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1.
A laboratory study assessed the contact toxicity of indoxacarb, abamectin, endosulfan, insecticidal soap, S-kinoprene and dimethoate to Amblyseius fallacis (Garman), Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot and nymphs of Orius insidiosus (Say). Amblyseius fallacis is a predacious phytoseiid mite and an integral part of integrated pest management (IPM) programmes in North American apple orchards. The other two beneficials are widely used in greenhouses to manage various arthropod pests infesting vegetable and ornamental crops. Indoxacarb is a slow-acting insecticide, so toxicity data were recorded 7 days post-treatment when the data had stabilised. It showed no toxicity to O. insidiosus nymphs or to A. fallacis or P. persimilis adults. The LC50 values for O. insidiosus nymphs and P. persimilis could not be estimated with their associated confidence limits, because the g values were greater than 0.5 and under such circumstances the lethal concentration would lie outside the limits. The LC50 for A. fallacis was 7.6x the label rate. The fecundity of P. persimilis was reduced by 26.7%. The eclosion of treated eggs from both species of beneficial mites was not affected adversely. Among the other pest control products, S-kinoprene and endosulfan affected adversely at least one species of the predators, whereas dimethoate, abamectin and insecticidal soap were very toxic to all three beneficials. Indoxacarb should be evaluated as a pest control product in IPM programmes. 相似文献
2.
UDA-245 is a Chenopodium-based natural insecticide. Forty-eight hours after treatment with this compound, Orius insidiosus (Say) and Aphidius colemani Viereck showed slight contact toxicity at 5 g AI liter(-1). There was no residual toxicity to A colemani. These two beneficials are currently used in commercial flower and vegetable greenhouses for the management of thrips, spider mites, aphids and small caterpillars. In contrast, abamectin and insecticidal soap were toxic by contact to both species. UDA-245 did not reduce the number of eggs laid by treated O insidiosus. The eclosion of these eggs was also not adversely affected by UDA-245. The other two insecticides, abamectin and insecticidal soap had no effect on the emergence of A colemani from treated aphid mummies. However, abamectin decreased the percentage of aphid parasitism by A colemani following a residual treatment. The LC50 for UDA-245 for the two beneficials is slightly over twice the recommended field dose. 相似文献
3.
BACKGROUND: The effects of an insecticidal soap on the survival, fitness and behaviour of an aphid parasitoid wasp, Aphidius colemani (Viereck), were studied in the laboratory. The LC(50) (soap concentration causing 50% mortality 24 h after treatment) was determined. The survival of parasitoid larvae (% adult emergence), fitness (tibia length of adults) and number of eggs produced per female parasitoid that survived in third- and fourth-instar aphids treated with insecticidal soap LC(50) were also assessed. The LC(50) for third- and fourth-instar aphids was determined to be 3.25 g L(-1). Acceptance by female parasitoids of aphids that survived their LC(50) was also tested. RESULTS: The soap concentration causing 100% mortality in adult wasps 24 h after treatment was 17.5 g L(-1). The LC(50) was 2.75 g L(-1). Soap did not have any effect on the survival of parasitoid immatures or on the fitness or number of eggs produced per female parasitoid. Wasps that were in contact with treated aphids did not oviposit as much in them as in untreated aphids, indicating that female parasitoids detected aphids treated with insecticidal soap. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that aphid parasitoids released following treatment with insecticidal soap are likely to accept a lower proportion of the surviving aphids. Biological control programmes could be ameliorated by soap applications if the latter were made 1 day before the release of wasps in the greenhouse. 相似文献
4.
Indoxacarb is a novel oxadiazine pro-insecticide that has no toxic effects on the adults, fecundity and eclosion of Amblyseius fallacis (Garman), a predacious phytoseiid, or Agistemus fleschneri Summers, a predacious stigmaeid. It is toxic to Hyaliodes vitripennis (Say), a predacious mirid that has been reported from several Quebec orchards where IPM programs are used. The LC50 for this mirid is about one-half of the recommended dose (0.054 g AI litre(-1)) of indoxacarb for apple orchards. Following an application, the intoxicated mirids remained motionless as their prolegs and posterior had paralyzed. Twenty-four hours later, they appeared smaller, shrunken and severely desiccated. 相似文献
5.
The use of selective insecticides may improve conservation of natural enemies and therefore contribute to the success of integrated pest management (IPM) programs. In this study, the toxicity of two commonly used selective insecticides, indoxacarb and spinosad, to the multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), was evaluated. Third instars and adults of H. axyridis were exposed to indoxacarb at 50 and 100% of the field rate (FR), to spinosad at 100% FR and to water (untreated check) under laboratory conditions via three routes of exposure. Treatments were applied directly on insects (i.e., topical application), on Petri dishes (i.e., residues), or on soybean aphids, Aphis glycines Matsumara (i.e., treated prey). Mortality of exposed individuals in each life stage was recorded 2 and 7 days after treatment. Logistic regression indicated that indoxacarb at 100% FR, followed by indoxacarb at 50% FR, was more insecticidal than spinosad to third instars. Mortality was higher when H. axyridis were exposed to both insecticides via residues followed by treated prey. Indoxacarb at 100 or 50% FR was insecticidal to adults. Adults were tolerant to spinosad via all routes of exposure. The present results suggest that indoxacarb may decrease H. axyridis field populations by causing mortality to larvae and adults via all routes of exposure. Implications of the toxicity of indoxacarb to H. axyridis within an IPM context and possible reasons for the differences in susceptibility of H. axyridis for each route of exposure are discussed. 相似文献
6.
Bozsik A 《Pest management science》2006,62(7):651-654
Five insecticides (pyriproxifen, imidacloprid, deltamethrin + heptenophos, lambda-cyhalothrin and Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subsp. tenebrionis) were examined in the laboratory for their acute detrimental side-effects at field rates on adult seven-spot ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata L. The toxicity of the preparations was determined by measuring the acute surface contact effects (dried spray on leaves of Philadelphus coronarius L.), except for B. thuringiensis where mixed pollen was treated. Four to six concentrations were tested (pyriproxifen 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 mg AI litre(-1); imidacloprid 62.4, 125, 250, 500 mg AI litre(-1); deltamethrin + heptenophos 26.4, 53.1, 106.3, 212.5 mg AI litre(-1); lambda-cyhalothrin 1.1, 3.4, 10, 30 mg AI litre(-1); B. thuringiensis 1.5, 3.0, 12.0, 48, 192, 768 mg AI litre(-1)), with 22 adults exposed per concentration. All tests were conducted in the laboratory of the Plant Protection Department (University of Debrecen, Hungary) at 22-25 degrees C, 40-60% RH, under a 16:8 h light:dark photoperiod in 1998-1999. Data were analyzed by probit analysis, probit transformation and analysis of variance. According to different categories of evaluation, pyriproxifen, imidacloprid and B. thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis seem to be safe for C. septempunctata adults but the other two preparations were moderately harmful to them, which requires further semi-field or field tests to measure their real effect under field conditions. 相似文献
7.
斜纹夜蛾对茚虫威的抗药性汰选及交互抗性测定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为评估茚虫威抗性风险,在室内进行了斜纹夜蛾对茚虫威的抗性选育和交互抗性测定。经过10代6次室内抗性选育,获得了斜纹夜蛾对茚虫威抗性种群,与选育前相比,斜纹夜蛾对茚虫威的敏感性降低了15.63倍。抗性风险评估结果表明,斜纹夜蛾具有对茚虫威产生高水平抗性的风险。交互抗性测定发现,辛硫磷、高效氯氰菊酯和氟虫腈对茚虫威抗性种群的LC50值分别是同源对照种群的1.53、2.42和1.53倍,溴虫腈和灭多威对茚虫威抗性种群的LC50值分别是同源对照种群的0.78和0.96倍,表明茚虫威抗性种群对这几种杀虫剂未产生交互抗性。 相似文献
8.
The acute and sublethal toxicities of novaluron, a novel chitin synthesis inhibitor, to a laboratory-reared insecticide-susceptible strain of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), were determined. Novaluron exhibited excellent residual (120 h LC(50) = 0.42 mg litre(-1)) and good direct contact (120 h LC(50) = 27 mg litre(-1)) activity against second-instar larvae (L2). Hatch of eggs exposed by direct contact to novaluron solutions > or =100 mg litre(-1) was significantly reduced, as was the ability of emerged first-instar larvae to moult. L2 from eggs exposed to > or =100 mg litre(-1) novaluron weighed significantly less (P < 0.0001) than those from untreated eggs. However, L2 from eggs treated with 1 mg litre(-1) novaluron weighed significantly more (P < or = 0.05) than those from untreated eggs, suggesting novaluron can have a hormetic effect on L decemlineata larval development. Leptinotarsa decemlineata mating pairs fed foliage treated with novaluron at 25 or 75 g AI ha(-1) produced approximately 25% fewer egg masses and eggs per mass. Hatch of eggs on treated foliage was almost completely suppressed, and longevity of male beetles was reduced by approximately 50% when fed foliage treated with novaluron at 75 g AI ha(-1). 相似文献
9.
BACKGROUND: The goal of the research was to gather efficacy data required to introduce reduced-risk insecticides in sustainable control programs for European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hubner, on potato. RESULTS: Laboratory tests confirmed that sprays of indoxacarb and novaluron at recommended field rates are as effective as spinosad against neonate larvae of O. nubilalis. However, there is evidence that higher rates would enhance the inhibition of chitin synthesis by novaluron. The three insecticides showed ovilarvicidal activity when applied to O. nubilalis egg masses 2 days prior to black head stage. The ovicidal activity of spinosad and novaluron was almost twice that of indoxacarb. At the recommended field rates, the residues of the three insecticides displayed contact toxicity to O. nubilalis larvae. Spinosad residues 16 h old or less provided the highest immediate (24 h after exposure) contact mortality, followed by indoxacarb and then by novaluron. Also, residues of spinosad had faster contact efficacy than indoxacarb, which had faster efficacy than novaluron. CONCLUSION: Spinosad, indoxacarb and novaluron have ovicidal properties, which could enhance O. nubilalis management programs. However, the contact residual toxicity is limited in duration and would likely only play a minor role in O. nubilalis control. 相似文献
10.
The larvicidal and ovicidal effectiveness of twelve insecticides on Grapholita lobarzewskii Nowicki was tested by dipping apples in different concentrations of the insecticides. Emamectin was the most effective larvicidal product, with an LC(50) of 0.01 mg kg(-1), closely followed by spinosad, methoxyfenozide and chlorpyrifos-methyl, with LC(50) values between 0.2 and 0.7 mg kg(-1). Products like imidacloprid, indoxacarb, phosmet and thiacloprid gave LC(50) values between 1 and 2 mg kg(-1). Lastly, chlorpyrifos-ethyl and phosalone had LC(50) values of around 4 mg kg(-1), whereas tebufenozide and diflubenzuron had almost no larvicidal effect. Most of the products tested had low ovicidal effectiveness, and only fenoxycarb and emamectin gave LC(50) values worthy of note, close to 2 mg kg(-1). 相似文献
11.
Toxicities of indoxacarb on eggs and 5-day-old larvae of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L., on cabbage and those of field-aged leaf residues on 5-day-old larvae were determined in the laboratory. The persistence and efficacies of indoxacarb and two other newer insecticides (spinosad and emamectin benzoate) to P. xylostella were tested under field conditions. Results from laboratory bioassays indicate that indoxacarb was highly toxic to P. xylostella larvae through food ingestion, with LC50 and LC90 values of 24.1 and 90.1 mg AI l - 1, respectively. However, indoxacarb had no significant effects on eggs and larvae through direct contact compared with water control. The toxicity of field-aged leaf residues of indoxacarb (0-, 3-, 5-, 7-, 10-, 14-, 17- and 21-day-old residues) declined slowly and gradually under the field conditions in South Texas. Almost all larvae died on day 5 after feeding on the leaves with 0 - 14-day residue, and the mortalities were as high as 94 and 78% for the 14- and 17-day-old leaf residues. With one application, indoxacarb suppressed P. xylostella larvae below the economic threshold for 14 - 21 days. Two field trials showed that indoxacarb at 0.05 - 0.07 kg AI ha - 1 was effective against P. xylostella, providing marketable cabbage with three applications per season. In addition, indoxacarb was as effective as spinosad, and significantly more effective than emamectin benzoate. 相似文献
12.
Effects of methoxyfenozide on Lobesia botrana Den & Schiff (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) egg, larval and adult stages 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Sáenz-de-Cabezón Irigaray FJ Marco V Zalom FG Pérez-Moreno I 《Pest management science》2005,61(11):1133-1137
The effect of the non-steroidal ecdysone agonist methoxyfenozide was evaluated against different developmental stages of the grape berry moth, Lobesia botrana Dennis & Schiffermuller (Lep, Tortricidae). Methoxyfenozide administered orally reduced the fecundity and fertility of adults treated with 1, 5 and 10 mg litre(-1); longevity was not affected. An LC(50) value of 4.5 mg litre(-1) was obtained when applied to eggs of less than 1 day old. Surface treatment was more effective than when applied by spraying. Administered into the diet, methoxyfenozide had a larvicidal effect; older larvae were more susceptible than younger larvae, with LC(50) values of 0.1 mg litre(-1) for L(1), 0.04 for L(3) and 0.02 for L(5). Larvae treated with sub-lethal doses throughout their lives did not emerge as adults at the highest doses (0.08, 0.04, 0.02 and 0.01 mg litre(-1)), with 65% and 40% emergence occurring for the lowest (0.005 and 0.0025 mg litre(-1)). Mortality occurred only in the larval stage. 相似文献
13.
Horizontal transfer of indoxacarb among workers of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, was examined under laboratory conditions. The effects of dose (0, 10, 20, 50, 100 or 200 ng AI per donor), donor:recipient ratio (1:1, 1:4 or 1:9) and post-exposure time (2, 4, 8, 16, 20 and 24 days) on lethal transfer of indoxacarb were investigated using a donor/recipient model in groups of 100 workers. Transfer of lethal doses from donors to recipients was evidenced by significant recipient mortality in 13 out of 15 treatments within 24 days post-exposure. Dosage significantly affected indoxacarb transfer. Higher doses resulted in greater recipient mortality than lower doses. The highest dose tested resulted in 100% death of recipients and donors within 20 days. A dose of 100 ng resulted in recipient mortalities ranging from 68 to 100%, whereas doses < or =50 ng killed <60% of recipients within 24 days. Donor:recipient ratio also had considerable effect on indoxacarb transfer. At 24 days post-exposure, greater recipient mortalities were observed at ratios > or =1:4 at doses > or =20 ng, but only at a ratio 1:1 at dose 10 ng. Recipient mortality increased significantly as post-exposure time increased. The higher the doses applied on donors, the shorter were the times required for the onset of recipient mortality to occur and for recipients to reach maximum mortality. Significantly greater recipient mortalities were not observed at doses 20 and 50 ng until more than 20 days post-exposure, indicating a delayed activity of indoxacarb. Possible transfer mechanisms are discussed. 相似文献
14.
茚虫威对草地贪夜蛾的毒力及解毒酶的诱导作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
茚虫威对鳞翅目害虫幼虫具有卓越的杀虫活性,是替代传统杀虫剂及治理抗药性害虫的理想药剂。为了明确茚虫威对草地贪夜蛾的生物活性及对其主要解毒酶活性的影响,为使用茚虫威科学防治草地贪夜蛾提供参考,本研究采用浸叶法测定了广西南宁草地贪夜蛾种群3龄幼虫对茚虫威敏感性及增效醚(PBO)、磷酸三苯酯(TPP)、顺丁烯二酸二乙酯(DEM)对茚虫威的增效作用;并测定了亚致死浓度(LC_(20))茚虫威对草地贪夜蛾体内MFO、GSTs和CarE酶的诱导作用。结果表明,茚虫威对草地贪夜蛾的LC_(20)、LC_(50)和LC_(90)分别为8.95、20.62 mg/L和73.57 mg/L。DEM、PBO和TPP对茚虫威的增效倍数依次为2.24、2.05和0.50倍。亚致死浓度(LC_(20))茚虫威处理后对3龄幼虫体内GSTs的活性和MFO含量与无药剂处理(CK)相比显著升高(P0.05),而CarE活性无显著变化(P0.05)。本文结果显示,广西草地贪夜蛾仍可以用推荐剂量80 mg/L茚虫威防治,而代谢抑制剂PBO和DEM对茚虫威有明显的增效作用,且GSTs活性和MFO含量在茚虫威诱导后显著升高,初步推测这两种解毒酶可能影响将来草地贪夜蛾对茚虫威的抗药性发展。 相似文献
15.
In the course of screening for naturally occurring insecticides from plants from the northwestern part of China, a petroleum ether extract of Juniperus sabina L was found to show insecticidal activity against fifth-instar larvae of Pieris rapae L. From the extract, an insecticidal compound was isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation. The compound was identified as deoxypodophyllotoxin (1) by comparison of its spectroscopic characteristics with literature data. In bioassays, 1 showed antifeedant activity against fifth-instar larvae of P rapae at 0.05-1.00 g litre(-1) and its AFC50 (concentration for 50% antifeedant activity) values at 12 and 48h were 0.170 and 0.060 g litre(-1), respectively. In that concentration range, all treated insects died within 48 h after treatment and compound 1 showed delayed insecticidal activity. At 0.015-0.100 g litre(-1), 1 showed insecticidal activity, with an LC50 of 0.020 g litre(-1). The related compound deoxypicropodophyllotoxin (2), however, showed lower antifeedant and insecticidal activities than 1 in bioassay. This indicated that the trans-lactone ring is an important moiety for enhancing activity in these compounds. Comparison of the insecticidal activities of 1 and another related compound, podophyllotoxin (3), suggested that varying the substituent at C-4 is an exciting possibility for synthesizing more potent analogues. 相似文献
16.
Insecticides are the most commonly used tactic to control western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), on greenhouse cucumber. However, WFT has developed resistance to several of the insecticides presently in use. In addition, some of these insecticides adversely affect greenhouse biological control agents used to control WFT, resulting in subsequent pest resurgence. Therefore, there is a need to identify novel insecticides with unique modes of action for use in integrated pest management (IPM) programs to effectively control WFT with minimal impact on associated biological control agents. In laboratory bioassays conducted in 2001, immature and adult WFT and three associated greenhouse biological control agents: Amblyseius cucumeris Oudemans (Acarina: Phytoseiidae), Orius insidiosus Say (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) were exposed to direct, direct/residual, and residual contact applications of the novel biopesticide, spinosad (Conserve 120 SC), and the industry standard for whitefly control, endosulfan (Thiodan 50 WP). In all three types of assay, spinosad was effective against immature and adult WFT life stages. It showed low toxicity to A. cucumeris, moderate toxicity to O. insidiosus and high toxicity to E formosa. Greenhouse studies involving exposure of immature and adult WFT and adult biological control agents to cucumber leaves sprayed previously with spinosad supported the laboratory data. Spinosad showed low toxicity to A. cucumeris exposed to leaves 1 day after treatment (DAT), moderate toxicity to O. insidiosus 1 and 8 DAT, and high toxicity to E. formosa up to 28 DAT. These data, along with spinosad's unique mode of action, suggest it would be a valuable reduced-risk control agent for greenhouse cucumber IPM programs. 相似文献
17.
烟蓟马是一种世界性害虫,为筛选出高效低毒的药剂,采用叶管药膜法测定了不同药剂对烟蓟马的室内毒力,并开展了田间防效试验。室内毒力测定结果表明,对成虫活性最高的药剂是阿维菌素、乙基多杀菌素和虫螨腈,其LC50均小于1 mg/L;多杀霉素的毒力也较高,其LC50为2.11 mg/L;吡丙醚对2龄若虫表现较高毒力。田间试验结果表明,2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯SC、10%虫螨腈SC和60 g/L乙基多杀菌素SC对烟蓟马药后3~14 d的防效均达90%以上,除100 g/L吡丙醚SC外,其他药剂药后14 d的防效均达80%以上。2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯SC、10%虫螨腈SC和60 g/L乙基多杀菌素SC可作为防治烟蓟马的首选药剂,并交替使用其他药剂。 相似文献
18.
Dose-mortality curves were established for 12 insecticides administered by topical application to diapausing larvae from a susceptible codling moth strain. Toxicity varied greatly among the insecticides tested. LC50 values ranged from 0.1 mg kg(-1) for fenoxycarb to over 2800 mg kg(-1) for diflubenzuron and indoxacarb. Discriminating dose levels were determined from dose-mortality reference curves for the detection of resistance in field-collected diapausing larvae. 相似文献
19.
BACKGROUND: Advion® cockroach gel bait (6 g kg?1 indoxacarb) is in widespread use for Blattella germanica (L.) control in the United States. However, baseline susceptibility levels to indoxacarb in German cockroach field populations are not known. Hence, this research sought to develop monitoring strategies to estimate the susceptibility of German cockroach populations to indoxacarb. RESULTS: Four bioassays were evaluated: topical lethal dose (LD), formulated gel bait lethal time (LT), vial lethal concentration (LC) and gel bait matrix LD. Of these methods, the vial LC and gel bait matrix LD bioassays were the most economical and relevant assessment strategies. For indoxacarb susceptibility monitoring, a two‐tiered approach was developed that utilizes diagnostic concentrations and doses in vial LC (30 and 60 µg vial?1) and gel bait matrix LD (1.0, 1.5 and 2.5 µg insect?1) formats. CONCLUSIONS: A two‐tiered susceptibility monitoring strategy was developed that includes testing field populations at diagnostic concentrations and doses in first‐tier vial LC bioassays and second‐tier gel bait matrix LD bioassays. The vial method facilitates rapid identification of field strains with reduced susceptibility. The feeding bioassay effectively simulates field exposure to Advion® and therefore has utility for secondary confirmation of susceptibility shifts and identification of behavioral resistance (i.e. bait aversion). Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
20.