共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
马铃薯转基因研究进展 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
简要介绍马铃薯转基因技术方法,着重对已获得的转抗真菌病基因、抗病毒基因、抗虫基因、改良品质基因的马铃薯的特征特性,以及将马铃薯作为植物生物反应器来生产有用蛋白质和疫苗等方面的研究成果进行了综述,同时还对转基因马铃薯的生物安全性作了评价和展望。 相似文献
5.
马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)作为最重要的粮食作物之一,在全世界范围内被广泛种植,但马铃薯栽培种均不耐低温霜冻且马铃薯栽培种种内几乎没有遗传变异,在生产过程中通常遭受霜冻而导致严重减产甚至绝收。马铃薯野生种中具有丰富的抗寒种质资源,部分野生种材料耐低温霜冻能力强并且能通过短暂的冷驯化使耐低温霜冻性得到进一步提高,是改良普通栽培品种耐冻性的重要种质资源。已有研究表明至少在35个马铃薯野生种中发现有耐低温霜冻的无性系存在。在所有具有强抗寒能力野生种当中,S. commersonii和S. acaule被认为是抗寒能力最强的2个野生种,是改良马铃薯耐冻性的重要基因资源。随着近年来气候变化加剧,极端天气愈来愈频繁,引进马铃薯野生种质资源并评价其耐冻能力,挖掘植物自身的耐冻基因,解析耐冻机制,进而培育耐低温霜冻的马铃薯品种尤显必要。 相似文献
6.
我国马铃薯抗病毒基因工程研究进展 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11
10年来我国已合成克隆了PVX、PVY、PLRV的外壳蛋白基因 ,复制酶基因 ,蛋白酶基因 ,基因调控序列 ,核酶cDNA及其他各种基因并进行了序列分析。建立了完善的致瘤农杆菌介导的马铃薯转化技术。通过外壳蛋白基因介导 ,复制酶基因介导 ,表达基因调控序列和核酶等基因工程途径 ,获得了一批不同程度上抗PVX、PVY、PVX和PVY ,PVY和PLRV ,PLRY及高抗PSTVd的转基因马铃薯栽培种。这些转基因马铃薯多数已进入田间试验。不久一批抗病毒的优质高产的马铃薯栽培种 ,经过进一步发育 ,必将在生产中推广应用。抗病毒转基因马铃薯培育成功 ,为我国马铃薯病毒病害防治开辟了一条崭新的途径 ,也必将有力地促进我国马铃薯生产的发展 相似文献
7.
定西市马铃薯种质资源引进与利用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为了明确从国内外引进的马铃薯种质资源在定西旱作区的表现,分早熟、中熟、晚熟,采用对比法对45份马铃薯种质资源的形态学特征、生物学特性进行了鉴定分析和评价。试验结果表明:在引进的45份材料中,晚熟材料有23份,田间抗病性强的材料有10份,抗旱性强的材料有23份,商品薯率在80%以上的材料有8份。对种质资源进行育种利用,通过配置优良组合,进一步挖掘资源潜力,筛选出‘冀张薯8号’等优良亲本材料。同时提出加强种质资源的深入鉴定,进行以拓宽遗传基础为主要目的的种质创新,丰富其遗传多样性,为以后针对不同用途利用这些资源提供有价值的参考依据。 相似文献
8.
为了明确从国内外引进的马铃薯种质资源在定西旱作区的表现,分早熟、中熟、晚熟,采用对比法对45份马铃薯种质资源的形态学特征、生物学特性进行了鉴定分析和评价。试验结果表明:在引进的45份材料中,晚熟材料有23份,田间抗病性强的材料有10份,抗旱性强的材料有23份,商品薯率在80%以上的材料有8份。对种质资源进行育种利用,通过配置优良组合,进一步挖掘资源潜力,筛选出‘冀张薯8号’等优良亲本材料。同时提出加强种质资源的深入鉴定,进行以拓宽遗传基础为主要目的的种质创新,丰富其遗传多样性,为以后针对不同用途利用这些资源提供有价值的参考依据。 相似文献
9.
10.
以EH92-527-1转基因马铃薯为试材,应用多重PCR技术同时扩增马铃薯的内源基因(UGPase)和外源基因(NOS终止子、NPTII结构基因和EH92-527-1品系特异基因),将扩增产物在DHPLC非变性条件下分离,分析几个基因扩增的结果;将模板进行稀释,确定了方法的检测灵敏度,并与凝胶电泳结果相比较,建立了马铃薯转基因成分筛选检测及品系鉴定的多重PCR-变性高效液相色谱(DHPLC)方法。试验结果表明,该方法能够同时筛选检测转基因马铃薯的四个内、外源基因,且与凝胶成像相比,有更好的检测灵敏度,可达到1 ng/μL。本文首次建立的马铃薯多重PCR-DHPLC检测方法,能够高通量快速准确的检测马铃薯中的转基因成分及对品系进行鉴定。 相似文献
11.
12.
根癌农杆菌介导的马铃薯高效遗传转化体系的研究 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
通过根癌农杆菌介导的遗传转化方法,建立了马铃薯栽培品种“费乌瑞它(Favorita)”茎段和试管薯的遗传转化体系,其转化频率分别可达25.6%和36.8%。实验结果表明,玉米素有助于茎段和试管薯转化再生芽的分化,乙酰丁香酮可以提高茎段的转化率,但对试管薯的转化作用效果不明显。卡那霉素生根筛选和PCR鉴定结果显示,在分化培养基上再生的转化植株假阳性率较高,在遗传转化工作中要加大转基因植株的数量,才有可能获得所期望的转基因植株群体。 相似文献
13.
Transgenic herbicide-resistant sweet potato plants [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] produced through a biolistic transformation were used in this study. The objectives of this research were to (a) quantify resistance levels of transgenic sweet potato expressing the bar gene to glutamine synthetase (GS)-inhibitors, glufosinate and methionine sulfoximine, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicide, oxyfluorfen and photosynthesis-inhibiting herbicide, paraquat; (b) compare the relative chlorophyll content, quantum yield, growth, and tuberous root yield between transgenic and wild-type sweet potato; (c) compare the response of transgenic and wild-type sweet potato plants to chilling and high temperature, and (d) compare amino acids, minerals and sugar contents of transgenic and wild-type sweet potato tubers. The transgenic sweet potato lines were 20-82-fold more resistant to glufosinate than the wild-type. The representative transgenic line 7171 also showed resistance to methionine sulfoximine, but was not resistant to oxyfluorfen and paraquat, which have different target sites. The stem length, number of leaves, petiole length, shoot fresh weight, and storage roots of transgenic lines were lower than those of the wild-type in field experiments. Reduced growth and root yield were not due to reduced quantum yield and relative chlorophyll contents. Glufosinate increased the ammonium accumulation in leaves of wild-type plants, but had minimal or no effect on leaves of transgenic line 7171. There were differences in mineral contents, free sugars, total amino acids, and free amino acids in the petiole and storage roots between wild-type and line 7171. There was no difference in drought tolerance between wild-type and line 7171, but the transgenic line was more tolerant to chilling temperature than wild-type plants. Follow-up research is required to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the growth and yield differences, different nutritional values, and differential response to low temperature between wild-type and transgenic sweet potato. 相似文献
14.
15.
16.
The genetic resources available for the improvement of the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) are reviewed along with progress in their utilisation. The conclusions are as follows. The wild and cultivated species of potato have been utilised in potato breeding to good effect, but only a very small sample of the available biodiversity has been exploited. New knowledge and technology will open possibilities for much greater use of these genetic resources in breeding. The strategy for utilising the cultivars native to Latin America will either be the introgression of desirable genes or the direct use of parents from improved populations, depending on how far modern S. tuberosum cultivars have genetically diverged from them and the extent to which S. tuberosum cultivars have been improved in the process. Molecular marker-assisted selection will be used for faster introgression of desirable genes from wild species, and the possibility exists of moving genes directly from wild species to cultivated potato with transgenic methods. New cultivars will continue to come from crosses between pairs of parents with complementary features but adapted to local growing conditions. However, increasingly these parents will possess desirable genes which have been introgressed from wild species and may also be from complementary groups of cultivated germplasm to exploit hybrid vigour. Successful cultivars may be genetically modified, if consumers see benefits in the use of the technology, to introduce genes not present in cultivated potatoes and their wild relatives to achieve novel biochemistry and further desirable improvements. 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
植物转基因技术及其应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
植物转基因技术是研究植物基因功能及对植物各种农艺性状进行改良的重要手段之一。近几十年来,植物转基因研究已成为国内外植物分子遗传学研究的热点并取得显著进展。文章综述了植物转基因技术的原理及迄今为止在植物中常见的转基因技术的方法,概括了植物转基因的应用现状与前景。 相似文献
20.
LED光源在马铃薯种质资源试管苗保存的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究分别以LED和日光灯为光源,以10份不同栽培区的马铃薯种质资源试管苗为试验材料,比较分别在两种光源下,不同栽培区马铃薯种质资源试管苗的生长差异,确定LED光源下马铃薯种质资源试管苗是否能正常生长。通过对马铃薯试管苗7个数量性状的统计分析,结果表明:两种光源下,10份不同栽培区的马铃薯种质资源试管苗生长趋势基本一致;两种光源下,不同栽培区马铃薯种质资源7个数量性状t测验结果,除南中552的根条数差异显著外,其他性状差异不显著。通过数量性状统计分析结果,说明在LED光源下保存马铃薯种质资源试管苗是可行的。 相似文献