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以望江南茎为原料,经超声波乙醇提取后,采用不同极性溶剂萃取得到4种萃取物,通过滤纸片扩散法测试了4种萃取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、鲍曼不动杆菌的抑菌活性,发现氯仿萃取物的综合抑菌效果最佳;进一步通过柱层析法分离纯化氯仿萃取物,得到组分1、组分2和组分3;利用质谱法分析确定了具有较强抑菌活性的组分1中起主要抑菌效果的化合物。结果表明：极性较小的组分1抑菌效果显著,组分1中检测出22个化合物,其中黄酮类7个、蒽醌类13个、多酚类1个、香豆素类1个。选择3种单体蒽醌类化合物大黄素、大黄酚和大黄素甲醚进行最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)测定,结果表明：3种化合物对鲍曼不动杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值和MBC值均小于氯仿萃取物,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制活性最强,MIC值均为0.2 g/L,MBC值均为0.39 g/L;大黄素甲醚综合抑制效果最佳,可能为望江南中发挥抑菌活性的主要化合物之一。 相似文献
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牵牛子化学成分研究(Ⅱ) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用硅胶柱层析和Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析从牵牛子 70% (体积分数)乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离得到8个化合物,经理化及光谱方法鉴定分别为肉桂酸( Ⅰ )、阿魏酸( Ⅱ )、绿原酸( Ⅲ )、氯原酸甲酯( Ⅳ )、氯原酸丙酯( Ⅴ )、大黄酸( Ⅵ )、12-羟基松香酸甲酯(Ⅶ)、12-羟基氢化松香酸甲酯( Ⅷ).经检索,这些化合物均为首次从牵牛属植物中分离得到. 相似文献
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采用小鼠耳肿胀法对滇白珠种子75%乙醇提取物的石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取物和水溶部分的抗炎效果进行测试。结果表明乙酸乙酯萃取物能显著减轻二甲苯致炎小鼠的耳廓肿胀度。采用色谱技术分离抗炎效果较好的乙酸乙酯萃取物的化学成分,得到8个化合物。通过NMR、IR、MS等波谱法鉴定,8个化合物为:大黄素甲醚(1)、6-乙基-5-羟基-2,7-二甲氧基-1,4-萘醌(2)、杨梅素(3)、对苯二酚(4)、香草酸(5)、β-胡萝卜苷(6)、β-谷甾醇(7)和丁二酸(8)。以上所有化合物都为首次从滇白珠种子中分离得到。 相似文献
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五指毛桃黄酮和香豆素类成分研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
对五指毛桃的化学成分进行了研究.分离得到11个化合物,根据理化性质和波谱数据,分别鉴定为补骨脂素(Ⅰ)、伞形花内酯(Ⅱ)、 5,3',4'-三羟基-3,7-二甲氧基黄酮(Ⅲ)、 5,7,2',4'-四羟基黄酮(Ⅳ)、 5-羟基-3,7,4'-三甲氧基黄酮(Ⅴ)、山柰酚(Ⅵ)、紫云英苷(Ⅶ)、金合欢素 7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅷ)、木犀草素7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅸ)、柚皮素(Ⅹ)及胡萝卜苷(Ⅺ).经检索,化合物Ⅱ～Ⅹ为首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ为首次从该属植物中分离得到. 相似文献
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采用气相色谱-质谱法分析柚木光辐射前后的抽提物成分,考察了柚木光辐射前后的颜色和组成变化,确定了可能引起柚木光变色的主要成分。结果显示,柚木光照100 h后黄蓝指数变化最为明显,表面变成金黄色,从柚木光辐射前后的抽提物中共鉴定出76种成分,其中柚木光辐射前的抽提物中鉴定出55种成分,柚木光辐射后的抽提物中鉴定出49种成分,包括烃类、醇类、酚类、酯类、醛类、酮类、蒽醌类和胺类,辐射后的柚木抽提物中烯烃类从20.11%减少至8.80%,由5种烯烃类减少为4种;酮类从0.99%增加到9.19%,由5种酮类增加为9种;杂环类化合物从20.56%减少到1.54%,由6种杂环类减少为1种。柚木单板表面光辐射后变亮、变黄,随着辐射时间加长,可变成受人欢迎的金黄色,这可能与抽提物中化合物成分的种类和含量有关,木材抽提物中的酚羟基、羰基、双键等结构与木材光变色有很大关系。柚木光辐射前抽提物的成分主要为反式角鲨烯(20.108%)、2-甲基蒽醌(13.110%)、1-甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉(12.452%)、2-羟甲基蒽醌(8.210%)、8-甲氧基-1-甲基-.beta.-咔啉(6.552%)这5种化合物,这些主成分都含有与木材光变色相关的双键或者羰基。辐射后除了8-甲氧基-1-甲基-.beta.-咔啉和1-甲基-3,4-二氢异喹啉检测不到以外,相对百分含量减少较大的是反式角鲨烯(9.970%)和2-羟甲基蒽醌(5.368%),只有2-甲基蒽醌(13.678%)相对百分含量增加。而且由于2-甲基蒽醌为黄色晶体,因此推测柚木表面黄色的深浅可能与有效成分2-甲基蒽醌的量有关,但柚木光变色的具体原因和机理还有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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《林产化学与工业》2018,(2)
以大黄酸(1)为先导化合物,在对羧基酰胺化的基础上,再对蒽醌母核C7位进行结构修饰,合成了系列大黄酸衍生物,同时对其抑菌活性及构效关系进行了初步探讨。FT-IR、1H NMR、13C NMR和MS等结构分析表明,大黄酸衍生物分别为:大黄酸哌啶酰胺(2)、7-羟甲基-大黄酸哌啶酰胺(3)、7-溴甲基-大黄酸哌啶酰胺(4)、7-(4-吗啉基)甲基-大黄酸哌啶酰胺(5a)、7-(1-四氢吡咯)甲基-大黄酸哌啶酰胺(5b)和7-(1-甲基-4-哌嗪)甲基-大黄酸哌啶酰胺(5c)。抑菌活性实验结果表明:化合物5a和5b对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌质量浓度(MIC)值分别达到了0.78和0.39 mg/L,抑菌活性明显优于大黄酸(MIC值为3.13 mg/L),甚至强于阳性对照物卡那霉素(MIC值为1.56 mg/L);同时5a对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值也达到了1.56 mg/L,与大黄酸相当。初步的构效关系分析表明:在大黄酸蒽醌母核的C7位取代基上引入未取代杂环可增强对大肠杆菌的抑制作用。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
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A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献