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1.
Daytime variations in ACTH and plasma cortisol were studied in healthy dogs and in dogs with pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism (PDH), before and after treatment with retinoic acid. In control dogs ACTH showed a higher concentration at 8.00 AM and between 2.00 and 6.00 PM, with the lowest concentration registered at 10.00 AM (p < 0.05 vs. 8.00 AM and 2.00 PM and p < 0.01 vs. 4.00 PM). Cortisol did not show significant differences. In dogs with PDH, ACTH was lower at 8.00 AM (ACTH: p < 0.01 vs. 2.00 and 4.00 PM; and p < 0.05 vs. 6.00 PM). The lowest cortisol concentration was registered at 8.00 AM and 8.00 PM and the highest at 4.00 PM (p < 0.05 vs. 8.00 AM and p < 0.01 vs. 8.00 PM). After treatment, the lowest ACTH concentration was registered at 10.00 AM (p < 0.01 vs. 2.00 and 4.00 PM). To conclude, the adrenal is desensitized in PDH possibly showing negative in diagnostic tests.  相似文献   

2.
Oxidative stress parameters and erythrocyte characteristics were studied in 15 normal healthy dogs and 33 renal azotaemic dogs from Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University. Dogs with renal azotaemia had reduced mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (P < 0.01), packed cell volume (PCV) (P < 0.001) and increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (P < 0.001). The relationship was found between degree of azotaemia and MCV, PCV and MCHC. Dogs with severe renal azotaemia had higher intraerythrocytic sodium contents (RBC-Na) (P < 0.05). The red blood cell catalase activity and glutathione and plasma malondialdehyde were unaltered while urinary malondialdehyde-creatinine ratio (U-MDA/Cr) increased significantly (P < 0.001). The U-MDA/Cr was correlated significantly with plasma creatinine concentration (P < 0.05), urinary protein-creatinine ratio (P < 0.05) and fractional excretion of sodium (P < 0.001). The results suggest some changes in RBC characteristics and urine oxidative stress marker in renal azotaemic dogs. Moreover, the U-MDA/Cr is a sensitive biochemical parameter which increased along with degree of renal dysfunction.  相似文献   

3.
Cushing's disease caused by pituitary corticotroph adenoma in dogs is usually treated by medical treatment, and the efficacy of this treatment has been reported. However, controversy remains as to whether reduced negative feedback through the inhibition of cortisol secretion, similar to Nelson's syndrome, may appear as an adverse effect. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of reduced negative feedback through the inhibition of cortisol secretion by daily trilostane administration on the pituitary–adrenal axis in clinically normal dogs. Dogs were administered 5 mg/kg trilostane twice a day every day for 8 weeks (n = 8) or 16 weeks (n = 3). After the initiation of trilostane administration, plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations were increased remarkably. As assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during administration, the pituitary became enlarged. After trilostane administration, the cytoplasmic areas of the pituitary corticotrophs were increased and the ratio of pituitary corticotrophs to all cells in the anterior lobe was greater in the trilostane-treated dogs than that in untreated animals. In addition, histological examinations revealed bilateral adrenal cortical hyperplasia. Using real-time PCR quantification, the expression of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA in the pituitary and ACTH receptor (ACTH-R) mRNA in the adrenal gland was greater in the dogs treated with trilostane than in untreated dogs. These results indicate that reduced negative feedback induced hyperfunction of the pituitary corticotrophs and pituitary enlargement in healthy dogs. These changes suggest that the inhibition of cortisol secretion by trilostane may increase the risk for accelerating the growth of corticotroph adenomas in dogs with Cushing's disease.  相似文献   

4.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of aldosterone as an initiating and/or perpetuating factor in hypertension associated with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) in dogs. Thirteen dogs with PDH and 11 healthy control dogs were used. In all dogs, arterial blood pressure and plasma sodium, potassium, basal aldosterone, post-ACTH aldosterone, basal cortisol and post-ACTH cortisol concentrations were measured. The tests were repeated 10 days and three months after the beginning of o,p'-DDD treatment in PDH dogs. In untreated PDH dogs, plasma aldosterone was significantly decreased, whereas cortisol, sodium and arterial blood pressure were significantly increased compared to healthy dogs. Hypertension remained in most treated PDH dogs despite normalisation of cortisol and persistently low aldosterone levels. These results did not demonstrate that aldosterone is involved in the development and perpetuation of hypertension in PDH. However, glucocorticoids seemed to play a major role as an initiating and perpetuating factor in PDH in dogs.  相似文献   

5.
It is widely accepted that transport is stressful for horses, but only a few studies are available involving horses that are transported regularly and are accustomed to transport. We determined salivary cortisol immunoreactivity (IR), fecal cortisol metabolites, beat-to-beat (RR) interval, and heart rate variability (HRV) in transport-experienced horses (N = 7) in response to a 2-d outbound road transport over 1370 km and 2-d return transport 8 d later. Salivary cortisol IR was low until 60 min before transport but had increased (P < 0.05) 30 min before loading. Transport caused a further marked increase (P < 0.001), but the response tended to decrease with each day of transport. Concentrations of fecal cortisol metabolites increased on the second day of both outbound and return transports and reached a maximum the following day (P < 0.001). During the first 90 min on Day 1 of outbound transport, mean RR interval decreased (P < 0.001). Standard deviations of RR interval (SDRR) decreased transiently (P < 0.01). The root mean square of successive RR differences (RMSSD) decreased at the beginning of the outbound and return transports (P < 0.01), reflecting reduced parasympathetic tone. On the first day of both outbound and return transports, a transient rise in geometric HRV variable standard deviation 2 (SD2) occurred (P < 0.01), indicating increased sympathetic activity. In conclusion, transport of experienced horses leads to increased cortisol release and changes in heart rate and HRV, which is indicative of stress. The degree of these changes tended to be most pronounced on the first day of both outbound and return transport.  相似文献   

6.
Maternal stress in pregnant sows may induce long-lasting alterations in the behavior, physiology, and immunity of their offspring. The aim of the present study was to investigate the consequences of repeated social stress during late gestation on determinants of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and on hippocampal neurotransmitter profiles in pig offspring. All pregnant gilts were housed in pairs. Each Stress gilt was mixed with an unfamiliar gilt twice a week between days 77 and 105 of gestation (n = 18). Control gilts were housed in stable pairs over the same period (n = 18). Plasma cortisol and corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) were measured in 1 male and 1 female per litter in a basal situation on postnatal days (PND) 4, 26, and 60 and in a stressful situation at PND 28 (2 d after weaning) and 62 (2 d after relocation to a new building). Prenatal stress had no effect on plasma cortisol, but it decreased CBG at PND 26. Brain and adrenals were collected from 1 female per litter after weaning or relocation at PND 28 and PND 62. Adrenals were additionally collected at PND 4. Glucocorticoid receptor binding in the hippocampus and hypothalamus was not affected by prenatal treatment. However, prenatal stress increased the expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 mRNA in the hippocampus after weaning (P < 0.05) and after relocation (P = 0.08). In addition, prenatally stressed piglets showed an increased 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid to 5-hydroxytryptamine ratio in the hippocampus after weaning and increased hippocampal c-fos mRNA expression and noradrenaline concentration after relocation (P < 0.05). Prenatal stress also increased the relative adrenal weight at PND 4 and the cell density in the cortex and the medulla at PND 28, whereas no difference was found for activities of catecholamine-synthesising enzymes in the medulla. Overall, our data indicate that repeated social stress during pregnancy has long-lasting consequences on hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and hippocampal neurotransmitter activity in the offspring of pigs.  相似文献   

7.
Pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) is frequent in dogs. Little is known about its presentation in different age groups and its characteristics. Dividing the population under study (n = 107) into three age groups we observed that 11.2% were young, 51.4% adults and 37.4% aged. Using magnetic resonance, pituitary tumours were intra-sellar (IS) in 30.8% and extra-sellar (ES) in 62.6% and the pars intermedia (PI) was affected in 6.5%. ES are predominant in females and IS in males (p < 0.0001). In the adult-aged population, the ES and PI are predominant, while in the young, the IS predominate (p < 0.0001). ACTH concentration was greater in the ES vs. IS (p < 0.05). α-MSH did not present significant differences according to tumour size, showing a negative correlation (r = −0.47; p < 0.01) vs. ACTH. Differences in adenoma size according to gender and their age-related frequency of apparition could be because of different origins of the corticotrophinoma.  相似文献   

8.
The study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant properties of alfalfa polysaccharides (APS) extracted from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) through 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay and the effects of the inclusion (0%, 0.1%, and 0.5%) of APS in the diet on the growth performance and antioxidant status in heat-stressed rabbits. 120 New Zealand male rabbits (average body weight 1123 g, 40 d old) were divided into three groups (40 rabbits per group) and were fed with a basal diet or the basal diet with 1 g or 5 g of APS/kg of diet. Rabbits had free access to diets and water in an environmentally controlled room at 30 ± 1 °C and 55% relative humidity during the entire period (21 d). On days 7, 14 and 21 of the trial, body weight and feed intake were measured and blood samples were collected for assay of antioxidant induces. Liver tissue samples were collected on day 21 for assay of antioxidant induces. Results in vitro showed the scavenging effect of APS on DPPH radicals increased (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. The APS exerted an inhibitory effect on DPPH radical generation, with 66.3% inhibition at 100 µg/mL and 74.5% inhibition at 250 µg/mL. Results in vivo showed that APS 0.1% supplementation increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and reduced (P < 0.05) feed conversion rate (FCR) in the first week of trial. Compared with the control group, average daily feed intake (ADFI) was significantly (P < 0.01) reduced by APS treatment. From days 8 to 14 of the trial, ADG of the APS 0.5% group was greater (P < 0.05) than that of the control group. Compared with the control group, FCR was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by APS treatment. From days 15 to 21 of the trial, ADFI of the APS 0.1% group was greater (P < 0.05) than that of the control group. For the overall period, APS 0.5% supplementation had a significantly (P < 0.05) positive effect on ADG. ADFI and FCR were lower (P < 0.05) with APS than without APS. Furthermore, on day 7, the inclusion of APS reduced significantly MDA (P < 0.01). The rabbits fed with APS 0.1% had significantly (P < 0.01) lower cortisol and greater (P < 0.05) T-AOC, SOD, and GSH-Px than the control group. On day 14, addition of APS increased T-AOC (P < 0.01) and reduced MDA (P < 0.05). The APS 0.5% group showed lower (P < 0.05) cortisol and greater (P < 0.05) GSH-Px than the control group. On day 21, the rabbits fed with the APS 0.5% diet had greater (P < 0.05) GSH-Px and T-AOC compared with the control rabbits. In contrast, the opposite was true for cortisol (P < 0.05) and MDA (P < 0.05). On day 21, MDA was lower (P < 0.01) with APS than without APS in the liver tissue. Hepatic GSH-Px activity of rabbits fed with the APS 0.5% diet was greater (P < 0.05) than those of other groups. APS supplementation seemed to have a positive influence on the growth performance and antioxidant status of heat-stressed rabbits.  相似文献   

9.
The temporal pattern and sex effect of immune and stress hormone responses to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge were assessed using a pig model. Secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 increased in a time-dependent manner following LPS infusion. There was also a time-dependent increase in secretion of the stress-related hormones cortisol, epinephrine (E), and norepinephrine (NE) following LPS, with peak concentrations attained within 30 min. The magnitude of the TNF-α and IL-1β responses were both positively associated (P < 0.05) with the magnitude of cortisol response following LPS, whereas serum IL-1β and IL-6 were positively correlated with the magnitude of E and NE responses following LPS. Acute-phase protein production was also time-dependently increased following LPS. The concentration of immune cells in circulation was decreased (P < 0.05) at 5.5 h post-LPS and negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokine production. By 24 h post-LPS, immune cell counts increased (P < 0.05) and were positively associated with both pro-inflammatory cytokine and stress hormone production. The amplitude of pro-inflammatory cytokine response following LPS was affected (P < 0.05) by sex classification; however, the magnitude of elevated cytokine concentrations was not. The magnitude of the NE response, but not of the E and cortisol responses, to LPS was influenced by sex (P < 0.05). Similar to the pro-inflammatory cytokines, the magnitude of exposure to the stress hormones following LPS was not influenced by sex. The production of serum amyloid A (SAA) was influenced by sex, with barrows producing more SAA than gilts at 24 h post-LPS (P < 0.05). Collectively, these results demonstrate sex-specific, concomitant temporal changes in innate immune- and stress-related hormones.  相似文献   

10.
Recently, anti-Leishmania IgG has been detected in urine samples from Leishmania-infected dogs and its concentrations have been correlated with impairment of renal function. The presence and relationship with other anti-Leishmania Ig isotypes in urine have not yet been investigated. The current study analyzed the concentrations of anti-Leishmania IgA and IgG in sera (Ig-S) and urine (Ig-U) samples by ELISA in 64 untreated dogs with clinical leishmaniasis. All 64 serum samples tested were positive for anti-Leishmania IgG. Fifty of them (78.1%) were also positive for anti-Leishmania IgA. The results showed the presence of anti-Leishmania IgA-U in 38% of the 50 dogs that were positive for specific IgA-S. Thirty-eight of the 64 dogs positive for Leishmania-specific IgG-S (59.4%) were also positive for Leishmania-specific IgG in urine (IgG-U). The concentrations of anti-Leishmania IgA-U were significantly correlated with urine protein/creatinine (uP/C) ratio (ρ = 0.542; P < 0.001) and with serum biochemical parameters, such as γ-globulins, urea and creatinine. Goldmann–Witmer coefficient (C value) indicated that detection of specific IgA in urine samples from dogs with leishmaniasis might not only be due to impairment of filtration of the glomerular barrier but also be due to local production of this isotype, which might reflect a local immunological response to the presence of the parasite in the genitourinary tract. Anti-Leishmania IgG-U concentrations were highly correlated with uP/C ratio (ρ = 0.779; P < 0.001) and C value did not support in any case local production of this isotype. IgG isotype might be a more suitable and specific tool to evaluate renal damage due to the lower IgA-U sensitivity and correlation coefficients and evidence of IgA local production. However, dogs found positive for both Ig isotypes in urine presented significantly higher specific IgG-U concentrations and higher uP/C ratios than dogs found positive only for IgG-U, thus suggesting that the first group suffered more severe renal damage. This fact makes it necessary to evaluate the prognosis of dogs showing both anti-Leishmania IgA-U and IgG-U in future studies.  相似文献   

11.
In Experiment 1, voided urine samples were collected from 12 adult dogs at 0500, 1400, and 2200 hr for 4 days. Cortisol was measured in unextracted urine by radioimmunoassay, creatinine by spectrophotometry, and the cortisol/creatinine ratio (UCCR) was calculated for each sample. There was considerable variation both within and among dogs in UCCR but there was no consistent time of day fluctuation in UCCR. In Experiment 2, these dogs were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups. The groups received each of 4 treatments (saline, dexamethasone, ACTH gel, and aqueous ACTH) at 7 day intervals in a Latin square design. All urine was collected from 0 through 8 hr. Blood samples were collected at 20 minute intervals from 0 through 8 hr. Plasma cortisol exposure was determined by quantifying area under the curve (AUC). UCCR measurement was shown to differentiate basal from elevated, but not lowered, cortisol secretion. A positive linear relationship between UCCR and AUC was seen for all treatments except dexamethasone. These results indicate that changes in cortisol secretion are reflected in changes in UCCR, but measurement of UCCR may lack sensitivity to differentiate basal from reduced states of cortisol secretion. In Experiment 3, urine was collected daily before and during induction therapy with o,p′-DDD from dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism. Successful suppression of the adrenal glands was accompanied by a progressive decrease in UCCR. There was considerable variation in the rate of adrenal suppression.  相似文献   

12.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different saline and colloid solutions on adrenal steroid secretion in dogs. Six healthy male Beagles underwent three infusion cycles: 10 min infusion of 30 ml/kg of NaCl 0.9%, 5 ml/kg of hydroxy ethyl starch, or 5 ml/kg of NaCl 10%. Plasma osmolality, hematocrit, total solids, cortisol and aldosterone levels were measured at 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min after beginning infusion. Plasma ACTH levels were measured at 0, 15 and 240 min. An identical timing of sampling was applied during a control session omitting the fluid infusion. Osmolality, sodium, chloride and cortisol levels were found to be significantly higher with hypertonic saline solute compared to control. All fluid infusions lead to lowered plasma potassium, hematocrit, total solids and aldosterone values. ACTH concentrations did not show significant changes with any of the infusion cycles. The increase in cortisol levels suggests that hypertonic saline infusion could be interesting in critical care resuscitation, particularly in patients who are suffering from relative adrenal insufficiency.  相似文献   

13.
The main objectives of this prospective study were to establish prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infections in dogs from Northeast Germany; and to evaluate the hematological parameters of sero- or real-time PCR-positive clinically healthy dogs. The mean prevalence of A. phagocytophilum seropositivity of 522 dogs (258 suspected to have anaplasmosis, 264 healthy) was 43%. There was no difference between sick (46.9%) and healthy dogs (39.8%) (p = 0.100). The PCR test was positive in 30 dogs (20 sick, 10 healthy); morulae were found in 12 of them. Twenty-six of 30 dogs tested PCR-positive between May and September (p < 0.05). There was no difference with regard to abnormal CBC parameters between seropositive and seronegative clinically healthy dogs. The CBC was within reference range in 10 PCR-positive clinically healthy dogs suggesting a routine examination of blood donors for A. phagocytophilum in endemic areas to minimize the risk of transmission.  相似文献   

14.
To clarify the prevalence of canine coronavirus (CCoV) infection in Japan, faecal samples from 109 dogs with diarrhoea were examined for CCoV RNA together with canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) DNA. The detection rates of CCoV and CPV-2 for dogs aged less than 1 year were 66.3% and 43.8%, while those for dogs aged 1 year or older were 6.9% and 10.3%, respectively, which were significantly different (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0003, respectively), indicating not CPV-2 but CCoV is an important diarrhoea-causing organism in juvenile dogs. Among the CCoV-positive dogs, 65.5% and 72.7% showed to be positive for CCoV types I and II, respectively, and simultaneous detection rate of both types was high at 40.0%. Furthermore, transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV)-like CCoV RNA was detected from 8 dogs. These findings indicate that CCoV type I and TGEV-like CCoV are already circulating in Japan, though no reports have been presented to date.  相似文献   

15.
Heart rate variability (HRV) and echocardiography were performed in 14 dogs with mitral regurgitation (MR) before and after 14 days of 0.5 mg/kg/day of enalapril treatment. All dogs were in heart failure stages B1 and B2. After enalapril treatment, left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDd), left ventricular end diastolic diameter normalized for body weight (LVEDdN) and percent mitral regurgitant jet decreased (P < 0.05). The diastolic blood pressure decreased (P < 0.05). Increased time domain parameters of HRV were found. For frequency domain analysis, the total frequency (TF) increased significantly (P < 0.05). The normalized low frequency (LF norm) decreased while normalized high frequency (HF norm) increased causing significant reduction in LF/HF (P < 0.05). Before enalapril treatment, LF was correlated with end diastolic volume (EDV) (P < 0.01) and LVEDd (P < 0.05). In conclusion, MR dogs receiving enalapril treatment for 14 days had increased cardiac parasympathetic tone while sympathetic tone was suppressed. The decreased sympathetic activity corresponded to the reduction in cardiac preload and afterload.  相似文献   

16.

Background

Maximal aldosterone secretion in healthy dogs occurs 30 minutes postadrenocorticotropin (ACTH; 5 μg/kg IV) stimulation. The effect of trilostane and mitotane on aldosterone at that time is unknown.

Objectives

To assess the effect of trilostane and mitotane in dogs with pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism on aldosterone secretory reserve. To determine if aldosterone concentration correlates with electrolyte concentrations.

Animals

Serum collected from 79 client‐owned dogs and 33 stored samples.

Methods

Client‐owned dogs had ACTH stimulation tests with cortisol concentrations measured at 0 and 60 minutes and aldosterone concentrations measured at 0, 30, and 60 minutes. Stored samples had aldosterone concentrations measured at 0 and 60 minutes. Ten historical clinically healthy controls were included. All had basal sodium and potassium concentrations measured.

Results

The aldosterone concentrations in the mitotane‐ and trilostane‐treated dogs at 30 and 60 minutes post‐ACTH were significantly lower than in clinically healthy dogs; no significant difference was detected in aldosterone concentration between 30 and 60 minutes in treated dogs. However, a significantly higher percentage of dogs had decreased aldosterone secretory reserve detected at 30 minutes than at 60 minutes. At 30 minutes, decreased secretory reserve was detected in 49% and 78% of trilostane‐ and mitotane‐treated dogs, respectively. No correlation was detected between aldosterone and serum electrolyte concentrations.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Decreased aldosterone secretory reserve is common in trilostane‐ and mitotane‐treated dogs; it cannot be predicted by measurement of serum electrolyte concentrations. Aldosterone concentration at 30 minutes post‐ACTH stimulation identifies more dogs with decreased aldosterone secretory reserve than conventional testing at 60 minutes.  相似文献   

17.
The aim of this study is to assess the effect of CO2 gas stunning which has not been conducted until now in comparison with captive bolt stunning on the meat quality of cattle. A total of 40 steers were slaughtered following two stunning processes: CO2 gas stunning (n=20), exposure at 70% CO2 gas atmosphere for 140 sec; and captive bolt stunning (CBS, n=20). The slaughtered steers were classified into Group A (620–710 kg) and Group B (720–790 kg) by their live weight. CO2 gas stunning decreases pH value (p<0.05) but increases lightness (p<0.001) and sarcomere length (p<0.001 and p<0.01 for Group A and Group B, respectively) in all live weight groups. Drip loss was increased with CO2 gas stunning in Group A (620–710 kg of live weight) (p<0.05), whereas WBSF was decreased with CO2 gas stunning in Group B (720–790 kg of live weight) (p<0.001). Therefore, CO2 gas stunning negatively affects muscle pH and water-holding capacity in steers but CO2 gas stunning can improve the tenderness and lightness compared with captive bolt stunning in cattle.  相似文献   

18.
Cosinor analysis was used to evaluate whether pituitary and adrenal hormones exhibit circadian rhythmicity in horses. The effect of season and animal age on their respective rhythms was also determined. In addition, the usefulness of evaluating cortisol rhythmicity for the diagnosis of pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) was assessed. Serum cortisol concentrations (P < 0.01), but not plasma ACTH or α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), showed a significant circadian periodicity in horses. An effect of season on hormone concentration was observed with plasma ACTH and α-MSH concentration greater in the fall and cortisol concentration greater in the spring (P < 0.001). Age did not affect cortisol rhythm, but it did blunt the variation in cortisol concentration in horses, similar to what has been previously reported to occur in aged people and dogs. In addition, our results suggest that clinically and diagnostically normal, non–PPID-affected horses commonly have a loss of cortisol diurnal rhythm. Therefore, measurement of circadian rhythm is not an appropriate diagnostic test for PPID.  相似文献   

19.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of different saline and colloid solutions on adrenal steroid secretion in dogs. Six healthy male Beagles underwent three infusion cycles: 10 min infusion of 30 ml/kg of NaCl 0.9%, 5 ml/kg of hydroxy ethyl starch, or 5 ml/kg of NaCl 10%. Plasma osmolality, hematocrit, total solids, cortisol and aldosterone levels were measured at 0, 5, 15, 30, 60, 120, 180 and 240 min after beginning infusion. Plasma ACTH levels were measured at 0, 15 and 240 min. An identical timing of sampling was applied during a control session omitting the fluid infusion. Osmolality, sodium, chloride and cortisol levels were found to be significantly higher with hypertonic saline solute compared to control. All fluid infusions lead to lowered plasma potassium, hematocrit, total solids and aldosterone values. ACTH concentrations did not show significant changes with any of the infusion cycles. The increase in cortisol levels suggests that hypertonic saline infusion could be interesting in critical care resuscitation, particularly in patients who are suffering from relative adrenal insufficiency.  相似文献   

20.
In order to determine whether hypertension would develop in dogs with chronic renal failure, we performed 7/8 renal ablation in 6 healthy dogs and compared pre- and post-ablation blood pressures determined by telemetry. One month after the renal ablation, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine were significantly increased (p<0.05), creatinine clearance was decreased (p<0.05), and blood pressure was increased significantly (p<0.05). Simultaneously, plasma renin activity, angiotensin I and II, and aldosterone were elevated significantly (p<0.05) compared with the values obtained from 11 healthy dogs with intact renal function. The dogs with induced renal failure and hypertension were administered an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, benazepril hydrochloride, once daily for 2 weeks at 2 mg/kg body weight, and changes in blood pressure and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) system were determined. During the administration of benazepril hydrochloride, blood pressure, angiotensin II and aldosterone decreased significantly (p<0.05) and, upon discontinuation of administration, increased to the pre-administration levels (p<0.05). Plasma renin activity and angiotensin I showed no significant changes throughout the administration study. These results provide experimental evidence that hypertension develops in dogs with chronic renal failure through mechanisms involving the RAA system and demonstrate that benazepril hydrochloride improves renal hypertension in dogs.  相似文献   

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