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易保防治西瓜炭疽病试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
易保 68.75％水分散粒剂 (下简称易保 )是美国杜邦公司的产品，它的有效成分是由易灵 (famoxadone)和代森锰锌混配而成的。2001年 5月，我们在山东省昌乐县昌乐镇示范园大拱棚西瓜地中，用易保 800倍液，以 80％炭疽福美可湿性粉剂 800倍液和清水作对照。每 667 m2喷药液45 kg。每处理小区20 m2，随机排列，重复3次。于 5月10日第─次施药； 7 d后调查，易保防效为 67.1％，炭疽福美防效为 61.5％。 5月17日第二次施药， 7 d后调查，易保防效为96.9％，而炭疽福美的防效为 68.5％。可见易保是防治西瓜炭疽病的良好药剂。 易保防治西瓜炭疽病… 相似文献
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农业部发布了第2032号公告,决定对氯磺隆、福美胂等7种高风险农药逐步采取禁限用管理措施,并列出了清晰的执行时间表——自2015年12月31日起,将禁止福美胂、福美甲胂、氯磺隆所有产品和甲磺隆、胺苯磺隆单剂在国内销售和使用; 相似文献
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几种药剂对草莓炭疽病的效果 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用菌丝生长速率法测定了48%波尔多液可湿性粉剂、50%咪鲜胺可湿性粉剂、40%福美锌可湿性粉剂和70%代森联干悬浮剂4种药剂对草莓炭疽病菌的室内毒力。结果表明,4种药剂对菌丝生长的EC50的大小顺序为:50%咪鲜胺40%福美锌70%代森联48%波尔多液,50%咪鲜胺的EC50为6.24 mg/L。并选取毒力较好的50%咪鲜胺可湿性粉剂和40%福美锌可湿性粉剂进行了田间药效测定,48%波尔多液可湿性粉剂作为对照。试验发现:50%咪鲜胺可湿性粉剂在田间的效果最好,其800 mg/L处理在田间2次药后7 d的防效达到了80.26%,与对照药剂48%波尔多液可湿性粉剂间存在显著性差异。 相似文献
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室内平板拮抗作用测定，短小芽孢杆菌Ａ３菌株对泡桐黑腐皮壳的菌丝及分生孢子均有较强的拮抗作用，抑菌圈直径为３－４ｃｍ。在林地３年防治试验结果表明，单用Ａ３菌侏的发酵液，防治效果为９７．８％；与多菌灵混用为９９．４％。均比常用农药福美胂（８９．３％）好。Ａ３菌株拮抗物可使泡桐黑腐皮壳菌丝及分生孢于膨大畸形，进而胞壁破裂，内含物外流。 相似文献
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The effectiveness of curing oranges and lemons at 33 degrees C for 65h followed by storage under ambient and cold-storage conditions was investigated. This treatment effectively reduced the incidence of Penicillium digitatum (Pers) Sacc and P italicum Wehmer decay on inoculated and naturally infected oranges and lemons stored at 20 degrees C for 7 days. However, it failed to control green and blue mould infections on fruits placed in long-term cold storage, except green mould on oranges, which was effectively controlled. Dipping fruits in a sodium carbonate solution (20 g litre(-1)) for 2.5 min following a curing treatment at 33 degrees C for 65 h satisfactorily reduced green and blue mould incidence during subsequent long-term storage at 4 degrees C on oranges and at 10 degrees C on lemons. The efficacy was greater on injured fruits inoculated after the combination of treatments was applied, achieving a 60-80% reduction in decay in comparison with the curing treatment alone in all cases. A significant reduction of blue mould was also observed on fruits inoculated both before the treatments and on those re-inoculated after the treatments, demonstrating both protectant and eradicant activity. Thus, combining curing at 33 degrees C for 65 h with sodium carbonate treatment effectively controlled these post-harvest diseases on artificially inoculated citrus fruits and protected against re-infection. With naturally inoculated lemons, curing followed by sodium carbonate significantly reduced both green and blue mould incidence, but was not superior to curing alone. With naturally infected oranges, curing significantly reduced blue mould, but decay was not reduced further when followed by sodium carbonate treatment. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Compost made from organic household and garden waste was used to substitute part of the peat in potting mixtures used for growing woody ornamental nursery stock. The effects of amendment with compost on the colonization of potting mixture by Rhizoctonia solani (AG1) were studied in greenhouse experiments. A bioassay was developed using cucumber as a sensitive herbaceous test plant as a substitute for woody ornamental cuttings. Pathogen growth in the potting mixture was estimated by measuring the distance over which damping-off of seedlings occurred. Compost from two commercial composting facilities suppressed growth of R. solani in potting mixtures with 20% of the product when the compost was fresh (directly after delivery) or long matured (after 5 to 7 months of additional curing). In contrast, short-matured compost (1 month of additional curing) from the same batches stimulated pathogen growth. In vitro mycelial growth of R. solani on mixtures with mature compost was inhibited by microbial antagonism. Compost-amended potting mixtures responded differentially to the addition of cellulose powder; the effect on suppressiveness depended on curing time and origin of the compost. In long-matured compost, suppressiveness to R. solani was associated with high population densities of cellulolytic and oligotrophic actinomycetes. The ratio of the population density of actinomycetes to that of other bacteria was around 200-fold higher in mature suppressive compost than in conducive compost. 相似文献
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Effects of postharvest onion curing parameters on bulb rot caused by Pantoea agglomerans,Pantoea ananatis and Pantoea allii in storage 
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下载免费PDF全文 Crop loss of onion bulbs during storage carries an exceptionally high economic impact because a large portion of the production expenses has been expended before storage. Because of this, it is important to define practices that can reduce onion bulb losses caused by storage rots. This study investigates the impact of various curing parameters on disease development resulting from infection by Pantoea agglomerans, P. ananatis and P. allii on onion bulb cultivars Vaquero and Redwing, during storage. Overall, both the incidence and mean rot severity were similar amongst the bulbs under comparable conditions regardless of the species of Pantoea inoculated, although a significant difference was detected between the two onion bulb cultivars. In addition, a significant reduction of storage rot was observed when curing temperatures were ≤35°C. At temperatures >35°C, a shorter curing duration (2 days vs 14 days) decreased the severity of bulb rot due to Pantoea. This increased understanding of the inter‐relationships between the parameters used for curing, and the incidence and severity of bulb rot caused by Pantoea helps provide guidance towards using the curing process as a means to reduce the level of damage resulting from post‐harvest storage rot. 相似文献
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马尾松毛虫Dendrolimus punctatus Walker是马尾松林重要害虫。林间应用超轻型飞机大面积喷洒溴氰菊酯超低容量喷雾、白僵菌纯孢子油剂、菌药混合液超低容量喷雾以及喷洒白僵菌菌粉,其防治效果分别为96．5%、85．7%、95．6%、86．5%。上述的防治措施可作为单独的措施或综合防控中的配套措施使用,同时应用飞机防治解决了树高、林密、水源缺乏、劳力工资昂贵等条件给防治工作带来的困难,是一种适应林区林业生产整体水平而又快速、高效、经济的防治手段。 相似文献
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Pierce's disease (PD) of Vitis vinifera grapevines is caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, a pathogen with a wide plant host range. Exposure of X. fastidiosa-infected plant tissue to cold temperatures has been shown to be effective at eliminating the pathogen from some plant hosts such as grapevines. This "cold curing" phenomenon suggests itself as a potential method for disease management and perhaps control. We investigated cold therapy of PD-affected 'Pinot Noir' and 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapevine. In the fall, inoculated plants and controls of each cultivar were transported to each of four field sites in California (Foresthill, McLaughlin, Hopland, and Davis) that differed in the magnitude of cold winter temperatures. A model for progression of the elimination of plant disease in relation to temperature was conceptualized to be a temperature-duration effect, where temperatures below a particular threshold kill X. fastidiosa with increasing efficacy as the temperature decreases to some value <6?C. The temperature effect was modeled as a likelihood of a particular temperature killing the pathogen and is termed the ?killing index?. We developed a mathematical model for cold curing of grapevines inoculated with X. fastidiosa and calibrated the model with cold-curing data collected in a field study. Parameter estimation resulted in lowest sum of squared differences across all 10 trials to be low temperature below which the organism is killed (T(0)) = 6°C, number of hours to achieve 100% cure (N(100)) = 195 h, number of hours to achieve 10% cure (N(10)) = 20 h, and killing index (K(x)) = 0.45 for Pinot Noir and T(0) = 6°C, N(100) = 302 h, N(10) = 170 h, and K(x) = 0.41 for Cabernet Sauvignon. With the parameter estimates optimized by model calibration, the simulation model was effective at predicting cold curing in four locations during the experiment, although there were some differences between Hopland for Pinot Noir and Davis for Cabernet Sauvignon. Using historical temperature data, the model accurately predicted the known severity of PD in other grape-growing regions of California, suggesting that it may have utility in assessing the relative risk of developing PD in proposed new vineyard sites. 相似文献
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梨火疫病是苹果、梨等蔷薇科仁果类植物上一种重要的细菌性病害。为了筛选出有效防治梨火疫病的药剂,本研究采用预防和治疗的方式评价了12种药剂和其中5种药剂3种浓度对盆栽杜梨苗梨火疫病的预防和治疗效果,测定了其中4种药剂对梨火疫病的预防持效期和不同潜伏期的治疗效果。结果表明:预防和治疗效果都高于60%的药剂有6种,其中效果最好的是40%春雷·噻唑锌SC,喷施1 000倍液后2 d的预防效果和接菌后2 d的治疗效果分别达到95.63%和80.55%;不同药剂使用浓度对防效影响较大,5种药剂中只有40%春雷·噻唑锌SC在3种浓度下预防和治疗效果都达到70%以上;4种药剂中40%春雷·噻唑锌SC持效期最长,喷施1 000倍液21 d后预防效果仍能达到51.94%,在病害不同潜伏期的治疗效果最好,接菌后6 d治疗效果仍可达到62.31%。本研究结果为后续田间试验示范和大面积推广应用提供了技术支撑。 相似文献
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