共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
2.
番茄属于白花授粉植物,在露天栽培条件下,花期授粉是依靠自然界的风、昆虫等完成;而在设施（温室）栽培中,没有风,也没有昆虫的帮助,无法完成授粉。番茄电子授粉器是专门用于番茄授粉的高科技产品。其原理是通过授粉器的精准高频振动,使花粉自然飘落到花柱上,实现绿色授粉,可以彻底解决传统激素点（喷）花带来的各种弊端。 相似文献
3.
牡丹经长期人工栽培和自然杂交,其遗传基础已经动摇,容易发生变异。又由于它是异花传粉植物,因此用混合授粉法进行人工杂交,即可从其杂种后代中选育出新品种。山东菏泽花农就是采用这一方法,选育出了上百个牡丹新品种。混合授粉法简便易行,不需要复杂的设备,也无需去雄、套袋。凡有牡丹栽培的地方和单位,均可开展此项工作。一、父本的选择与花粉收集可选择多个优良牡丹品种,如姚黄、胡红、鲁粉、十八号、首案红、迎日红、大棕紫、烟绒紫、青龙卧墨池等;也可选择紫斑牡丹的一些品种及国外引种的牡丹品种作为父本。开花初期,将这些品种花朵中的花药用镊子采集下来摊于白纸上,放在通风处,使花粉散 相似文献
4.
小麦新型化学杂交剂的筛选 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为拓展小麦化控两系途径的药剂种类,降低化学杂交剂(CHA)成本,利用西农1376检验15种化学药剂、4个浓度、3个施用时期(小麦不同发育时期)的诱导不育效果, 并对花药败育的机制进行了研究。结果表明,各处理诱导小麦花粉败育效果差异较大,Feek’s 7.5和9.5时期,15种药剂各浓度处理诱导植株营养生长发育异常或花粉败育不明显;Feek’s 8.5时期,T6药剂0.24 kg hm-2诱导雄性不育率为93.33%,植株表型及雌蕊发育正常,对其饱和授粉,能获得杂交种子,且饱和授粉结实率较高。石蜡切片观察该处理诱导雄性不育花药的绒毡层细胞降解过程异常,自单核早期绒毡层细胞核明显降解,单核中后期花粉内核也开始降解,直至三核期,绒毡层细胞及花粉内核及营养物质基本消失,仅剩少量花粉壁残留,最终导致花粉败育。因此认为,T6诱导的小麦生理型雄性不育与绒毡层的异常降解直接相关。 相似文献
5.
用细胞质雄性不育系(CMS)陕2 A的微粉授予不育系陕2 A的柱头,在4 h和6 h后,再分别授以恢复系垦C1的花粉,其异交率仍可达73%和53.7%,据此作者提出了在花粉授精过程中同品种花粉的迟钝性,异品种花粉的优先性理论;同时还提出提高父母本授粉位差、缩小父母本行距、增加父本花粉量、加强辅助授粉、重复授粉等技术措施,可有效控制细胞质雄性不育微粉给油菜杂交制种造成的不良影响,对提高制种纯度有重要参考价值. 相似文献
6.
7.
在春季露地栽培条件下，以优良番茄杂交组合“9906”的母本“016”、父本“96—3”为试材，研究了贮藏花粉和授粉时期对番茄杂交制种效果的影响。结果表明：蕾期采用干燥器贮藏24h的花粉授粉与当天新鲜花粉相比，番茄平均坐果率相近，平均单果结籽数，平均单果产种量均有所减少，但二者差异不显著；蕾期采用贮藏花粉在上午气温低于28℃的时段进行授粉最为有利；采用贮藏花粉于开花当天上午进行授粉，其平均单果结籽教、平均单果产种量均显著高于蕾期授粉。在番茄杂交种生产中，可采用干燥器贮藏24h的花粉，在开花前1d去雄，开花当天上午进行授粉，以提高制种产量，减少制种用工。 相似文献
8.
针对不同设备设计不同喷液量,飞行参数验证防治效果,从而验证无人机在稻田全程应用的可能性,旨在探索2种小型多旋翼植保无人机低空喷洒在整个水稻生长时期病虫草害防治过程中的防效。结果表明:当喷洒水田封闭式除草剂的喷洒量为10650、15000 mL/hm2,其对杂草的株防效与鲜重防效与人工电动喷雾相近。在病虫害的防治试验中,使用推荐用量且喷洒量为10650、15000 mL/hm2时,以及使用70%推荐用量（减量30%）且喷洒量为15000 mL/hm2时,防治效果均与人工电动喷雾器无显著差异。通过验证,选择合适的药剂,配合科学的喷洒参数,可在保证药效的前提下减少农药使用量。多旋翼植保无人机在水稻田有进行大面积全程飞防植保应用有广阔的前景。 相似文献
9.
10.
凹唇壁蜂在青花菜制种授粉中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
凹唇壁蜂雌蜂一天能采访近４０００朵花，营造３．５个花粉团巢室，每个花粉团需采集访花量在１１００朵左右。与花蜂授粉比较经壁蜂授粉后可提高青花菜种子产量４￣５倍，由此认为壁蜂可以替代蜜蜂在小面积网棚内作为授粉工具，应用于十字花科作物亲本的繁殖、杂交组合的配制和一代杂种的采种。 相似文献
11.
梨园不同蜜蜂的传粉行为比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为筛选出梨树最佳授粉蜂种,对9 个蜜蜂品种（系）在‘砀山酥梨’园的传粉行为进行了比较。试验从出巢温度、首次携粉回巢温度、梨花粉的采集能力、所采花粉中梨花粉所占比例等方面开展研究。结果发现中华蜜蜂出巢温度8.2℃,显著低于西方蜜蜂,西方蜜蜂在9.2~10℃之间出巢飞行。‘喀阡黑环系’携粉回巢温度为11℃,在所有蜂种中最低;所有蜂种均可在11~13.9℃携粉回巢。‘喀阡黑环系’、卡尼鄂拉2 个蜂种1 h 花粉采集重量分别为7.3、8.1 g,且梨花粉采集重量及比例均高于其他蜂种。‘喀阡黑环
系’、卡尼鄂拉2个蜂种能够适应低温环境采集,且对梨花粉采集能力强,是梨树授粉的优良蜂种。 相似文献
12.
The effect of cut style and placental pollination on fertilization efficiency was studied for compatible Aechmea fasciata plants. These alternative in vitro pollination techniques resulted in lower penetration rates of the ovules by pollen tubes in comparison to pollination on
the stigma. An explanation was found in the intervention of the normal pollination process,through which less pollen-pistil
interactions were built up. After cut style pollination the percentage of ovule penetration by pollen tubes increased when
a longer style part was left at the ovary. Probably fewer factors that control pollen tube growth are present in the lower
style part. Pollen germinated on the ovules after placental pollination but only rarely penetration of the micropyle by a
pollen tube occurred. Activation of the ovary, induced by in vivo prepollination for 6 hours, and pollination two days after anthesis did not increase the fertilization percentage. Grafting
a style with active growing pollen tubes to ovules on the placenta (placental grafted style pollination) resulted in a higher
fertilization percentage. Pollen tube growth through the style was essential for pollen tube guidance to the ovules and penetration
of the micropyle.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
13.
Effects of supplementary pollination on cropping success and fruit quality in pistachio 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Y. Vaknin S. Gan-Mor A. Bechar B. Ronen D. Eisikowitch J. Grunewaldt 《Plant Breeding》2002,121(5):451-455
The effects of pollen supplementation in pistachio orchards using an electrostatic pollination device were investigated in a 3‐year study (1996‐98) in San Joaquin Valley, California, USA. Both yield and fruit quality (per cent split fruit) were tested in several experiments. Applying smaller amounts of pollen (1.5 g per tree in early application only in 1996 or 0.5 g in two applications in 1997) resulted in higher yields than with open pollination or supplementary pollination using larger amounts of pollen (1.5 g per tree in four applications in 1996 or 1.0 g in two applications in 1997). Applying 1.0 g pollen in two applications in 1998 resulted in decreased yields compared with open pollination or non‐electrostatic pollination. Pollen germinability on the stigma was greatest for open pollination suggesting that overloading the stigmas with pollen in supplementary pollination may not only reduce yield but also increase competition between pollen grains. The per cent split fruit significantly increased only once in 1996. When pollination is a limiting factor, electrostatic pollination of pistachio can increase yield and may even increase fruit quality. However, when pollination is not a limiting factor, electrostatic pollination may even reduce yield. 相似文献
14.
Phaseolus angustissimus A. Gray contains genes for traits of interest for dry bean (P. vulgaris) breeders. F1 hybrids can be produced but introgression through backcrossing has been a problem. One of the main impediments is the time required between pollination and fertilization when F1 hybrids of P. vulgaris/P. angustissimus are backcrossed with P. vulgaris. In an attempt to reduce this time, the effect of alternative pollination techniques was studied. The rate and the time of fertilization were ascertained using three different pollen types (pollen germinated in vitro, fresh pollen (FP) mixed in pollen‐germinating media and FP), and two methods of pollination (cut‐style and stigmatic pollinations). An optimal in vitro pollen germination medium for Phaseolus pollen was developed. Low temperatures (6–9°C) were demonstrated to be necessary for Phaseolus pollen germination. Pollination using a cut‐style technique coupled with pregerminated pollen reduced the time for fertilization in the backcrosses of interspecies hybrids by approximately 28 h. This technique improved the success rate of fertilization in wide crosses of Phaseolus designed to introgress genes from wild relatives. 相似文献
15.
‘砀山酥梨’花柱可授性及蜜蜂授粉特性的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
采用半离体培养法和联苯胺-过氧化氢法研究了‘砀山酥梨’花粉萌发特性和柱头可授性。通过对‘酥梨’的最适授粉时间以及7种授粉处理坐果率的研究,探讨其授粉特性。结果表明：开花后每天酥梨柱头活性最佳的时间是11时至15时,柱头最佳授粉时间为开花后第4~5天;‘酥梨’花粉最适萌发温度为25℃,花粉管生长最有利的温度为22~25℃,在相同温度下,花粉萌发率和花粉管长度随时间增加而增加。7种授粉处理‘酥梨’的花朵坐果率中,没有昆虫授粉的‘酥梨’坐果率为0.48%和0.44%,自然授粉和人工授粉坐果率分别为2.83%和13.05%,‘酥梨’ב雪花梨’组蜜蜂授粉的坐果率为32.95%,新鲜花粉和商品花粉坐果率分别为70.2%和13.05%。由此可见,‘酥梨’是异花虫媒果树,蜜蜂可以在‘酥梨’柱头活性最高时进行授粉,从而提高‘酥梨’的坐果率,同时通过对‘酥梨’花器官生理活性和坐果习性的研究,为‘酥梨’的授粉和生产提供基础资料。 相似文献
16.
爱玉子人工授粉技术初探 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为避免爱玉子和其授粉小蜂专一性生态系统的制约,获得可控花粉来源的瘦果,本课题组开展人工授粉试验,通过花粉稀释方法和稀释倍数、授粉时间及果胶酯酶活性测定和比较三方面开展试验。按1:1固体稀释在5天内进行人工授粉,可获得重量和果胶酯酶活性都接近自然结实的瘦果,且人工授粉单果结实数量超过自然结实果44%。在以上试验结果的基础上,初步总结和讨论该人工授粉方法的创新点和不足。 相似文献
17.
为建立猕猴桃液体授粉花粉悬浊液的高效制备方法,以猕猴桃混合雄株花粉和“豫猕猴桃2号”为试材,进行了利用粗制花粉配制花粉悬浊液及液体授粉试验。结果表明,悬浊液的花粉浓度随粗制花粉添加量的增大而增加;粗制花粉添加量12%~16%（w/v）时,悬浊液的花粉浓度可达125~175万粒/ml,花粉发芽率85%以上,与对照（添加5%精制花粉）无显著性差异;各处理坐果率几乎均为100%;12%以上处理单果重100g左右,种子数1100~1220粒,与对照无显著性差异;4%处理单果重、种子数则显著低于以上处理;不同处理间可溶性固形物含量和酸含量无显著性差异。吸光指数与花粉浓度具有密切线性相关关系(r＝0.98),吸光指数2.5可作为判断花粉浓度是否适宜的指标。该法省去了花粉精制程序,是一种高效省力的猕猴桃人工授粉技术。 相似文献
18.
赣湘鄂三省荷花授粉现状调查报告 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为掌握荷花(Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn)授粉现状,2012年7月5—11日在江西、湖南、湖北三省对采收荷花粉蜂农以及当地荷花种植户进行了采访调查,针对蜂农放蜂和蜂群管理方式,蜂农和荷花种植户收益,蜜蜂为荷花授粉的必要性开展调查,同时在三省进行了荷花野生传粉昆虫数量和种类的资源调查。调查表明：三省荷花野生传粉昆虫种类和数量均较匮乏,经鉴定,荷花野生传粉昆虫主要为膜翅目昆虫,包括中华木蜂(Xylocopa sinensis Smith)、紫木蜂(Xylocopa valga Gestaecker)、黄胸木蜂(Xylocopa appendiculata Smith)、铜色隧蜂(Halictus aerarius Smith)、尖肩隧蜂(Halictus subopacus Smith)等,莲籽高产增收必须依靠蜜蜂授粉才能实现,蜜蜂授粉更有利于蜂农和荷花种植户获得更高收益;蜜蜂采集荷花粉的最佳时间为5:00—8:00,温度和风力是影响蜜蜂采集荷花的主要因素;荷花花粉价格波动受自然灾害、销售渠道和供求关系的影响;养蜂蜂农年龄结构呈现老龄化趋势。 相似文献
19.
蜜蜂授粉对农业生产具有非常重要的价值,为了研究不同蜂种授粉对茶叶品质的影响,本研究以茶树‘金茶1号’为研究对象,分别使用意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera Ligustica)、中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana)与地熊蜂(Bombus terrestris)开展蜂媒授粉技术及增产提质影响研究。结果表明中蜂授粉组访花频率最高,意蜂授粉组柱头花粉数最高,地熊蜂授粉组单花访问时间最长。中蜂授粉能显著提升茶树的茶叶籽座果率与茶叶籽油茶多酚含量,但对茶叶籽的含油量影响不显著。意蜂授粉与地熊蜂授粉对座果率影响不显,但能显著提升茶叶籽的茶多酚含量与含油量,3个授粉组对茶叶籽油的主要成分并无显著影响。在实际中可以根据生产需要选择对应的蜂种进行授粉。 相似文献
20.
Blueberry (Vaccinium section Cyanococcus, family Ericaceae) is a shrub that produces multiple-seeded berries in which only a fraction of the ovules
develop into viable seeds. A recessive yellowleaf marker gene was used to evaluate the efectiveness of a single pollination
versus multiple pollinations in producing seeds in Vaccinium elliottii Chapm. A multiple-pollination experiment was conducted to see if the first pollen applied or the second produced more progeny,
and to see if multiple pollinations increased the number of seedlings produced. Flowers of diploid yellowleaf Vaccinium elliottii were pollinated from one to four times at daily intervals. Pollen from redleaf and yellowleaf plants was used to produce
two types of seedlings that could be distinguished visually. Generally, percent berry set, seeds per berry, and seed germination
were not increased by multiple pollination. After multiple pollination, the pollen applied first always produced the most
seedlings. Prior pollination greatly reduced seed set from subsequent pollination, but subsequent pollination caused little
or no decrease in the number of seeds set by the first pollination.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献