共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
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<正>春季杂草发生特点在江苏等省份,春季麦田杂草主要有看麦娘、日本看麦娘、野燕麦、硬草、棒头草、早熟禾、菵草及猪殃殃、婆婆纳、大巢菜、荠菜、繁缕、牛繁缕、泽漆、播娘蒿、野老鹳草等20多种。其中,日本看麦娘、硬草、早熟禾、猪殃殃、婆婆纳等恶性杂草分布较广,防除难度大,危害严重。 相似文献
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在江苏等省份，春季麦田杂草主要有看麦娘、日本看麦娘、野燕麦、硬草、棒头草、早熟禾、菵草及猪殃殃、婆婆纳、大巢菜、荠菜、繁缕、牛繁缕、泽漆、播娘蒿、野老鹳草等20多种。 相似文献
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为了探明7种除草剂土壤喷雾施药对冬小麦田一年生杂草的防治效果与对冬小麦的安全性,参照《农药田间药效试验准则》相应方法于田间比较了施药前浇水与施药后浇水两种模式下防效与安全性的差异。结果表明,药剂在施药后浇水处理模式下对杂草总体的防效优于施药前浇水处理模式;试验剂量下,施药后浇水模式中氟噻草胺药后150天对猪殃殃、播娘蒿、看麦娘3种杂草的总体株数防效和鲜重防效均高于95%,噁草酮有效量720 g/hm2处理对播娘蒿、看麦娘的鲜重防效高于95%,对猪殃殃的鲜重防效则高于85%。从安全性、防效及除草剂减量角度综合分析,推荐在小麦田使用氟噻草胺和噁草酮进行土壤封闭处理,一次施药即有理想的防除效果。 相似文献
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<正>对硬草、日本看麦娘、婆婆纳、播娘蒿等恶性杂草防效突出优先(7.5%啶磺草胺水分散粒剂)是美国陶氏益农公司研发生产的高效内吸传导型冬小麦田苗后除草剂,可有效防除冬小麦田多种禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草。 相似文献
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<正>麦极(15%炔草酸可湿性粉剂)是瑞士先正达作物保护有限公司刚刚在我国上市的除草剂新产品,登记用于小麦田防除部分禾本科杂草。记者从先正达公司南京分公司了解到,该药为苗后茎叶处理剂,适用于小麦田防除野燕麦、看麦娘、硬草、菵草、棒头草等禾本科杂草,对野燕麦、看麦娘高效,对硬草、菵草、棒头草有较高的防效。该药能被杂草快速吸收, 相似文献
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<正>(接上期)小麦田杂草群落的分布、发生规律及防治第二部分:根据全国农田杂草考察组报道,我国麦田草害面积占种植面积的55%以上,其中严重危害面积占28%,损失产量占小麦总产量的15%。冬小麦主要杂草有30种左右,淮河以南主要以禾本科杂草为主,如看麦娘、日本看麦娘、雀麦、早熟禾、硬草、棒头草、菵草等。阔叶杂草主要有猪殃殃、牛繁缕、婆婆纳、碎米荠、酸 相似文献
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Duraisamy Saravanakumar Annalisa Ciavorella Davide Spadaro Angelo Garibaldi M. Lodovica Gullino 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2008,49(1):121-128
A new strain of Metschnikowia pulcherrima (MACH1) was studied for its efficacy as a biocontrol agent against Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Alternaria alternata on apples stored for 8 months at 1 °C. The results of two semi-commercial trials demonstrated the efficacy of the biocontrol strain MACH1. In order to understand the mechanism of action involved, the yeast strain was investigated for its competitive ability for iron against postharvest pathogens of apple. M. pulcherrima strain MACH1 was cultivated on PDA with different concentrations of iron (supplemented as FeCl3) against A. alternata and B. cinerea. The yeast strain MACH1 produced a wider pigmented inhibition zone against both pathogens in low iron amendments while less inhibition was measured with increased iron concentrations. At the coloured inhibition zone, B. cinerea and A. alternata conidia did not germinate and mycelial degeneration was observed. In addition, a high reduction in infection by both pathogens was recorded in apples treated with M. pulcherrima strain MACH1 supplemented with low iron amendments compared to higher iron concentrations. The same experiments were carried out in vivo and in vitro against P. expansum. M. pulcherrima strain MACH1 amended with low iron concentration (5 μg mL−1 FeCl3), showing modest lesion diameter reduction and no effect on P. expansum under increased iron and without iron amendments. This study illustrated that iron depletion by the yeast strain MACH1 under low iron conditions could reduce the growth of some postharvest pathogens in vitro and in vivo. Although, iron depletion seems to be a primary mode of action against the postharvest pathogens studied, other mechanisms of action cannot be excluded in the biocontrol employed by M. pulcherrima strain MACH1. 相似文献
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苗后除草剂喷施时期对杂草防治及冬油菜产量和品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探究苗后除草剂不同施用时期对北方冬油菜田间杂草的防控效果及其对冬油菜生长、产量和品质的影响,以当地主栽甘蓝型冬油菜天油2266和白菜型冬油菜天油H614为试验材料,选用对冬油菜安全的苗后除草剂高效氟吡甲禾灵,设置4个喷施时期处理,于2018-2019年开展大田试验。结果表明,越冬后不同时期喷施苗后除草剂,甘蓝型冬油菜田间杂草总数较对照减少57.54%~92.56%,杂草总鲜重较对照降低75.40%~97.48%,第2时期（3月25日）处理产量较对照增加354.50kg/hm2;白菜型冬油菜田间杂草株防效和鲜重防效分别为55.91%~92.02%和37.17%~97.46%,产量较对照增加2.29%~16.77%。因此,在冬油菜大量返青但未封行前施用苗后除草剂,可显著防控田间杂草并增加冬油菜籽粒产量。 相似文献
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为使芽孢杆菌属与副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)通过种间信息交流形成稳定的小生态环境,加大芽孢杆菌属的初始接种量,来探究L. paracasei HD1.7与其共培养的生态学关系。结果表明,将枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)与L. paracasei HD1.7以5%：1%的初始接种比例共培养,L. paracasei HD1.7所产细菌素为其单培养的1.21倍,群体感应相关基因luxS,prcK和prcR分别上调表达3.14、4.98和5.41倍。同时,B. subtilis形成更多的芽孢以回避细菌素的攻击,芽孢形成相关基因spo0A,sigE,sigF和sigG分别上调2.37、2.71、3.15和2.56倍。此时,二者形成了一种协同合作的生态关系。冗余分析结果表明,共培养体系中与细菌素产生关系最为密切的是芽孢数量、培养时间以及B. subtilis活菌数。L. paracasei HD1.7与芽孢杆菌属之间存在不同的生态关系,有与之共培养后对L. paracasei HD1.7偏利的芽孢杆菌,也存在对其偏害的芽孢杆菌。 相似文献
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本研究旨在开发杀线虫活性高的生防资源以防控马铃薯腐烂茎线虫病。以34个细菌菌株发酵液为试材,通过直接触杀法测定其对马铃薯腐烂茎线虫的触杀活性;利用16S rDNA基因,并结合菌落形态和生理生化特征,确定生防菌株的分类地位。筛选出9个细菌菌株对马铃薯腐烂茎线虫的触杀活性较高,48 h线虫的校正死亡率达72.36%~82.59%;经鉴定,菌株Chi9-7、Nong3-5、Nong5-6和b1-3为枯草芽胞杆菌,菌株b5-4为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌,菌株Chi9-2、Xia4-11、Gu4-7和Z-1为解淀粉芽胞杆菌。本研究筛选并鉴定了杀线虫作用明显的9株芽胞杆菌,为微生物杀线剂的研发提供了新的生防资源,也为马铃薯腐烂茎线虫病的有效防控奠定了基础。 相似文献
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水稻潜根线虫在世界各稻区均普遍发生,给水稻生产造成一定的经济损失。从前期对根结线虫有较好毒杀活性的9个菌株中筛选出对水稻潜根线虫有很好毒杀效果的菌株。结果表明,2周发酵液2.5倍稀释液处理水稻潜根线虫,菌株ZW-1和XO-2对潜根线虫毒杀活性较强,72h的死亡率分别为93.7%和96.7%,LC50值分别为90.4451和76.3875μL/mL。根据形态学特征和rDNA-ITS序列分析,鉴定菌株ZW-1和XO-2分别为日本曲霉(Aspergillus japonicus)和黑曲霉(A.niger)。这些生防真菌菌株的发掘,为植物线虫病害的生物防治提供了新的微生物资源。 相似文献
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为了解北方常见植物种子萌发与幼苗生长特性,为植被建设提供参考,选择罗布麻(Apocynum venetum)、大叶白麻(Poacynum hendersonii)、盐爪爪(Kalidium foliatum)、黄毛头(Kalidium cuspidatum)、红砂(Reaumuria soongca)、沙米(Agriophyllum squarrosum)和白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)7种沙旱生植物,在恒温培养箱中进行种子萌发实验,在温室大棚进行容器育苗观测。结果表明,沙米发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数最高,黄毛头较小,两者相差1.1倍。黄毛头发芽率最低,与罗布麻、沙米相比减少了10.93%和11.76%。盐爪爪幼苗干重和鲜重显著大于其余沙生植物。罗布麻和大叶白麻容器幼苗株高、冠幅、胚轴长、主根和侧根生长速率相对较大,黄毛头较小。大叶白麻苗高生长速率较白刺、罗布麻、红砂、盐爪爪和黄毛头分别增加了233.33%、53.84%、94.17%、104.18%和66.67%。沙米发芽过程较其他植物快,而大叶白麻的幼苗生长量最大,生长于流沙和盐渍环境的植物分别以快速发芽和加速生长适应严酷的环境。 相似文献
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为了明确种苗处理对麦冬生长的影响及其控病效果,指导麦冬优质安全生产。以川麦冬为供试材料,采用田间小区试验,研究了6种药剂3种种苗处理方式对麦冬种苗成活、生长和产量的影响,以及对炭疽病、根腐病的控病效果。结果表明木霉T23制剂、多抗霉素和噁霉灵处理种苗,可显著提高麦冬种苗成活率,促进麦冬分蘖、增加块根数、使块根伸长增粗,提高麦冬产量10%以上。对麦冬炭疽病以叶面喷施多抗霉素、噁霉灵的效果较好,防治效果分别为60.17%和58.25%;对麦冬根腐病以木霉T23、多抗霉素浸苗,或以噁霉灵、木霉T23灌根的效果均较好,其防治效果分别为70.06%、65.17%、72.87%和70.14%。综上,木霉23制剂、多抗霉素和噁霉灵处理种苗,可有效控制炭疽病、根腐病为害,促进麦冬生长,提高麦冬产量,在麦冬生产上具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
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开花是开花植物繁衍后代的前提,控制开花时间对农作物获得高产稳产具有重要影响。然而,关于甘蓝型油菜基因组水平上开花相关基因的信息报道较少。本研究对甘蓝型油菜开花相关的基因进行了鉴定、特征分析、进化与表达模式分析。结果表明,基因组水平上共鉴定到甘蓝型油菜1173个开花相关基因,这些基因分为9类,且不均匀地分布在染色体上;与白菜(AA,2n=20)和甘蓝(CC,2n=18)相比,甘蓝型油菜(AACC,2n=38)经过自然杂交和染色体加倍后,使开花相关基因的数目显著扩增;选择压力分析表明,糖代谢信号途径的基因比自发途径的开花相关基因受到的选择压力更大;仍有一些开花相关基因在拟南芥和油菜基因组内非常保守。甘蓝型油菜基因数目的扩增和功能分化导致其开花调控机制更加复杂,本研究为油菜开花途径提供更多的信息,也为阐明拟南芥和油菜开花基因的进化关系指明了方向。 相似文献
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Lolium multiflorum Lam. is an annual weed that has developed resistance to diclofop-methyl herbicide. Knowledge of the relative fitness components of resistant and susceptible biotypes is important to predict and manage resistance. Here, we use different L. multiflorum selections obtained from a long-term experiment, in which the herbicide dose (0, 280, 560 and 1120 g a.i. ha−1) and gene flow chances from Festuca rubra, naturally resistant to the herbicide, were managed. The relationship among herbicide selection history, the level of resistance achieved, and seed dormancy, germination rate and ageing is evaluated. The current resistance level of the different selections was not related to the herbicide dose of selection. The level of association between herbicide resistance and germination varied with the selection treatment and after-ripening time. There was a general positive relationship between hours to 50% germination and herbicide dose of selection, which was independent from the presence of F. rubra. Two L. multiflorum selections with highest resistance level diverged in their response to alternating temperature (i.e. seed dormancy level). While one of them displayed a high germination rate and high ageing rate, the second one displayed a low ageing rate during the evaluated period, similar to the control selection. Most arguments on how weeds evolve increasing fitness on agricultural fields are centered on dose responses and rarely on the effects of herbicide selection on other traits. Our results provide evidence that directional selection for other characteristics apart from resistance, may result from herbicide control causing adaptive phenological change. 相似文献