共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
P. Weisskopf W. G. Sturny E. R. Keller F. Schwendimann 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1989,163(2):90-104
Impact of crop rotation, fertilizer treatments, and herbicidal applications on the long term maintenance of soil fertility
VI. Examination of progressive differences regarding chemical and physical factors of the yield potential of a soil conducted over the period 1973 through to 1983
In order to investigate the influence of different crop management practices such as crop rotation, fertilizer treatments, and herbicide applications on the yield potential of a soil, the Crop Science Department of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) conducted a long term field experiment commencing 1973. The experimental location was at the Swiss Federal Research Station for Farm Management and Agricultural Engineering at Tänikon/TG (northeastern Switzerland).
Over ten years of research it was found that chemical and physical soil properties had, in general, been only marginally affected by the different experimental treatments. However, consistent studies have shown that certain trends regarding specific factors of greater importance have emerged, which were not observed during the first five year period. Should they persist, the yield potential of the soil could be substantially affected in the long run.
Soil reaction, organic carbon content, cation exchange capacity, and aggregate stability have proven to be relatively stable values. Changes of greater significance were evidenced regarding the character of the air-water regime, a factor of particular importance for this site. Obviously, crop rotation had a marked impact on soil compaction. Therefore under local research conditions, the yield potential of the soil will, in the short term, be most likely endangered by structural soil changes. 相似文献
VI. Examination of progressive differences regarding chemical and physical factors of the yield potential of a soil conducted over the period 1973 through to 1983
In order to investigate the influence of different crop management practices such as crop rotation, fertilizer treatments, and herbicide applications on the yield potential of a soil, the Crop Science Department of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich) conducted a long term field experiment commencing 1973. The experimental location was at the Swiss Federal Research Station for Farm Management and Agricultural Engineering at Tänikon/TG (northeastern Switzerland).
Over ten years of research it was found that chemical and physical soil properties had, in general, been only marginally affected by the different experimental treatments. However, consistent studies have shown that certain trends regarding specific factors of greater importance have emerged, which were not observed during the first five year period. Should they persist, the yield potential of the soil could be substantially affected in the long run.
Soil reaction, organic carbon content, cation exchange capacity, and aggregate stability have proven to be relatively stable values. Changes of greater significance were evidenced regarding the character of the air-water regime, a factor of particular importance for this site. Obviously, crop rotation had a marked impact on soil compaction. Therefore under local research conditions, the yield potential of the soil will, in the short term, be most likely endangered by structural soil changes. 相似文献
2.
长期定位施肥对土壤有机质、不同形态氮含量及作物产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过长期定位试验,研究不同施肥处理对河北省低平原区土壤有机质、不同氮形态含量及作物产量的影响,旨在为该区冬小麦–夏玉米轮作系统秸秆全量还田下土壤肥力和作物产量的提高提供理论依据。结果表明,经过36个小麦玉米轮作周期的不同施肥处理后,与不施肥处理（CK）相比,施肥可以提高土壤有机质和全氮含量,且随化肥施用量的增加而逐渐增加。在化肥施用量≤N 360kg/hm2+P2O5 240kg/hm2时,秸秆还田较不还田可显著提高土壤有机质和全氮含量,在化肥施用量为N 540kg/hm2+P2O5 360kg/hm2时,增加速度减缓。与CK相比,长期施肥提高了土壤碱解氮和硝态氮含量,而对土壤铵态氮含量没有显著影响。单施化肥时,表层土壤碱解氮和硝态氮含量随氮肥施用量的增加而增加;在秸秆还田下,N360+P240+S9000处理表层土壤碱解氮和硝态氮含量最高。施肥显著提高了作物产量,单施化肥处理,小麦、玉米产量均随施肥量的增加而逐渐增加;秸秆还田条件下,小麦产量在化肥施用量≤N 360kg/hm2+P2O5 240kg/hm2时较单独施用化肥的处理增产。由以上结果可知,长期施肥可提高土壤肥力,增加土壤有机质和全氮含量,适宜的氮肥施用量配合秸秆还田可固持土壤有机碳和全氮,过量氮肥不利于土壤有机质的累积。长期单施化肥或化肥配合秸秆还田均可提高土壤碱解氮和硝态氮含量,对土壤铵态氮含量无显著影响。长期施肥可提高作物产量,在秸秆还田条件下,化肥施用量为N 360kg/hm2+P2O5 240kg/hm2时,增产效果较好。 相似文献
3.
Long-term effects of potassium fertilization on yields and fertility status of calcareous soils of south-west France 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
A long-term field experiment was conducted near Toulouse (south-west France) to verify to what extent increasing fertilizer dressings would increase yields on calcareous soils in a cereals-oilseeds-legumes rotation. Over a 25-year period, withholding K significantly depressed yield once; K inputs affected the total amount of K absorbed at flowering, without subsequent effects on yields.
Exchangeable K content on non-fertilized plots declined slightly over the experimental period, but without reaching levels expected from nutrient balance estimates. Annual applications of K equal to average offtake in grain were adequate to maintain available soil K content at its initial value.
Potassium release kinetics for the exchangeable fraction, evaluated from Ca-resin extraction, clearly discriminated between fertilized and non-fertilized treatments. Both soils exhibited similar patterns for diffusion-controlled K release. These results highlight the role of K reserves readily available in illite-rich calcareous soils and demonstrate the importance of cultural residues in K fertility management. 相似文献
4.
不同施肥管理模式对番茄-黄瓜轮作体系土壤氮素流失及蔬菜产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对设施蔬菜栽培过程中肥料输入过量造成的土质退化及环境问题,研究番茄-黄瓜长期轮作体系不同施肥模式下土壤氮的淋失动态,及对作物产量影响的作用机理,为研究区域设施农业合理施肥制度的建立提供理论支持。2013—2015 年以宁夏设施番茄-黄瓜轮作体系为研究对象,设置常规施肥(CF)、减量施肥(OF)、减量+麦草(OFM)、有机肥(M)、对照处理(CK)共5 个处理。分析了不同时期土壤氮的淋失动态、淋失量、淋失系数的变化规律,以及不同施肥模式下土壤养分淋失对设施作物产量的作用途径。结果表明,施肥措施都增加了土壤氮素的淋溶,且CF处理下土壤全氮的淋失量最大,相对于对照,不同时期的全氮累计淋失量增加了87.6~141.8 kg/hm2。相对于对照处理,不同施肥处理下作物总累积产量增幅为13.9%~130.6%,其中CF 与OFM处理产量增幅最大,且两者差异之间不显著。CF 模式下,作物产量主要受土壤全氮、硝态氮的淋失影响;而OFM模式下则主要受制于土壤硝态氮的淋失作用。减量施肥+麦草施肥模式可以有效降低土壤氮的淋失量,增加养分的作物有效性,是适合研究区域土壤环境条件的较优施肥模式。 相似文献
5.
长期水稻-冬油菜轮作模式下钾肥的适宜用量 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究长期施用钾肥对水稻-冬油菜轮作系统作物生产力、钾肥利用率和土壤供钾能力的影响,为水旱轮作区钾肥的统筹分配提供科学依据。2011—2016年在湖北省粮油主要生产区江汉平原布置中稻-冬油菜轮作定位田间试验。共设5个钾肥用量处理,分别为0 kg hm~(-2)(K0),45 kg hm~(-2)(K1),90 kg hm~(-2)(K2),135 kg hm~(-2)(K3)和180 kg hm~(-2)(K4),其中K2处理为当地测土配方推荐钾肥用量(K2O 90 kg hm~(-2))。在土壤供钾能力较高情况下,水稻和油菜年均产量分别为6.87 t hm~(-2)和2.25 t hm~(-2),经过一个轮作周期后施用钾肥具有明显的增产效果,且冬油菜季的产量和地上部吸钾量增幅最为明显,分别为16.9%和63.8%。长期施用推荐钾肥用量后,水稻和冬油菜的钾肥农学利用率年均分别为5.1kg kg–1和3.2 kg kg–1,而钾肥吸收利用率和钾肥贡献率水稻季明显低于冬油菜,这表明水稻吸收的钾素主要来自土壤,而冬油菜则需要较多的外源钾来满足自身对养分的需求。通过线性加平台肥效模型拟合得出,水稻季适宜钾肥用量为70.5~100.9 kg hm~(-2),平均96.6 kg hm~(-2),比推荐用量提高了7.3%;冬油菜季适宜钾肥用量为75.6~118.2 kg hm~(-2),平均107.0 kg hm~(-2),比推荐用量提高18.9%,且冬油菜对钾肥需求高于水稻。因此,在本试验条件下,长期施用年均推荐钾肥用量(180 kg hm~(-2))不仅影响作物产量的稳定性,还导致轮作系统钾素持续亏缺和土壤有效钾含量降低,故钾肥应优先施用于油菜季并且重视作物秸秆还田、归还秸秆钾素,以维持农田钾素平衡和生产力可持续性。 相似文献
6.
Effects of climate variability and change on yields of pearl millet have frequently been evaluated but yield responses to combined changes in crop management and climate are not well understood. The objectives of this study were to determine the combined effects of nutrient fertilization management and climatic variability on yield of pearl millet in the Republic of Niger. Considered fertilization treatments refer to (i) no fertilization and the use of (ii) crop residues, (iii) mineral fertilizer and (iv) a combination of both. A crop simulation model (DSSAT 4.5) was evaluated by using data from field experiments reported in the literature and applied to estimate pearl millet yields for two historical periods and under projected climate change. Combination of crop residues and mineral fertilizer resulted in higher pearl millet yields compared to sole application of crop residues or fertilizer. Pearl millet yields showed a strong response to mean temperature under all fertilization practices except the combined treatment in which yields showed higher correlation to precipitation. The crop model reproduced reported yields well including the detected sensitivity of crop yields to mean temperature, but underestimated the response of yields to precipitation for the treatments in which crop residues were applied. The crop model simulated yield declines due to projected climate change by −11 to −62% depending on the scenario and time period. Future crop yields in the combined crop residues + fertilizer treatment were still larger than crop yields in the control treatment with baseline climate, underlining the importance of crop management for climate change adaptation. We conclude that nutrient fertilization and other crop yield limiting factors need to be considered when analyzing and assessing the impact of climate variability and change on crop yields. 相似文献
7.
褐潮土长期定位不同施肥制度土壤生产功能演化研究 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
通过14年长期定位试验研究了褐潮土不同施肥制度对土壤生产功能、产量可持续性指数及农学效率的影响。结果表明，N、P为褐潮土作物高产的主要限制因子，14年产量平均，NPK比CK、N、NK、PK分别增产459%、386%、280%、205%（小麦）和154%、108%、87%、78%（玉米）；NPK+M(NPK配施厩肥)比NPK平均增产12%，NPK+S(NPK加秸秆)与NPK产量相当。NPK及NPK配施有机肥（包括厩肥和秸秆）处理的小麦、玉米产量可持续性指数高于N、P不均衡施用处理。化肥肥效因作物种类、施肥组合而不同，N肥单施时小麦和玉米N的农学效率降低，而NPK配施时N的农学效率有上升趋势，平均分别为16 kg/kg N（小麦）和14 kg/kg N（玉米）；磷肥肥效具有短期的叠加效应，P的农学效率小麦大于玉米，种植10年后P的农学效率最高可达最初的4.5～7倍；K的农学效率在试验进行十年后NK处理平均为负值，同期NPK处理中小麦K的农学效率却急剧增加，K成为作物高产的限制因素；有机肥对小麦和玉米的农学效率分别为21 kg/t和25 kg/t，秸秆对小麦和玉米的农学效率分别为负值和37 kg/t。NPK均衡施肥能提高土壤有机质、全N、全P、速效N、速效P等肥力指标；NPK配施有机肥能加快土壤有机质和N、P、K养分的积累；NPK不均衡施肥导致土壤中此种营养元素的耗竭。 相似文献
8.
To determine the effect of different preceding crops and crop rotations on the grain yield of oil-seed rape, a long-term rotation experiment was conducted at the Hohenschulen experimental station in Kiel, NW Germany. Additional factors included the nitrogen fertilization and the fungicide application. The results reported herein are based upon the harvest years 1988 to 1993. Averaged over the different rotations and husbandry treatments, the grain yields in the 6 experimental years varied between 2.71 t ha?1 and 3.99 t ha?1. In contrast, the effect of the different husbandry treatments was smaller and non significant. Averaged over 6 years, only the fungicide application caused small yield increase of 0.2 t ha?1. The highest grain yields of 3.77 t ha?1 or 3.65 t ha?1 occurred when oil-seed rape was directly following peas. Low yields between 3.15 tha?1 and 3.33 tha?1 were obtained when oil-seed rape was grown after oilseed rape. The lowest grain yield of 3.13 t ha?1 was produced with oil-seed rape grown in monoculture only. In rotations with oil-seed rape following a preceding cereal crop (wheat or barley), the grain yields averaged between 3.22 tha?1 in a two course rotation and up to 3.44 tha?1 in a four course rotation. In general, the yields of oil-seed rape increase with the length of the rotation and the length of the break between two oilseed rape crops. The yield component number of seeds per m2 was affected by the previous cropping accordingly, whereas the thousand seed weight did not respond to the cropping history. Based upon disease assessments in the first years of this experiment, we argue that an increase in the incidence of fungal diseases has considerably contributed to the yield decrease of oil-seed rape in short rotations. 相似文献
9.
Foliar fertilizers (FF) applied at the reproductive growth stage was reported to increase soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) yield in field trials. But yield increases have not been consistent. Field experiments were conducted on Calloway silt loam soil in 1981—1982 to determine the effect of two foliar fertilizer (FF) formulations, 16N + 4P + 4K + 1 S (Hanway) and 12 N + 4 P + 4 K + 0.5 S (Folian), and time of application, 0800- and 1900-h, on the growth of seven soybean cultivars from maturity groups V, VI, and VII. Foliar fertilizers were applied at a rate of 187 L/ha?1 in water by a backpack CO2 pressure sprayer at R5 to R6 growth stages. Foliar fertilizers caused no crop injury (leaf burn) when applied at 1900-h but caused moderate injury at 0800-h, which caused a yield reduction. The most significant crop injury was caused by Hanway formulation when applied at 0800-h. Yields were significantly reduced by FF in 1981 but not in 1982. Generally, Folian formulation treatments had higher yields than Hanway formulation treatments, but neither formulation increased yield above that of the untreated plants. The Bragg cultivar exhibited the least amount of crop injury and the most positive yield response to FF. Plant height, 100-seed weight and lodging rates were not adversely affected by the foliar applications. Due to the general lack of consistent yield increases or in some instances yield reduction from FF applications, the formulations used cannot be recommended for use by soybean producers. 相似文献
10.
11.
以砂姜黑土区小麦玉米轮作制为研究对象,探讨不同有机肥替代化肥比例对小麦、玉米产量和土壤物理、化学性质的影响,为砂姜黑土区有机肥合理施用提供理论依据。2012—2020年,在安徽省蒙城县开展了定位试验,试验设置不施氮肥对照(CK)、常量化肥(F)、在常量化肥基础上有机肥氮替代20%化肥氮(F0.8M0.2)、在常量化肥基础上有机肥氮替代40%化肥氮(F0.6M0.4)、在常量化肥基础上有机肥氮替代60%化肥氮(F0.4M0.6)、在常量化肥基础上有机肥氮替代80%化肥氮(F0.2M0.8)、有机肥氮替代100%化肥氮(M)等7个处理,小区面积30 m2,重复3 次。结果表明：有机肥替代比例为20%时,小麦多年平均产量增加1.8%,玉米上有机肥替代比例为40%时,多年平均产量增加0.2%,随有机肥替代化肥比例的增加,作物产量有降低趋势。回归分析表明,小麦上有机肥替代比例为10.4%、玉米上为25.6%时可获得最高小麦、玉米产量。随着试验年限的延长,高比例有机替代处理小麦、玉米相对产量逐渐提高。有机肥替代化肥能提高土壤pH,能降低土壤容重。有机肥替代化肥可以提高土壤有机质和全氮含量,随着有机肥替代比例的增加,土壤有机质和全氮含量呈上升趋势;有机肥替代化肥对土壤有效磷和速效钾含量的影响受磷钾素投入量、作物产量、土壤中磷钾素的有效性等因素综合影响。砂姜黑土区小麦玉米轮作下,小麦季适宜的有机替代比例为20%,玉米上为40%,高于这一比例,小麦、玉米产量下降,随着试验年限的延长,有机肥残效迭加效应增加;有机肥替代部分化肥可以改善土壤生态环境,提高土壤有机质和全氮含量,提高土壤肥力水平;有机肥替代化肥作物的产量效应受有机肥替代比例、试验持续年限等众多因素的影响,只有通过连续多年的定位研究,才能得出适合区域的有机肥氮替代化肥氮的最佳比例。 相似文献
12.
滨海盐碱地不同培肥方式对作物产量及土壤肥力的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为给滨海盐碱地区土壤培肥及作物高产高效提供一定的理论指导,采用随机区组试验设计,以滨海盐碱地冬小麦-夏玉米轮作模式为例,通过大田试验,研究了氮肥、高效有机肥、改良剂不同配比对小麦、玉米产量及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,在滨海盐碱地上种植冬小麦施用氮肥、有机肥及土壤改良剂均可提高籽粒产量,且三者增产幅度分别为9.52%~29.52%,2.30%~17.82%,2.19%~11.48%;玉米季施用氮肥、有机肥均可提高玉米产量,增产幅度分别为29.37%~45.74%,1.69%~11.15%,小麦改良剂的后效对玉米也有明显增产效果,增产幅度为3.50%~8.33%。盐碱地施用氮肥、有机肥、改良剂对于提高土壤肥力效果明显,其中O3(N_2O3A2)效果最佳,土壤速效氮磷钾含量均最高;施用土壤改良剂能增加土壤有机质含量,且能降低土壤盐碱含量。通过建立施肥效应模型,获得本试验条件下周年小麦玉米总产量最高可达16 770.46 kg/hm~2,对应的氮肥、有机肥、改良剂周年施用量分别为763,2 250,3 167 kg/hm~2。因此,滨海盐碱地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作模式施肥应重视氮肥、有机肥及土壤改良剂的配合施用,可获得一定的作物高产。 相似文献
13.
探究不同改良剂对元胡-水稻轮作下酸化农田土壤的改良效果。以元胡-水稻轮作为研究对象,设置元胡单季施用改良剂和元胡-水稻两季均施用改良剂处理下,分析作物收获后土壤化学性状和作物产量经济效益。结果表明：石灰、钙镁磷肥、酸性土壤调理剂在两季作物上连续施用,提升土壤pH、交换性钙、两季作物产量的效果高于在元胡单季施用;连续施用钙镁磷肥和酸性土壤调理剂能补充土壤钾素、提高土壤交换性镁含量;连续施用钙镁磷肥还能显著增加土壤有效磷和两季作物纯效益。综合来看,在元胡-水稻轮作酸化农田土壤改良生产实践中,推荐在元胡季施用1500 kg/hm2、水稻季施用 750 kg/hm2钙镁磷肥,以获得良好的改良效果和经济效益。 相似文献
14.
不同施氮量对马铃薯-小麦轮作体系产量及土壤氮素平衡的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了明确不同施氮处理对马铃薯-小麦轮作产量及其土壤养分平衡的影响,在内蒙古马铃薯繁育中心中旗试验基地进行肥力定位试验。以不施肥处理为对照（CK）,设置4个氮肥施用量梯度处理,分别是不施氮肥处理（N0）、减氮2/3处理（ON1）、减氮1/3处理（ON2）、农户习惯施氮处理（FN）,研究马铃薯-小麦轮作产量年际变化以及土壤氮素平衡特征。研究表明：与FN相比,ON2的产量没有降低反而有所增加;同时,ON2的植株氮素吸收积累量高于FN,氮肥生产效率高于FN处理;ON1、ON2的耕层（0~30cm）土壤无机氮残留显著低于FN,而马铃薯-小麦轮作体系中氮素的表观损失主要发生在小麦种植季。本研究初步认为：在内蒙古马铃薯-小麦轮作区氮素过量施用地区,对马铃薯-小麦轮作体系氮肥减施1/3可实现作物的稳产、提高氮素利用率,同时有效降低氮肥对环境污染的风险。 相似文献
15.
生物腐植酸配施不同量肥料对土壤性质及油菜产量的影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了研究生物腐植酸配施不同量化学肥料对土壤性质及作物产量的影响。通过盆栽试验,研究了生物腐植酸肥在作物生长过程中对土壤性质的影响。结果表明,生物腐植酸的施用可以减少化学肥料的用量,也可以提高土壤中全氮、有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾的含量,并达到改善土壤性质和提高油菜产量的目的。生物腐植酸和化学肥料的用量对土壤性质和油菜的产量有着显著的影响,所以油菜生长化学肥料的用量减少量应为20%。总体来看,生物腐植酸和肥料对油菜的生长具有多方面的影响因素,其用量及配比应该综合考虑土壤性质及肥料利用率的基础上确定。 相似文献
16.
Knowledge of optimum fertilization for com production is required to increase crop yields while minimizing fertilizer costs. Field experiments were carried out from 1988 to 1993 to study the effects of fertilizer N rates on yield and N concentration of corn ( Zea mays L.) grain on a clay soil in Quebec. Grain yields and grain N concentrations generally followed a exponential relationship with increasing N fertilizer rates. The critical grain N concentration, defined as that associated with the highest grain yield, occurred at 285 kg N ha-1 for all years except 1969 when it occurred at 170 kg N ha-1 . The critical grain N concentrations and grain yields over the years were found to be linearly related. The relationship between the critical grain N concentration and grain yield could serve as a diagnostic tool for N applications. 相似文献
17.
苏丹草-黑麦草轮作制中施肥对饲料产量、养分吸收与土壤性质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大田试验条件下采用苏丹草(Sorghum sudanense)与黑麦草(Lolium L.)轮作,分别设CK(不施肥)、NP(施氮磷肥)、NK(施氮钾肥)、PK(施磷钾肥)、NPK(施氮磷钾肥) 5个处理研究施肥对饲草产量、养分吸收及土壤养分的影响。结果表明,氮磷钾肥配施显著提高苏丹草与黑麦草鲜草产量,2005—2006年与2006—2007年两季饲草分别为162.7 t hm-2、114.9 t hm-2,分别比同期PK、NK、NP处理增产312.9%、26.9%、17.9%和338.5%、20.3%、17.2%。施肥影响饲草的氮、磷、钾含量,且氮磷钾配施可以改善饲草养分吸收,2005—2006年NPK处理的饲草N、P、K吸收量分别为500 kg hm-2、91 kg hm-2和997 kg hm-2,2006—2007年NPK处理的饲草N、P、K吸收量分别为312 kg hm-2、56 kg hm-2和402 kg hm-2。轮作系统中,氮磷钾肥配施条件下氮、磷盈余最少,而钾亏缺。在苏丹草-黑麦草轮作制中,随着种植次数的增多,各施肥处理土壤有机质、全氮均有不同程度上升,施磷(NPK、NP、PK)处理的速效磷、施钾(NPK、NK、PK)处理的速效钾均有上升,而NK处理的速效磷、NP处理的速效钾略有下降。 相似文献
18.
施肥对马铃薯淀粉废水灌溉农田的培肥效应 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为解决宁南山区马铃薯淀粉加工废水还田的施肥技术难题,以3年灌溉马铃薯加工淀粉废水农田土壤为对象,以青贮玉米为供试作物,利用田间试验探讨了不同施肥处理对马铃薯淀粉废水灌溉农田的土壤培肥效应和作物产量效应。结果表明,与对照不施肥相比,增施化肥或生物有机肥以及化肥与生物有机肥配施均对青贮玉米产量没有显著影响。增施生物有机肥提高了0-20cm土壤有机质、速效钾含量,20-40cm土壤速效磷含量增加了1倍左右,同时也增加了0-60cm剖面土壤碱解氮和全磷累积量,形成了40-60cm土壤速效钾富集区。减施30%化肥配施生物有机肥(30%HF+WF)处理可显著提高0-60cm剖面土壤全氮含量;各施肥处理之间0-60cm剖面土壤全钾含量无显著差异。因此,在3年灌溉马铃薯加工淀粉废水农田土壤条件下种植青贮玉米,不施任何肥料能保证作物产量,但适量增施生物有机肥对土壤培肥和产量效应更好。 相似文献
19.
秸秆还田与生物炭配施对麦-玉轮作体系产量和氮素利用率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过探究秸秆还田与生物炭配施对麦-玉轮作体系产量和氮素利用率的影响,为黄褐土粮食生产科学施肥提供指导。本研究选取不施肥(CK)、单施生物炭(B)、单施化肥(NPK)、化肥配施秸秆(NPKS)、化肥配施生物炭(NPKB)和化肥配施生物炭和秸秆处理(NPKBS),分析不同处理对作物产量、养分含量和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明：秸秆与生物炭配施化肥均可显著提高作物穗粒数、产量、土壤全氮、碱解氮、植株籽粒氮积累量;秸秆与生物炭配施化肥均可以显著提高氮素利用率,且小麦利用率高于玉米,真实利用率较当季利用率提高了17.72%~37.43%,其中化肥配施生物炭和秸秆效果最好。综上,化肥配施生物炭和秸秆可以显著提高作物产量,提高氮素真实利用率。 相似文献
20.
秸秆还田与化肥配施对汉中盆地稻麦轮作农田土壤固碳及经济效益的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
WU Yu-Hong HAO Xing-Shun TIAN Xiao-Hong CHEN Hao ZHANG Chun-Hui CUI Yue-Zhen QIN Yu-Hang 《作物学报》2020,46(2):259-268
为汉中盆地秸秆还田技术和合理化肥减量技术提供科学依据,2015—2017年小麦和水稻生长季,设置秸秆不还田+常规施肥(SN+NPK);秸秆常规还田+常规施肥(S+NPK);秸秆促腐还田+常规施肥(SD+NPK);秸秆促腐还田+化肥减量15%(SD+85%NPK);秸秆促腐还田+化肥减量30%(SD+70%NPK),共5个处理,研究其对土壤总有机碳(TOC)、活性有机碳(LOC)、碳储量(SCS)、作物产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明与秸秆不还田配施常规施肥处理(SN+NPK)相比,秸秆还田配施不同比例化肥处理显著提高了稻田0～15cm土层的TOC和LOC,增幅分别为3.62%～25.07%和23.01%～46.79%; S+NPK和SD+NPK处理提高了0～30 cm碳储量,增幅分别为4.67%和18.20%。而SD+85%NPK和SD+70%NPK分别降低8.31%和9.83%。S+NPK和SD+NPK处理显著增加了小麦和水稻籽粒产量,而SD+85%NPK和SD+70%NPK处理均降低了小麦和水稻产量,周年产量2年平均增幅分别为3.47%、8.70%、-3.65%、-8.12%。与SN+NPK处理相比, S+NPK、SD+NPK、SD+85%NPK、SD+70%NPK处理周年经济效益2年平均增幅分别为16.91%、23.56%、6.02%、1.06%。土壤有机碳、作物产量和经济效益SD+NPK处理的最高, S+NPK处理次之,SD+70%NPK处理最低,与之相比,SD+85%NPK处理在小麦和水稻两季共减少化肥80kghm–2,作物周年产量降低不明显,经济效益略有增加。秸秆还田与常规化肥配施是提高汉中盆地稻麦轮作体系农田固碳、产量及经济效益的最佳措施,两季作物全量还田条件下化肥用量减少15%是适宜该区域的绿色生产模式。 相似文献