共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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土壤消毒处理是一种被广泛采用、积极有效的防治温室病虫草害的方法。目前普遍采用的甲基溴等化学试剂熏蒸方法对人类健康和自然生态环境有害，为解决这一问题，对微波消毒土壤进行了探索。采用不同功率的微波辐射进行土壤消毒处理，并与常规加热处理效果对比，对处理后土样中微生物的杀灭效果进行检测。结果表明，采用自动控温的微波消毒温室土壤装置可以有效杀灭土壤中的微生物和草籽，控制病虫草害，改善土壤环境。采用自动控温的微波消毒温室土壤装置消毒土壤是替代甲基溴等化学试剂熏蒸及其他物理消毒土壤的较好方法。 相似文献
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基于分子技术的土壤微生物多样性研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
土壤微生物多样性是维系土壤功能的重要因素,但是由于传统的研究方法存在一定的局限性,使得过去研究其多样性及群落结构成为一个难题。随着分子生物学方法的应用,现在可以同时对可培养微生物和不可培养微生物进行研究,解决了传统培养方法存在的问题。综述了土壤微生物多样性的分子生物学研究方法,对比了各方法的优缺点,为选择合适的方法进行土壤微生物多样性研究提供了参考。 相似文献
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河南鸡公山自然保护区典型森林类型土壤微生物群落功能多样性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Biolog EcoTM微平板技术是研究微生物群水平多样性的一种重要方法。通过该方法对河南鸡公山自然保护区3种主要森林类型(落叶阔叶林、针阔混交林、杉木林)的土壤微生物群落多样性进行研究,结果显示:土壤微生物对单一碳源利用强度随着培养时间的增加呈递增的趋势,落叶阔叶林土壤微生物活性高于其他两种森林类型。3种森林类型土壤微生物对碳源利用差异性显著(p<0.01),森林植被类型直接影响土壤微生物功能多样性。分析表明,氨基酸是研究区域森林土壤微生物敏感碳源。 相似文献
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文章对土壤微生物量P的研究方法以及微生物量磷在土壤中的作用、施肥对土壤微生物量P的影响和土壤微生物量P与土壤中磷的相关性进行了简述．从而明确土壤微生物量P在土壤磷素转化和调节中的重要作用，并且对土壤肥力状况具有重要的指示意义。 相似文献
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我国盐渍化土壤面积近1亿hm2，约占全国土地面积的1/10。盐渍化土壤面积仍在不断增加，而高盐浓度是导致盐渍化土壤物理化学性质差、生物活性低的首要因素。因此，降低盐渍化土壤中的高盐浓度是盐渍化土壤治理的核心任务，也是盐渍化土壤生态治理和农林业生产需要解决的首要问题。当前盐渍化土壤隔盐脱盐材料及技术主要分为3类，分别是基于水盐运移规律的物理隔盐脱盐材料及技术、基于离子交换和化学作用原理的化学脱盐材料及技术以及基于微生物活动的生物脱盐促生技术。文中综述盐渍化土壤隔盐脱盐材料及技术研究进展，分析这些材料及技术对盐渍化土壤的改良效果和作用机制，并提出未来研发隔盐脱盐材料及技术的建议，以期为盐渍化土壤高效改良技术研发提供有益参考。 相似文献
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根际土壤微生物DNA提取及纯化方法的比较 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文采用了四种方法对红松和长白赤松土壤根际土壤微生物DNA进行了提取,同时分别采用了三种方法对所提取的根际土壤微生物粗DNA进行了纯化,并且对不同的提取和纯化方法进行了比较和评价。结果表明:对根际土壤微生物总DNA提取效果最好的是,以SDS为基础的含有1.0%(w/v)的高浓度NaCl的蛋白酶K法。这个方法可有效地去除腐殖酸和其它杂质。由于透析法能够积极有效地去除粗DNA中的棕色物质和腐殖酸,所以非常适合纯化根际土壤微生物DNA,而且纯化产物进行PCR扩增时效果很好。此外,挤胶法由于其经济有效的优点,所以也是一个很好的纯化根际土壤微生物粗DNA的方法。 相似文献
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《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(12)
为了研究氮沉降对三江湿地土壤微生物群落结构的影响,利用磷脂脂肪酸技术(PLFA)对三江平原小叶章湿地土壤微生物多样性进行了分析。2010年5月,在黑龙江省科学院自然与生态研究所三江平原湿地生态定位研究站内的小叶章湿地中建立模拟氮沉降试验平台,设置3个氮沉降浓度梯度:N1(0 g N·m-2a-1)、N2(4 g N·m-2a-1)、N3(8 g N·m-2a-1),于2014年6月用土钻进行土壤样品采集。结果表明:本研究共检测到PLFAs 75种,其中特征脂肪酸29种。不同氮沉降处理下,真菌群落的生物量较高,土壤微生物生物量的总量介于30~33nmol·g-1。氮沉降增加对真菌群落数量的影响比较显著(P0.05),但是对细菌和放线菌影响并不显著。低氮时土壤微生物的数量最多,对照最低;高氮时土壤微生物群落的多样性值和丰度值最高。根据典型性相关分析,得出铵态氮和硝态氮对土壤中真菌含量影响较为显著。通过本研究可以得出,施氮增加了土壤微生物总量。铵态氮和硝态氮是影响土壤微生物数量的主要因子,低氮增加了土壤微生物多样性,高氮则产生抑制作用。 相似文献
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单一菌种微生物对植物纤维素降解的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用微生物对植物纤维素进行降解，对纤维素降解茵进行了比较，并对影响降解效率的主要因素进行了分析；研究表明：单一菌种中，固氮茵对纤维素的降解效果相对较好。 相似文献
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Mehdi Heydari Hassan Pourbabaei Omid Esmaelzade David Pothier Ali Salehi 《中国林学(英文版)》2013,15(4):286-301
The destruction of natural ecosystems is an important issue in many parts of the world. In the west of Iran, a vast area of the Zagros Mountain range is covered by typical vegetation including several rare plant species, of which many are currently considered endangered by anthropogenic activities. Despite the important role of soil seed banks to help conserve these degraded plant communities, the floristic studies in the Zagros forests have only focused on above- ground vegetation. In this study, the characteristics of soil seed banks and above-ground vegetation were examined at two forest sites： an undisturbed control （Un） and a disturbed （D） site. The objectives of this study were 1） to investigate the diversity of above-ground vegetation and soil seed banks in disturbed and undisturbed forests, 2） to examine the soil properties and the germination characteristics of the soil seed bank in disturbed and undisturbed oak forests and 3） to estimate the potential of soil seed banks in the restoration of disturbed sites. The results show that soil properties between Un and D sites were significantly different with higher values of pH, NH4-N, N~o,, CEC, OC, clay and canopy percentage in the Un site than in the D site. The Simpson diversity, Margalef richness and evenness indices differed significantly between sites, either for the soil seed banks or the above-ground vegetation. After a period of 26 weeks, the germination speed and the mean daily number of germinants were significantly different between Un and D sites. Without other conservation measures, soil seed banks alone cannot result in a full recovery after severe disturbances in the oak forests of Zagros. 相似文献
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土壤微生物生物量碳及其影响因子研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
笔者较为全面地综述了国内外土壤微生物生物量碳的研究成果。笔者针对土壤微生物生物量碳主要受到碳氮限制、树种类型、土地利用方式、管理措施、土壤湿度和温度、土壤质地等因素的影响,提出了今后的研究应集中在以下几个方面:(1)加强不同尺度土壤微生物生物量碳的影响因子及调控机理研究;(2)进一步加强不同土壤类型下土壤微生物生物量碳动态及调控机理研究;(3)对影响土壤微生物生物量碳高低不确定性的因子进行深入研究;(4)加强其他因子对土壤微生物生物量碳影响的研究;(5)探讨全球气候变化对土壤微生物生物量碳的影响。 相似文献
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Grant RF 《Tree physiology》2004,24(1):1-18
Current regional estimates of net primary productivity (NPP) of boreal black spruce overlook the large variation in NPP caused by small-scale topographic effects on soil water, temperature and nutrient availability. Topographic effects on black spruce NPP could likely be modeled by simulating the lateral and vertical movement of water, and its effects on soil nutrient transformation and uptake, through three-dimensional watersheds defined by aspects and slopes of their topographic positions. To examine this likelihood, the ecosystem model 'ecosys' was run for 120 years on a transect that included upper- and lower-slope positions and a basin in which a basal water table was set 0.5 m below the soil surface. For the run, we used soil properties and weather conditions recorded at the 115-year-old BOREAS Southern Old Black Spruce site. Short-term model performance was tested by comparing diurnal and annual carbon (C) transfers simulated under 1994 weather conditions during the 115th year of the model run with those measured at this site during 1994 by eddy covariance, surface chambers and allometry. After 115 years, annual spruce NPP simulated at the upper-slope positions was twice that at the basin (350 versus 170 g C m-2), whereas accumulated wood C was almost three times as large (6.8 versus 2.4 kg C m-2). In the model, increases in NPP and wood growth in upper-slope positions were caused by lower soil water contents, higher soil temperatures, and more rapid O2 uptake that accelerated heterotrophic respiration and hence nutrient mineralization and uptake. Modeled differences in wood growth with topographic position were quantitatively consistent with measurements of boreal black spruce at several research sites differing in water table depth. Modeled differences also agreed with differences in wood growth rates derived from allometric measurements at boreal black spruce sites differing in productivity indices as a result of differences in subsurface hydrology. The magnitude of these differences clearly indicates the importance of accounting for subsurface hydrology in regional estimates of boreal forest productivity. 相似文献
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几种人工杉木混交林土壤肥力对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对几种人工杉木混交林进行土壤物理和基本营养元素指标的测定和对比,结果表明:人工杉木混交林在改变土壤物理性质、改变土壤肥力等方面均优于杉木纯林,提倡合理营造杉木混交林。 相似文献
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We conducted a study to examine the pattern of development of herbaceous plant species, woody species regeneration and soil physical characteristics after tree uprooting in 20-ha areas of Experimental Forest Station of Tarbiat Modares University located in a temperate forest of Mazandaran province in the north of Iran. Soil bulk density, soil texture and moisture from pit and mound (PM) were measured in the laboratory. Results show that the soil bulk density was most in soil deeper layers at mound top, and the soil moisture content was most in soil deeper layers at Pit bottom. Our study supports that the micro-topography of PM (pit and mound) topography will create a mosaic of environmental conditions. This environmental heterogeneity could be responsible for the diversity of herbaceous plant species and regeneration of woody species. It is recommend that the fallen trees with PM structure should remain in the protected area without clearing as the best option for forest restoration. This information can be useful for forest management that attempts to emulate natural processes. 相似文献
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对福建茶秆竹的土壤水文效应进行了分析研究.结果表明：福建茶秆竹林土壤容重、孔隙状况、入渗性能等反映土壤水文效应的指标均高于杉木林和松杂林.土壤贮水量2 612.5 t/hm2,比杉木林、松杂林分别增加了55.3%和52.3%.福建茶秆竹既是优良的经济竹种,也是一种土壤水文效应良好的竹林. 相似文献
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盐碱土因其独特的物理化学性质影响了树木的正常生长和植物群落的形成,对建设城市生态园林造成了困难。文章结合几个盐碱土地区住宅工程,从土壤处理和植物选择上总结方法,探讨盐碱土地区的景观设计。 相似文献