于其他部位肌肉中含量(P＜0.05);3个类群7个部位的必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸和总氨基酸含量均无显著差异(P＞0.05),但鲜味氨基酸含量较丰富。总体来说,海门山羊不同类群及不同部位除了个别氨基酸存在差异外,大部分氨基酸均差异不显著,但海门山羊尤其公羊的鲜味氨基酸含量丰富,肉质鲜味较好。  相似文献   

7.
This study was designed to evaluate serum bile acid measurements as indicatory, of liver function and/or hepatic fat infiltration in dairy cattle. Serum bile acid concentrations were measured in healthy dairy cattle at different stages of lactation after fasting or feeding. Bile acid concentrations were compared with liver fat content and sulfobromophthalein (BSP) half-life (T 1/2). Serum bile acid concentrations were higher in cows in early lactation and with higher daily milk production. Compared with prefasting values, bile acid concentrations were decreased at 8,14, and 24 hours of fasting. Blood samples from fed cows at 1 - to 2-hour intervals had wide and inconsistent variations in bile acid concentration. Because serum bile acids correlated well with BSP T 1/2, it is suggested that both measurements evaluate a similar aspect of liver function. Neither bile acids nor BSP T I correlated with differences in liver fat content among cows. Because of large variability in serum bile acid concentrations in fed cows and the lack of correlation of measured values with liver fat content, bile acid determinations do not appear useful for showing changes in hepatic function in fed cows with subclinical hepatic lipidosis nor serve as a screening test for this condition.  相似文献   

8.
本试验旨在研究寡果糖诱导瘤胃酸中毒对山羊瘤胃发酵、蹄组织结构、蹄部炎症因子及金属蛋白酶表达的影响。采用随机区组设计,将8头健康装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的波杂山羊(波尔山羊×长江三角洲白山羊)随机分为对照组和诱导酸中毒的试验组,每组4头。其中试验组山羊瘤胃寡果糖灌注量为21 g/kg BW。分别于灌注前(0 h)和灌注后4、8、12、24和48 h采集瘤胃液,同时分别在0、4、8、24和48 h通过颈静脉采集血液,灌注后48 h屠宰2组山羊,采集蹄组织。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组山羊瘤胃液p H、挥发性脂肪酸浓度平均值显著降低(P0.05),血液和瘤胃液中乳酸和脂多糖浓度平均值显著提高(P0.05);组织形态学结果显示,与对照组相比,试验组山羊蹄组织中次级表皮蹄小叶和次级真皮蹄小叶的长度变短,蹄小叶形状不规则;实时定量PCR检测结果显示,较对照组比较,试验组山羊蹄组织中基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物-1的mRNA的相对表达量显著降低(P0.05),白细胞介素-6、膜型基质金属蛋白酶-1和基质金属蛋白酶-2的mRNA的相对表达量显著升高(P0.05)。结果提示,寡果糖诱导山羊急性瘤胃酸中毒可导致山羊瘤胃发酵紊乱,提高瘤胃液和血液中脂多糖与乳酸浓度,导致山羊蹄组织相关炎症因子与金属蛋白酶表达改变,最终引发山羊急性蹄叶炎。  相似文献   

9.
Since Q fever is a potential risk to personnel working with small ruminants, the serologic status of sheep and goats received at a medical school animal facility for research was evaluated. A total of 104 sheep and 102 goats were subjected to blood sample-collection procedures on arrival, as well as after a 2-week quarantine period, and the sera were tested for Q fever specific antibodies by complement-fixation (CF) and microagglutination (MA) tests. The results from the 2 tests were compared and analyzed for seroconversion. On the basis of the CF test, 14 sheep and 3 goats were considered positive; these included 7 sheep and 2 goats that seroconverted during the quarantine period. In contrast, 1 sheep and 5 goats were found positive by the MA test, which also detected seroconversion of 1 sheep and 1 goat. The use of both tests for serologic surveillance of Q fever in sheep and goats increased the likelihood of detection. Management safety practices are also required to minimize the risk of disease transmission.  相似文献   

10.
采用细菌学方法与分子生物学技术对疑似山羊痘猝死山羊进行病原学检测。结果:以GPV ITR基因特异性引物从皮肤、肠黏膜、蹄部痘疹中均扩增到289 bp目的条带,并从肝脏中分离到1株革兰氏阳性杆菌,经生化鉴定为产气荚膜梭菌,其表现较强耐药性。由试验结果初步判断,该病例为山羊痘病毒(GPV)继发产气荚膜梭菌感染所致。猝死山羊病因的确定性诊断,将对山羊养殖场切断病原传播,预防健康山羊发病提供技术支持。  相似文献   

11.
OBJECTIVE: To compare a DNA probe test with two cultivation methods for the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in goat and sheep faeces. DESIGN: Comparison of the results of the three methods with histological examination as the reference standard. PROCEDURE: Faecal specimens were obtained from goats and sheep originating from flocks known to be affected with paratuberculosis and tested for Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis with a DNA probe test and two cultivation methods (old conventional culture and new double incubation method in Herrold's and Lowenstein-Jensen medium). RESULTS: In goats, the sensitivity of the various tests were for the DNA probe test 17.2%, for the double incubation culture method 25.4% and for the old conventional culture method 22.8% using the histopathological results as reference. In sheep the sensitivity of the various tests were for the DNA probe test 13.2%, for the double incubation culture method 8.8% and for the old conventional culture method 5.9% using the histopathological results as reference. The specificity of the above tests was 100% in goats and sheep and the specificity of the double incubation culture method in goats was 91%. CONCLUSIONS: The DNA probe test is a rapid and specific test that could be used in a control program if the sensitivity of the test were improved and possibly in combination with another test.  相似文献   

12.
Serum bile acids as an indicator of liver disease in dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Total serum bile acids were determined in 62 dogs with different primary or secondary liver diseases, using 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase coupled to nitrobluetetrazolium in a centrifugal analyzer. A reaction time of 4 min was sufficient, yielding a within run coefficient of variation of 7% at 6 µmol/1 and 3% at 27 µmol/1. A reference range of 0–4.4 µmol/1 2 h post prandially was observed. The sensitivity of bile acids as a liver function test was superior to that of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltransferase and combinations of two of these. The bile acids test detected 36 of 39 patients with a morphological or clinical liver diagnosis. For dogs with heart failure the bile acids test was a markedly more sensitive indicator of secondary liver involvement than alanine aminotransferase or alkaline phosphatase. For secondary liver affections associated with pyometra or epilepsy medication the opposite was the case. Bile acid values in the pooled patient material was not correlated to any of the 4 enzymes measured. For cirrhosis there was positive correlation, however, with the amino transferase values.  相似文献   

13.
Course and opening of the pancreatic duct and its radicles in the goat
The ducts of thirty-nine pancreases of adult goats (Bunte deutsche Edelrasse) were studied using corrosion cats and microdisseaion. Thirty-six glands were drained by one duct which entered the bile duct on the average 3.6 cm before reaching the duodenum. In three goats a second duct was found also entering the bile duct. The variations of the intrapancreatic duct System in the region of the body of the gland are shown by schematic drawings.  相似文献   

14.
A dot-ELISA (d-ELISA) test was evaluated and compared with the serum agglutination test (SAT), micro-complement fixation test (CFT) and a plate-ELISA (p-ELISA) for field use in screening herds of goats against brucellosis. During the standardization of the dot-ELISA kit on 1732 caprine serum samples, 1571 samples out of 1666 were found to be negative in d-ELISA, SAT and micro-CFT, while 59 were positive in different combinations. Of a further 66 serum samples, 34 were negative and 31 were positive in different combinations in d-ELISA, SAT, micro-CFT and p-ELISA. A total of 1584 goats belonging to different herds were then screened for brucellosis. Of the 694 serum samples screened in the first batch using d-ELISA, a positive reaction was observed in 26 cases. Further screening of these cases revealed 13 and 21 goats as positive reactors in SAT and CFT, respectively. In a second batch of 890 goats there were 109 positive reactors in d-ELISA. Among these 109 goats, 34, 40 and 80 goats were positive reactors in SAT, CFT and p-ELISA, respectively. The results of d-ELISA correlated well with those of p-ELISA. Dot-ELISA was found to be a more suitable and rapid test for screening large numbers of goats in the field.  相似文献   

15.
Using a heat and sonicated Mycobacterium paratuberculosis Cordoba antigen (COA1) and the commercial protoplasmic-antigen (PPA-3) as antigens, an ELISA for detecting goat antibodies was standardized. When 2 reference populations, 1 positive (17 goats) and the other negative (63 goats) to disease, were used, this test showed 87.5% sensitivity and 93.6% specificity for COA1, and 88.2 and 95.2%, respectively for PPA-3. Absorption with M phlei was performed; no significant differences were found for COA1, but a lower sensitivity was found with PPA-3. This test was not especially affected by cross-reactivity with other mycobacterial disease because when 9 goats with M bovis infection were included in the M paratuberculosis control group, the specificity was only slightly different for absorbed (94.4%) and nonabsorbed sera (91.7%) for COA1, and (93.1 and 94.4%, respectively) for PPA-3. This test was used to study the percentage of seropositive goats for M paratuberculosis in 3 herds with different prevalences. Among 251 goats in southern Spain (Huelva), 40% were found positive for COA1 and 41% for PPA-3. Among 242 goats studied in southern Spain (Córdoba), 10.0% were positive for COA1 and 13.0% for PPA-3. In the Canary Island population of 176 goats, 3% were positive for COA1 and 0.5% for PPA-3. According to the accuracies of both positive and negative predictions, our test could be applied to populations with high prevalence to prevent additions to the herd and to cull infected animals (with 40% prevalence, the positive and negative predictive values are 90%), and to prevent adding infected animals to populations with moderate or low prevalence.  相似文献   

16.
本试验旨在探究高直链淀粉玉米(简称高直玉米)替代普通玉米对于断奶羔羊生长性能、营养物质消化率和血液生理生化指标的影响。将27头平均体重为(8.97±0.19)kg的湘东黑山羊随机分为3组,每组4头公羊、5头母羊,试验羊单栏饲养。3组羔羊分别饲喂用高直玉米替代基础饲粮中0(A组,作为对照组)、50%(B组)、100%(C组)普通玉米的试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期28 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,B、C组羔羊的平均日增重显著增加(P<0.05),干物质、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。B组羔羊血清血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、乳酸(LAC)含量高于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);C组羔羊血清VEGF和LAC含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。综上可知,高直玉米替代饲粮中50%或100%的普通玉米对断奶羔羊的生长和营养物质消化均有积极影响。  相似文献   

17.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether dietary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) alter immune functions as lymphocyte blastogenesis, expression of lymphocyte and monocyte markers, and cell adhesion molecules of the integrin family in goats. Dutch White castrated male goats received a diet either rich in olive oil (control group, n = 4) or rich in corn oil (test group, n = 4) over a period of 3 weeks. The animals in the test group had significantly higher linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) levels in plasma on days 7, 14 and 21 of the diet than control animals. This was also true for washed erythrocyte membranes at day 21. A significant reduction in the percentage of alpha-4 integrin (CD49d) expressing lymphocytes was observed in goats fed LA rich corn oil at day 21. However, no changes were observed in either lymphocyte proliferative responses to ConA and PHA or the expression of other lymphocyte/monocyte markers. In conclusion, feeding corn oil rich in LA caused significant increases in the proportion of LA in the fatty acid composition of plasma and erythrocyte membranes and was accompanied by a significant decrease of the adhesion molecule alpha-4 integrin (CD49d) on lymphocytes but not on monocytes.  相似文献   

18.
本试验旨在研究过瘤胃胆碱(RPC)对成年黔北麻羊瘤胃发酵及血浆生化指标的影响。以体况良好,年龄、体重[(35.0±1.2)kg]一致的成年黔北麻羊6只为试验动物,分为对照组和试验组,每组3个重复,每个重复1只羊。采用交叉试验设计,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,不含RPC;试验组补饲10 g/d的RPC。试验持续30 d,分2期,每期15 d;每期最后1 d采集瘤胃液测定p H、氨态氮浓度、微生物蛋白产量、挥发性脂肪酸(乙酸、丙酸、丁酸)浓度、纤维素酶(微晶纤维素酶、羧甲基纤维素酶、纤维二糖酶、木聚糖酶)活性,同时采血测定血浆葡萄糖、尿素氮、总蛋白、白蛋白、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、肌酐浓度。结果显示:1)RPC对山羊采食速度没有影响,对采食量没有显著影响(P0.05);2)RPC对瘤胃液p H、氨态氮浓度、微生物蛋白产量、挥发性脂肪酸浓度及4种纤维素酶活性影响较小,2组间差异均不显著(P0.05);3)RPC对血浆生化指标影响较小,2组间差异均不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,补饲10 g/d的RPC对成年黔北麻羊的采食量、瘤胃发酵参数和血浆生化指标没有显著影响。  相似文献   

19.
A recently assembled commercial herd of Alpine goats was studied. Milk production criteria--305-day milk production (M), butter fat content (BF), and solids nonfat content (SNF)--and somatic cell counts (linear score) were monitored by Dairy Herd Improvement Association test records. Milk samples from all milking goats in the herd were obtained for bacteriologic culture for mastitis organisms on 2 occasions; the infection rate ascribed to major pathogens was 3%. In November 1985, serum specimens were obtained from 154 does in first lactation. Of these, 56 (36%) were seropositive for caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) antibodies by agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), 91 (59%) were seronegative, and serotest results for 7 (5%) were inconclusive. In December, 80 seronegative and 48 seropositive goats remained in the herd and had 305-day projections available. The median production values for seronegative goats (1,539.5 lb of M, 52 lb of BF, 46 lb of SNF) were higher than those for seropositive goats (1,446 lb of M, 45 lb of BF, 44.5 lb of SNF), but this difference was only significant (t test, P less than 0.05) for BF. Does were ranked by a formula that combined M, BF, and SNF, with a desired minimal daily herd average of 5 lb of M, 3% BF, and 3% SNF. A decision was made not to keep offspring from does of the lowest quartile before CAE test results were obtained. This group consisted of 13 of the 80 (16%) seronegative goats and 18 of the 48 (38%) seropositive goats. Thus, a positive CAE test result by AGID was associated (chi 2, P less than 0.01) with poor production.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

20.
Disposition of fenbendazole in the goat   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The disposition of fenbendazole was studied in goats after oral or IV administration. Plasma concentration vs time profiles were determined for fenbendazole and all of its metabolites. The total excretion of the drug and its metabolites in urine and feces was also measured for 6 days. A biliary cannula was inserted in 1 goat to study the excretion of fenbendazole and its metabolites into the bile. Fenbendazole was converted to its sulfoxide (oxfendazole), and the sulfone, primary amine, and p-hydroxylated metabolites. The active metabolite, oxfendazole, appeared in plasma, but only trace amounts were found in feces or urine. The major excretory metabolite was p-hydroxyfenbendazole.  相似文献   

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