共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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通过对经不同措施改造后的辽东山区次生林进行林下植被物种多样性调查,计算了该次生林下物种丰富度Margalef、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson优势度指数和Pielou均匀度指数,结果表明:改造后林下植被数量和物种数均高于对照区。改造后草本和木本植物丰富度指数和多样性指数均高于对照区,而优势度指数均小于对照区。可见,改造措施可以改变林下植被物种组成,增加植被数量和种类,加速林下植被演替,增加森林系统的稳定性。 相似文献
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松材线虫病疫木不同伐除方式对森林植物群落演替的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用标准地调查法,对不同立地条件下松材线虫病除治迹地生态系统的植物种类丰富度、密度、多样性指数、均匀度指数及垂直结构情况进行调查和分析。结果表明:立地条件的差异和疫木不同采伐方式对植物群落次生演替的进程和方向都有不同程度的影响。立地条件较好,无论是皆伐、择伐还是不采伐,除治迹地植物群落乔木层和灌木层较受害前纯林的种类丰富度和多样性指数都有一定程度的增加;而立地条件较差的,经皆伐后,植物群落的种类丰富度和多样性指数不仅没有增加,反而降至极低,原有松林群落向灌丛方向退化。 相似文献
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生物群落多样性是判断生态系统稳定的重要指标,为了解人工建植对稀土矿废弃地生态系统的影响,以福建省长汀县离子型稀土矿堆浸废弃地为研究对象,利用植被恢复固定监测点,选取植被恢复5、8、11 a废弃地为样点,调查不同恢复年限样地物种种类和数量,分析稀土矿废弃地物种多样性随恢复时间的变化规律。结果表明:随植被恢复年限的增加,前期人工种植的植物逐渐被本土野生植物取代,增加物种以禾本科和菊科植物为主。乔木层、草本层植物种类和数量随恢复年限的增加而增加;随着植被恢复年限的增加,稀土矿废弃地乔木层物种丰富度(Gleason指数、Margalef指数)、Shannon指数逐渐增加,而乔木层、草本层Pielou均匀度指数则呈先增加后下降趋势;植被恢复8与11 a植被相似度最高,其次是植被恢复5与8 a,其中植被恢复11 a与对照样地植被相似度最低;Margalef指数、Simpson指数与Shannon指数呈显著相关。因此,随着植被恢复年限的增加,稀土矿生态退化区植被恢复前期人工干涉效应在逐渐降低,后期演变为自然演替,物种群落结构和种类发生变化,但与当地本土植物群落仍存在一定差异,表明生态退化区植被演替仍处于动态变化阶段。 相似文献
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调查松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus侵害马尾松Pinus massoniana林不同时间的4个群落和邻近的1个常绿阔叶林群落,利用群落净谱系亲缘关系指数(NRI)和净最近种间亲缘关系指数(NTI)等,分析松材线虫侵害马尾松林后群落谱系结构和谱系多样性动态。结果表明:松材线虫侵害后,群落物种和谱系多样性下降,侵害12 a后与常绿阔叶林的多样性最接近,侵害4,8 a群落内的物种和谱系与常绿阔叶林相似性最高,侵害0 a的与常绿阔叶林相似性最低;松材线虫侵害0,4,8 a的整个群落的谱系结构发散,侵害12 a与常绿阔叶林的谱系结构聚集。松材线虫侵害后,马尾松林群落向常绿阔叶林演替,同时,环境过滤对整个群落物种的组成起主要筛选作用。 相似文献
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调控松林树种结构防控松材线虫病技术 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
松材线虫(Busaphelenchus xylophilus)从入侵、定居、适应到蔓延、扩散和危害,是一个多点、多次、长期、复杂的生态过程,其随机性、突发性和长期性的发生特点决定了防控松材线虫病是一项复杂性、长期性和艰巨性的任务,目前常规的防控技术显然存在局限性。从森林演替的角度来看,松材线虫病是松林的生态灾害,在森林生态系统范畴内探讨松材线虫等林业有害生物的发生和防控问题,十分必要。本论文在深入分析松材线虫病的发生特点、流行规律,以及监测和防控难点的基础上,阐述了调控树种结构防控松材线虫病等林业有害生物的理论、实践和技术,为持续控制松材线虫病,实现森林避灾、御灾、防灾、减灾目标,促进马尾松林生态系统良性演替提供技术支撑。 相似文献
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姑婆山天然植被的种群组成和群落演替分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在野外调查的基础上,对姑婆山天然植被的种群组成和群落演替进行了研究。结果表明:在调查区共有植物92种,隶属于48科71属;用重要值指数分析各演替阶段中的优势种群可知各阶段的优势种没有显著的变化(草丛阶段除外),不少种类在2个或3个演替阶段中均为优势种,优势种的更替呈现一定的连续性,体现了群落演替主要表征为优势层及优势种的更替;对各演替阶段物种多样性进行测定,其多样性指数变化为常绿落叶混交林>常绿阔叶林>灌丛群落>草丛群落。在物种多样性预测演替顺序的基础上,利用演替指数法及演替度法,从群落物种多样性、植物种群优势度及相对频度等多方面来论证各阶段演替的顺序,证明各阶段演替顺序为:草丛阶段—灌丛阶段—常绿阔叶混交林阶段—常绿阔叶林阶段。 相似文献
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选用解释结构模型(ISM)分析松林生态系统对松材线虫干扰如何作出响应.结果表明:影响松林生态系统对松材线虫干扰做出响应的系统是一个5级的多级递阶系统,响应结果表现为抵御性和恢复性.群落中优势树种分布格局和松树的生物生态学特性是影响松林生态系统的抵御性的最大因素,受害木伐除和其他措施也通过影响松墨天牛的危害程度和物种分布格局而间接影响到抵御性.对于恢复性而言,除受土壤因子、水文、周围种源和次优或共优树种的生物学特性等直接影响外,气象因子也会直接或间接影响恢复性.海拔、坡度、坡向等地形因子和地理位置的差异和防治水平的提高也影响了松林生态系统对松材线虫干扰作出响应. 相似文献
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调查藏东南亚高山地带急尖长苞冷杉林皆伐迹地及林地0～30cm土层的土壤线虫群落,分离得到线虫14496条,隶属于2纲6目65属,线虫个体密度平均为989条·(100g)-1干土,表层(0～5cm)土壤中线虫个体数量占总数的48.60%,表聚性明显。Boleodorus、Helicotylenchus为优势属。植食性线虫是主要营养类群,非植食线虫中食细菌性线虫所占比例最大。土壤有机质以细菌分解途径为主。冬季的线虫多样性指数及均匀度指数明显高于春季;丰富度指数季节间差异不显著(P>0.05)。不同土层间多样性指数、丰富度指数值随土层加深而减小,均匀度指数、优势度指数值则随土层加深而增大,0～5cm土层与25～30cm土层的4个指数值差异均显著(P<0.05)。总之,采伐迹地土壤线虫群落特征具有指示森林生态系统演替过程及所受干扰程度的潜力。 相似文献
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对北京西部黄羊滩流动沙地、半固定沙地和固定沙地3个演替阶段的植物群落进行取样分析,结果表明,物种丰富度随演替的进展呈增加的趋势,每一阶段对应着不同的优势种群.藜科植物是流动沙地的先锋植物,在植被演替早期具有不可替代的作用,且在各阶段种类数量比较稳定;菊科植物属于演替的过渡类群,只是在半固定沙地阶段表现出较高的优势度;禾本科和豆科植物呈不断增加的趋势,成为固定沙地生态功能的主要维持者.随演替的进展,初期占绝对优势的1年生植物逐渐被多年生植物替代,沙地植被向杂草类草原方向发展,生态系统趋于稳定.各阶段群落间的生态距离较远,在人工植被建设时应根据沙地环境条件选择最佳植物种和配置. 相似文献
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通过对定海松林及更新层的调查，发现多数松林在皆伐后演替为落叶阔叶林，少数为常绿落叶阔叶林和灌、草丛。更新树种共计34种，占优势的仅9种，且多为落叶阔叶树种。针对演替类型及更新树种存在单调贫乏的现状，结合海岛具体实际，提出封山育林、人工造林和树种选择的方向性建议，将为松村线虫病除治迹地的更新改造提供依据。 相似文献
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运用α和β物种多样性指数分析热带地区海南中部山区草地、灌丛、次生林和原始林植被演替过程中物种多样性变化规律。结果表明,物种丰富度指数、Margalef's指数和Shannon-Wiener指数能较好地反映不同演替阶段间的物种多样性大小差异;而Alatalo均匀度指数能较好反映物种分布变化。从草地到原始林阶段,群落α物种多样性呈连续增大趋势。Jac-card和Srenson相异性指数能较好地反映不同演替阶段群落间的物种更替,且呈单峰曲线变化,在灌丛与次生林过渡阶段最大。 相似文献
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大小兴安岭过渡区阔叶红松林次生演替阶段群落多样性指数与环境因子关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为揭示阔叶红松林次生演替阶段群落多样性状况,研究生物多样性指数与环境因子的关系,为该区植被保护、植被恢复提供理论支持。运用物多样性指数、典范对应分析和次生演替的空间序列代替时间序列方法,以大小兴安岭过渡区阔叶红松林不同演替阶段群落为研究对象,设置33个网格样地数据,记录每个样地的物种多度、盖度、频度及土壤环境数据,测定12个环境指标。结果表明：1原始阔叶红松林群落经过顺行演替向逆行演替发展,演替趋势为：原始阔叶红松林→天然次生阔叶林→天然次生针叶林→次生裸地;2保存较好的原始阔叶红松林物种多样性指数最高,物种最丰富,其次是天然次生阔叶林,物种多样性指数最低的是次生裸地,群落结构简单。3物种多样性指数与纬度、土壤含水率、土壤全氮含量相关性最大。 相似文献
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Pine wood nematode （PWN）, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus （Steiner et Buhrer） Nickle is an important invasive alien species in forests of China and has become one of the most destructive forest diseases. In order to improve the resistance and resilience of pine forest ecosystems against B. xylophilus invasion and make the pine forest ecosystem more timely responsive to PWN invasion, we made some recommendations based on five years of intensive observations. We advocate a set of management measures with the theme “Prevention is priority, but integrated with curative techniques and ecological resilience” on the pine forest ecosystem invaded by B. xylophilus; details of accurate measures are proposed. The aim is to discover the underlying problems of present pine forest ecosys-tems and to take, correspondingly, administrative measures and strategies, which will encourage the pine forest ecosystem to develop in a benign way. 相似文献
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This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on pine and oak forest dynamics in the mid-montane central Himalayan forest and the ecosystem services associated with these vegetation types. Forest ecosystems play a crucial role in the livelihood of the central Himalayas as well as the adjacent plains, providing a number of tangible and intangible ecosystem services, at each stage of succession. The successional sequence starts from warm temperate grasslands, followed by early successional pine forests, mid-successional pine-oak mixed forests and eventually culminating in a late successional oak community. This successional sequence is considerably influenced by disturbances like fire, grazing, and lopping, which maintain the vegetation types in their current form and can act as potential drivers of change. Fire and grazing in grasslands and pine forests inhibit the successional process by hindering the establishment of pioneer and late successional species, respectively. Potential land-cover changes with forest succession can lead to changes in ecosystem services supply. We found that the number of ecosystem services associated with these vegetation types increase from early to late successional community. Current management approaches fail to include the dynamic nature of vegetation, which is essential for maintenance of ecosystem service supply. In conclusion, the trade-offs between ES of global (biodiversity and carbon) and local importance (fuel wood and fodder) have to be examined carefully in order to have effective conservation and management plans for the region. 相似文献
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应用修复生态学理论和植被演替理论,根据保护区现状和植被修复经验,结合恢复原森林生态系统结构、提高林分抗逆性等植被修复目标,提出了重度受害区植被修复模式、中度受害区植被修复模式、重要经济价值树种营建模式、珍贵树种扩繁模式、防火通道景观配置模式等5种植被修复技术模式。以及各修复模式的树种选择,混交、整地、配置方式及株行距等。 相似文献
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INTRODUCTIoNSSPCCiesdiversityistheoneofthreekcysubjcctS(Theglobalweatherchange,speiesdiversltyandsustainedecologysystem)inccologicalandenvironmentalscienceinrecenttenyears.Williams(I943)firstputfonvardsPecicsdiversitywhenhestUdiedtherelationbctx`centhcabundanccandinsectspecicsofLcl,i`mptcra.In6()'s~7()'s-ccologicaIscicn-tistshadgotagreatofachicvementsonsPCcicsdlt'crslti'stud\.Sinccl98()-s.somcscientistsstartcdtostud}'sPCcicsdivcrsityinCl1ina.Thcy'havcgotsolnercsultsol1artl1roPOdcom… 相似文献
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The structure and dynamic succession law of natural secondary forest after severe fire interference in recent 20 years were studied by adopting the method of deducing time series from the spatial sequence of vegetation in Heihe region, Heilongjiang, China. Two typical and widely distributed forest types in the study area, namely forest type A and forest type B, were selected as study subjects. Forest type A is pure broadleaf forest or broadleaf mixed forest mainly composing of superior Betula platyphylla and Populus davidiana in the area with gradient <25°, while forest type B is pure forest or mixed forest composing of superior Quercus mongolica and Betula davurica in the area with gradient >25°. Species richness, vegetation coverage, important value, and similarity index of community in different layers (Herb, shrub, small tree, and arbor layers) were investigated and analyzed for the two typical forests. The results show that after fire interference, the species richness and coverage in each layer in forest type A were higher than that in forest type B. Both for forest type A and B, with elapse of post-fire years, the species richness and coverage of herbs and shrubs showed a decline tendency, while those of arbor layer present a rising tendency. Through comparison of the important values of species in each layer and analysis of community structure changes, the dynamic process of post-fire vegetation succession for forest type A and B was separately determined. Post-fire 80 years' succession tendency of forest type A is B. platyphylla and Larix gmelinii mixed forest. Its shrub layer is mainly composed of Corylus heterophylla and Vaccinium uliginosum, and herb layer is dominated by Carex tristachya, Athyrium multidentatum, and Pyrola incarnate; whereas, the post-fire 80 years' succession of forest type B is Q. mongolica and B. davurica mixed forest. Its shrub layer is mainly composed of lespedeza bicolar and corylus heterophylla and herb layer is dominated by Carex tristachya, Asparagus densiflorus, and Hemerocallis minor. 相似文献