共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 390 毫秒
1.
种植年限对设施菜田土壤pH及养分积累的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本试验以山东省寿光地区设施菜田为研究对象,分析了不同种植年限设施菜田土壤pH值以及有机质、无机氮、有效磷和有效钾含量状况。结果表明,寿光地区设施菜田各土层土壤pH值随着种植年限的增加而下降,与露地小麦土壤相比降幅达0.05～0.69个单位,其中尤以0～20 cm土层降幅最大,并且随着种植年限的增加,下层土壤pH值下降明显,种植10 a后20～40 cm土层土壤pH由8.67下降至7.99。0～20 cm土层土壤有机质随着种植年限的增加明显增加,1～3、4～6、7～9、≥10 a种植年限设施菜田土壤有机质与露地小麦土壤相比分别增加了6.1%、46.4%、66.5%、125.3%。土壤无机氮含量明显高于露地小麦土壤,但种植年限影响不大。各土层土壤有效磷和有效钾含量随着种植年限的增加显著增加,1～3、4～6、7～9、≥10 a种植年限设施菜田0～20 cm土层有效磷含量分别是露地小麦土壤的8.9、14.8、18.1、18.3倍,有效钾含量分别是露地小麦土壤的2.8、3.2、3.5、3.5倍。设施菜田各土层土壤pH值随种植年限的增加而下降,但与已有研究结果相比土壤pH值有上升趋势。 相似文献
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对甘肃省陇东地区苹果园采用垄膜集雨措施,按距主干不同距离及不同土层深度测定土壤氮素含量。结果表明,苹果园土壤全氮含量从树体至行间方向逐渐降低,0～30 cm深土层土壤全氮含量最丰富;距主干50 cm处土壤铵态氮含量较高;土壤硝态氮集中分布在距主干50 cm处,其中30～60、100～150 cm深土层中土壤硝态氮含量高;垄膜集雨苹果园土壤中铵态氮累积量明显高于清耕(对照)苹果园,距主干50 cm处土壤中硝态氮累积量与清耕(对照)苹果园相当,距主干100～200 cm范围内土壤中硝态氮累积量明显低于清耕(对照)苹果园。建议甘肃省陇东地区连年采用垄膜集雨苹果园适当调整施肥时间和肥料种类。 相似文献
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以6年生"克瑞森"葡萄为试材,研究了不同滴水时间葡萄滴灌戈壁土壤水盐运移变化特征,分析了戈壁土壤中水和全盐在水平、垂直方向水盐动态变化规律。结果表明:随滴水时间变化,滴灌葡萄戈壁土壤含水量和含盐量呈规律性变化趋势。在水平方向上,土壤含水量明显随径向距离的变化而变化,土壤水分的最大值出现在滴头下方,并以滴头中央处向外围依次递减;而含盐量随着滴水时间延长离滴头越近处各土层含盐量最低,沿着外围含盐量逐渐增加,在0~40cm土层处盐分积累最多,在40~60cm盐分的积累逐渐呈减少状态。在垂直方向上,土壤含水量最大值出现在表层,0~20cm达到最大值,随着土层深度增加,土壤含水量开始下降;0~20cm土层含盐量滴水前滴头下最高,盐分积累较多,随着滴水时间的延长,盐分逐渐减低,20~60cm含盐量最低。因此在滴灌条件下,戈壁土壤水分和盐分具有沿径向分布的规律,水分分布呈洋葱状,盐分分布向洋葱状外围延伸。 相似文献
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1重视秋施基肥 每年采果后至10月初，挖宽深各40cm的环状沟或放射状沟施基肥。具体方法为沟底先压入杂草、落叶，撒施石灰1．0～1．5kg，上盖一层薄土，然后按每株施农家有机肥100kg、饼肥2．0～2．5kg、钙镁磷肥1kg的量将肥料与表土混合均匀后，施入沟的中上层，最后填平施肥沟。两种施肥方式交替使用。 相似文献
5.
石榴根区土壤微生物分布及酶活性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对云南蒙自石榴园根区土壤不同深度、不同水平距离的微生物分布与酶活性进行研究,探索石榴种植的致病因素。结果表明:在垂直方向上,土壤微生物量与土壤酶活性随土层厚度增加而呈减少的趋势,微生物主要集中在0~40 cm土层之中,而40~80 cm土层含量较少。0~40 cm土层与40~80 cm土层之间差异显著。在水平方向上,土壤微生物与土壤酶活性表现为距树基处较近的0~50 cm范围内较高,离树基处较远的地方较低,但是统计结果显示,除真菌、放线菌在距根0~50 cm与距根50~200 cm之间差异显著外,细菌、土壤脲酶、脱氢酶和蔗糖酶各水平距离之间差异不显著。相关分析发现微生物含量与酶活性之间有较高的相关性。 相似文献
6.
李海飞徐国锋闫震沈友明高贯威 《中国果树》2022,(11):52-56
2017—2020年连续4年对山东省栖霞市常规管理模式下苹果园不同土层土壤电导率和pH值进行定点研究,探明苹果园土壤电导率和pH值在时间和空间上的变化趋势,以期为苹果园的土壤改良和合理施肥提供科学的依据。结果表明,在苹果园0～80 cm土层,土壤电导率和pH值均呈现对数正态分布,全距呈下降趋势,变幅逐渐减少,最大变幅出现在0～20 cm土层,电导率和pH值的变异系数均呈现中等变异。在时间维度上,随着种植年限的延长,苹果园土壤电导率和pH值均呈上升的变化趋势;在垂直剖面方向上,土壤电导率整体呈“下降”型分布,最大值0.35 mS/cm出现在0～20 cm土层,存在明显的表聚现象;土壤pH值在0～40 cm土层的表现为下降趋势,40～80 cm土层又呈现上升趋势,最大值为5.93,出现在60～80 cm土层,整体呈“V”形变化趋势。相关性分析结果表明,在0～20 cm土层,种植年限与土壤电导率存在显著的正相关,与pH值呈负相关,在20～80 cm土层,种植年限与土壤电导率存在显著的正相关,而与pH值虽然呈正相关但随土层深度的增加相关性逐渐变弱至无相关性,说明苹果园耕作层土壤电导率和pH值的... 相似文献
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1．1 环剥或环割 环剥也叫开甲，宜在盛花初期进行，宽度一般掌握在0．5～0．7cm，旺树宜宽，偏弱树宜窄。环剥部位应选在主干上距地面20锄处，以后每年上移3～5cm，直到接近第1个主枝基部。环剥后5～7d，对旺盛的骨干枝及辅养枝间隔5咖左右环割2圈，提高坐果率。环剥后3～5d，用48％乐斯本50～100倍液涂在甲口处予以保护，每隔5～7d涂抹1次，共涂抹2～3次。环剥后25d，可在甲口处抹泥包扎，促其愈合。 相似文献
9.
渭北高原苹果根区土壤养分变化及对果树再植植株生长的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对渭北高原地区苹果园距树干横向水平0～200 cm、纵向垂直0～80 cm土层深度范围内的果树根区空间土壤养分的盈亏变化进行了研究,并结合盆栽试验,分析了不同根区土壤对苹果再植植株的影响。结果表明: 在水平方向上,随距树干距离的增加,土壤养分含量呈增高趋势;垂直方向上,除水溶性Ca、Mg外,其他养分随土层加深呈下降趋势。果园根区土壤速效P、水溶性Ca、水溶性Mg、有效Zn、有效Mn有亏缺现象,N/P、K/P、Ca/P、Ca/Mg、Ca/Mn、Ca/Zn存在养分比例失调。果园土壤的盆栽幼树株高、新梢长度、粗度、叶面积和根活力较生茬土壤的分别减少44.93%、34.46%、23.88%、49.48%和11.40%,表现明显的重茬障碍症状,土层愈深的土壤,症状愈重,距树干愈远的土壤,症状愈轻。果园土壤中Zn元素亏缺和Ca/Zn比例失调可能是造成渭北高原苹果再植病害发生的重要原因之一。距树干横向水平100～200 cm、纵向垂直0～40 cm土层土壤养分含量较高,盆栽幼树再植病害较轻,是老果园更新再植应选择的栽植区域。 相似文献
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1998年3月,我们引进红地球葡萄,在贵州长顺县马路乡试栽。面积4 0hm2 ,株行距1m×2 5m ,单篱架小扇形。当地年均温14 .5℃,≥10℃积温4 5 0 0℃,无霜期30 5d ,年日照16 0 0h ,年降雨量110 0mm。缓坡地,土层深厚,土壤有机质含量0 .8%～1.0 %,土壤pH值6 .5 ,灌溉方便。生产中采用以下田间管理技术,大大增进了果实品质。1 合理肥水,前促后控1.1 基肥 每年采果后及时施入有机肥,在行间距根颈5 0～70cm处挖深4 0～5 0cm、宽4 0cm的施肥沟,将肥料与表土混匀后施入,每6 6 7m2 施优质农家肥35 0 0～5 0 0 0kg ,同时混入过磷酸钙10 0kg和硫酸钾… 相似文献
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试验研究了蔬菜保护地长期定位渗灌、沟灌、滴灌处理0～80 cm层次土壤Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、Pb 5种金属元素有效态含量和全量的剖面分布特征,以同一试验区棚外露地大田土壤样本作为对照.结果表明:棚外露地大田与保护地棚内土壤重金属全量、有效态含量变化随土层加深而降低.棚内0～40 cm土层土壤重金属全量、有效态含量明显高于棚外土壤.棚内3种灌水处理0～40 cm土层土壤间重金属全量、有效态含量差异明显,Cd、Cr全量以沟灌处理含量最高,Pb、Zn全量以渗灌处理含量最高;而Cu、Cd、Cr、Pb的有效态含量均以沟灌处理最高、渗灌处理最低.土壤Cu、Zn、Cd、Cr、Pb有效态含量与其全量间呈正相关关系,重金属全量随着土壤有机质含量增加而增加、有效态含量随pH值降低而增加.灌溉和施肥影响土壤有机质含量及pH值变化,进而影响到土壤重金属全量及其有效态含量的高低. 相似文献
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T. Wesley Watson N. David Appel A. Michael Arnold M. Charles Kenerley 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):745-753
SummaryRoot distribution was determined for apple trees [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf. ‘Fuji’/’M.26’ (syn. M. domestica Borkh. non Poir.)] 1, 2 and 3 years after planting in trellised orchards in central Texas. Using a soil-coring method, measurable differences were detected in root-length density (RLD; root length per unit volume of soil) by tree age, soil depth, radial distance from the tree, and spatial bearing within and across rows (P ≤ 0.05). For fine roots (root diameters < 1 mm), mean RLD values were 0.1028, 0.1139 and 0.2911 cm cm–3 for 1, 2 and 3 year-old plantings, respectively. For coarse roots (root diameters 1–5 mm), mean RLD values were 0.0006, 0.0009 and 0.0015 cm cm–3 for 1, 2 and 3 year-old plantings, respectively. Mean RLD values declined for both fine and coarse roots of all ages with increasing soil depth and radial distance from the trunk (P ≤ 0.05). Similar patterns were observed for the number of soil cores containing measurable roots. The percentage of samples with no roots increased with increasing soil depth and distance from the trunk (P ≤ 0.05). When examining fine roots by spatial bearing from the tree, the greatest RLD was found along the drip irrigation lines for the two youngest plantings and along drip irrigation lines and beneath shaded trellises for the oldest planting (P ≤ 0.05). For coarse roots, the greatest RLD was found along the drip irrigation lines for all plantings (P ≤ 0.05). This information is important for predicting the rates and locations of new root growth in orchards after transplanting, so that management techniques (e.g., fertilisation, irrigation, control of soilborne diseases) can be properly targeted and effectively implemented. 相似文献
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甘肃省秦安县苹果叶缘焦枯死亡原因调查 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对甘肃省秦安县苹果叶缘焦枯死亡的原因初步调查.结果表明:苹果叶缘焦枯是由于土壤中单盐(NaCl)毒害所致,而土壤中盐分的来源是通过微咸水和中度咸水灌溉累积造成的,随年限的增加,危害日趋严重.从土壤的分析结果看,项目区果园土壤盐分组成类型为:0～20cm和40～60cm土层为氯化物-苏打-硫酸盐型;20～40cm土层为苏打-氯化物-硫酸盐型.pH＜8.5,土壤表层盐分的含量均小于0.20%,ESP值小于10,HCO3-/(Cl- SO42-)＜0.5,与生长良好的果园区土壤相比有轻微的盐化和碱化现象. 相似文献
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以内蒙古赤峰市敖汉旗为研究对象,以实地调查数据为基础,综合考虑研究区海拔、坡度和坡向因素,根据全旗182个土壤采样剖面数据,分析0~100cm深度各土层有机碳含量的垂直分布特征及地形因素对有机碳含量的影响。结果表明:土壤有机碳含量随土壤深度的增加而显著降低。海拔对土壤有机碳含量的影响表现为,0~60cm土壤深度有机碳含量呈现出随着海拔的升高而逐级上升的趋势;而60cm土壤深度以下土壤有机碳含量与海拔的变化并未表现出显著的相关关系。坡度对土壤有机碳含量的影响表现为,随着坡度的增加各深度土壤有机碳含量均表现为先升高后降低的分布特征。不同坡向上各层土壤有机碳的平均含量由高到低表现为阴坡>半阴坡>半阳坡>阳坡,其中阴坡与半阴坡上土壤有机碳含量显著高于阳坡与半阳坡。当土壤深度达到40cm以下时,坡度和坡向对土壤有机碳含量的影响并未表现出显著的差异性。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(2):85-111
ABSTRACT Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) form symbiotic relationships with roots of blueberry plants providing increased access to nutrients from fertilizers and soil. In August of 2001, we sampled 55 fields in Oregon to assess the mycorrhizal status of blueberry plants under production conditions and to determine whether any relationships exist between field characteristics, root distribution, soil characteristics and level of colonization by mycorrhizal fungi. Variation in measured soil characteristics, root type, root distribution and mycorrhizal colonization occurred with cultivar, field age, bed type, rate of nitrogen fertilization, irrigation type, and mulch. Root biomass was lower in the upper 15 cm of soil compared to 15-30 cm depth. Distribution of roots between the two sampled depths varied significantly with field age, nitrogen fertilization rate, and the time of 50% harvest for the different cultivars sampled. Root length was generally greatest in the upper 15 cm of the soil than at the 15-30 cm depth. Root colonization by ericoid mycorrhizal fungi (EMF) ranged from 0.5 to 44% of total root length with higher colonization generally occurring in the upper 15 cm of the soil where the majority of smaller, finer roots were found. Colonization generally increased with increasing plant age. In young plants the highest levels of colonization were found in roots from the upper 15 cm of soil while in older plants the highest levels of colonization were found in roots at the 15-30 cm depth. Colonization of roots by EMF in the upper 15 cm of the soil tended to decrease with increasing N fertilization rate, while root colonization at the 15-30 cm depth was unaffected by rate of N fertilization. Roots on cultivars that fruited early in the season tended to have higher levels of colonization than cultivars that fruited later in the growing season. Root biomass and root length were negatively correlated with soil pH and available Ca in soil, while root colonization by EMF was negatively correlated with ammonium levels in the soil. Differences in soil characteristics, root type and distribution, and mycorrhizal colonization found in this study need to be investigated in terms of production efficiency of blueberry in Oregon. 相似文献
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为了明确京郊日光温室越冬茬黄瓜高产栽培所需的适宜滴灌量,以黄瓜"津优35"为试材,研究了不同滴灌量对黄瓜灌溉水分配、产量、品质、水分利用效率和经济效益的影响。结果表明:85%农户常规灌溉量处理较对照节水50.8 mm,深层渗漏量减少42.6%,黄瓜产量提高3.6 t/hm~2,可溶性糖含量提高17.3%,硝酸盐含量降低5.0 mg/kg,果实品质提高;水分利用效率提高3.61 kg/m~3,增收1.42万元/hm~2。综合来看,85%农户常规灌溉量处理是京郊日光温室越冬茬黄瓜适宜滴灌量,全生育期灌溉总量为327.9 mm,其中苗期41.7 mm,初瓜期43.1 mm,结果期243.1 mm,当埋深20 cm的土壤张力计读数为-21.6 kPa时需进行灌溉。 相似文献
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以7年生‘黄金梨’树为试材,采用~(15)N示踪技术研究了3个施氮深度[0(表面施氮)、20和40 cm]处理下不同器官对氮素的吸收、分配及利用效率,并探讨了氮素在土壤中的残留及损失。结果表明,梨果实成熟期,果实的Ndff值最高,其他器官的Ndff值均表现为20 cm施氮深度处理显著高于其他处理。各施氮深度处理,~(15)N的分配率均为贮藏器官最高,生殖器官最低。20 cm施氮深度处理的梨树N利用率最高(26.23%),40 cm施氮深度处理最低(15.65%)。N损失率以表面施氮处理最高(54.21%),20 cm施氮深度最低;0~80 cm土层的N残留率以40 cm施氮深度处理最高(31.73%),表面施氮处理最低。因此,本研究中,20 cm深度施氮处理能提高梨树各器官对N肥的吸收征调能力,氮素损失少。 相似文献
18.
G. H. L. Dicker R. P. Tew 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):254-264
Eight-year-old trees of Laxton’s Superb apple on M.II rootstock growing on loamy fine sand of low moisture retention were used to study growth and crop responses to different soil moisture conditions from 1953 to i960 inclusive. Water was applied when soil moisture tensiometers set at 1 ft. depth indicated tensions of : A, 10 cm. Hg ; B, 20 cm. Hg ; C, 50 cm. Hg. Treatment D was unwatered.Water was applied to an area 12 ft. in diameter around each tree, which was about one-third of the ground area available to each tree. The average amount of water required by each treatment during a season was equivalent to : A, 4-1 ; B, 3-5 ; C, 2-1 inches over its whole area.Comparison of soil moisture deficits in the unwatered plots in the very dry season of 1959 with amounts of water applied to the other trees suggested that the rate of water loss throughout the experiment was not seriously affected by the treatments applied.The water treatments stimulated trunk and shoot growth ; growth differences between differently treated trees could be adequately explained in terms of soil moisture tension and root-occupied soil volume. Evidence was found of serious leaching under the wettest treatment, and this may have caused a lower growth and crop response to treatment A than to B in the later years of the trial.Crop increases were directly related to growth increases. Despite the marked effects of water treatments on shoot numbers and on crop increase the growth and crop relationship was virtually unchanged.Treatments A, B and C increased total crops by 40%, 46% and 25% respectively, and marketable crops by 44%, 55% and 42% respectively. There was no marked effect of treatment on fruit size, though the increased proportion of fruit of a commercial size from the watered trees was of importance. Treatment B provided the largest total and marketable crops, but treatment C provided the greatest increase in marketable crop for each inch of water applied. 相似文献
19.
河北省中南部苹果园土壤养分的消长及分布 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
研究了河北省中南部苹果园1993年和2003年土壤养分的状况及分布特性。结果表明: 经过10年, 0～20 cm苹果园土壤有机质和全氮分别平均增加了2.548、0.317 g·kg- 1 ; 碱解氮、速效磷(Olsen-P) 、速效钾分别增加了17.1、122.3、279.5 mg·kg- 1 ; 有效铁、锌、锰分别增加了9.2、1.9、10.5 mg·kg- 1 , 差异均达极显著水平; 土壤有效铜有所增加, 差异达显著水平。苹果园土壤养分主要在0～40 cm土层积累, 40～80 cm土层也有不同程度的增加, 随着土壤深度的增加各养分积累量逐渐减少; 随着离树干距离的增加, 土壤养分积累量也逐渐减少; 各养分积累量为Olsen-P >速效钾>碱解氮>全氮和有机质。 相似文献