共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 548 毫秒
1.
随着沿海经济的迅速发展和海洋资源的大规模开发,海洋工程建设产生的悬浮物会对海洋生物生长发育产生影响。为研究悬浮物对中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)幼体的毒性效应,采用室内模拟半静态方法,研究了不同浓度悬浮物对中国对虾幼体的急性毒性效应。结果显示,随着时间的延长,高浓度的悬浮物可抑制中国对虾幼体的游泳能力,中国对虾幼体死亡率呈现出明显的剂量效应关系,悬浮物对中国对虾幼体48 h和96 h的半数致死浓度(48 h-LC_(50)和96 h-LC_(50))分别为452.21 mg/L和183.74 mg/L,对应的安全浓度为18.37 mg/L。镜检观察结果显示,中国对虾幼体体表有底泥附着,鳃内有大量的悬浮物颗粒物。该研究为深入研究悬浮物对海洋生物的毒性效应提供了理论依据。 相似文献
2.
本文通过室内模拟试验研究水体中悬浮物对中国明对虾不同幼体期生长的急性毒性效应。以无节幼体、溞状幼体、糠虾幼体和仔虾为试验生物,设置不同悬浮物质量浓度的试验组,并对死亡幼体进行计数,建立死亡率和悬浮物质量浓度对数的响应关系,求解中国明对虾幼体96h半致死质量浓度值。试验结果表明,悬浮物对中国明对虾4个时期幼体的生长均具有显著影响(P0.01),悬浮物质量浓度与幼体死亡率呈线性关系,死亡率随悬浮物质量浓度的增加而升高;无节幼体、溞状幼体、糠虾幼体、仔虾的96h半致死质量浓度分别为741.31、457.09、912.02mg/L和1023.29mg/L,线性相关系数分别为0.9771、0.9753、0.9859、0.9798。4种幼体中溞状幼体受悬浮物影响最大,仔虾受影响最小。 相似文献
3.
为评价疏浚、吹填过程中产生的底泥悬浮物对南海区凡纳滨对虾仔虾的毒性影响,根据《水质-物质对淡水鱼(斑马鱼)急性致死毒性的测定》方法,对南海区凡纳滨对虾仔虾的生物毒性影响进行了分析。结果表明:疏浚区海水中底泥悬浮物浓度超过10mg/L,持续12h,对凡纳滨对虾仔虾产生一定的致死效应。底泥悬浮物浓度超高80mg/L,且持续48h以上,将对仔虾产生严重的影响,甚至导致全部仔虾的死亡。根据仔虾的死亡概率和底泥悬浮物浓度对数,分别计算出12h、24h、36h、48h的半致死量(LC50)为54.56、40.29、25.89、19.18mg/L。 相似文献
4.
为研究敌百虫、硫酸铜和二氧化氯等3种常用渔药对攀鲈(Anabas testudineus)的急性毒性,在水温(30±1)℃下,采用半静水式试验法进行了3种药物对攀鲈幼鱼[体质量(7.78±1.60)g、全长(7.89±0.44)cm]的急性毒性试验。结果显示:敌百虫对攀鲈幼鱼的24、48、72、96 h半致死质量浓度分别为37.20、24.91、23.15、20.57 mg/L,安全质量浓度为3.351 mg/L;硫酸铜对攀鲈幼鱼的24、48、72、96 h半致死质量浓度分别为39.29、33.04、25.13、23.37 mg/L,安全质量浓度为7.010 mg/L;二氧化氯对攀鲈幼鱼的24、48、72、96 h半致死质量浓度分别为89.69、87.16、80.38、77.74 mg/L,安全质量浓度为24.691 mg/L。3种药物对攀鲈幼鱼的毒性大小依次为敌百虫>硫酸铜>二氧化氯,其安全浓度均高于有效治疗浓度,因此在养殖生产中可安全使用。 相似文献
5.
1生物学特性
川纹笛鲷(Lutjanus sebae),隶属鲈形目、鲈亚目、笛鲷科、笛鲷属,英文名:Emperor snapper,俗名:三刀、嗑头、赤海舅.体呈椭圆形,侧扁而高,头小,背鳍前高度隆起,前鳃盖骨后缘具细锯齿,体被细栉鳞,幼鱼期即呈现三条明显之红褐色直条纹,仿佛汉字之「川」字,故名「川纹笛鲷」,随着成长条纹颜色逐渐变淡.为重要食用鱼,幼鱼独特亮丽的体色作为观赏用,颇受大众欢迎.是笛鲷科中的中型鱼种,养成速度快.…… 相似文献
6.
3种水产消毒剂对暗纹东方鲀稚鱼的急性毒性试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《水产科学》2015,(5)
在水温21~23℃,pH 8.20~8.50,溶解氧6.00~7.50mg/L条件下,采用半静水法研究了苯扎溴铵、戊二醛和聚维酮碘对全长(1.73±0.32)cm、体质量(0.19±0.01)g暗纹东方鲀稚鱼的急性毒性效应。试验结果表明,苯扎溴铵对暗纹东方鲀稚鱼24、48、72h和96h半致死质量浓度分别为1.04、0.95、0.72mg/L和0.53mg/L;戊二醛对暗纹东方鲀稚鱼24、48、72h和96h半致死质量浓度分别为4.27、3.55、2.94mg/L和2.40mg/L;聚维酮碘对暗纹东方鲀稚鱼24、48、72h和96h半致死质量浓度分别为269.80、200.00、158.54mg/L和151.09mg/L。苯扎溴铵、戊二醛和聚维酮碘对暗纹东方鲀安全质量浓度分别为0.24、0.74mg/L和32.97mg/L,均高于其厂家推荐使用质量浓度,可以在暗纹东方鲀生产中使用。但暗纹东方鲀对苯扎溴铵和戊二醛较为敏感,在生产过程中应严格控制使用质量浓度。 相似文献
7.
非离子氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮对暗纹东方鲀稚鱼的急性毒性试验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在水温21~23℃,pH 8.2~8.5,溶解氧6.00~7.50mg/L的条件下,采用半静水法研究了非离子氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮对全长(1.6±0.2)cm、体质量为(0.11±0.05)g的暗纹东方鲀稚鱼的急性毒性效应。试验结果表明,暗纹东方鲀稚鱼受到非离子氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮胁迫后,先后出现鱼体体色变白、扭曲、侧游、失去平衡、昏迷等中毒症状。随着非离子氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮质量浓度的提高和胁迫时间的延长,暗纹东方鲀稚鱼死亡率逐渐升高,存在明显的剂量效应和时间效应关系。非离子氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮对暗纹东方鲀稚鱼96h半致死质量浓度分别为0.46mg/L(95%置信限0.34~0.64mg/L)和290.12mg/L(95%置信限255.16~329.87mg/L),安全质量浓度分别为0.046 mg/L和29.01mg/L。非离子氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮对暗纹东方鲀稚鱼具有一定毒性,且非离子氨氮毒性大于亚硝酸盐氮毒性。 相似文献
8.
进行了红鳍笛鲷、紫红笛鲷、斜带髭鲷、美国红鱼、尖吻鲈、卵形鲳堃等10种海水鱼人工育苗的研究，试验共计32次，培育出了一定数量的鱼苗，其中尖吻鲈鱼苗391万尾，布氏鲳堃鱼苗88万尾，卵形鲳鱼堃苗23万尾，红鳍笛鲷鱼苗0．5万尾，花尾胡椒鲷鱼苗10．7万尾，斜带髭鲷鱼苗20．1万尾，大黄鱼鱼苗56万尾，美国红鱼鱼苗234万尾，其平均成活率分别为83％、49％、58％、0．1％、14％、6％、42％、48％。对各种鱼类的人工育苗进行了对比、分析，对海水鱼类人工育苗的方法及目前育苗过程中存在的一些问题进行了讨论，试验表明：海水鱼类的人工育苗与藻类、海水比重等因素存在着密切的关系。 相似文献
9.
菲胁迫对红鳍笛鲷急、慢性毒性效应的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了解海洋菲污染对海洋水产经济鱼类的毒性及致毒机理,在实验室条件下采用半静态毒性实验研究了菲对红鳍笛鲷的96 h急性毒性,同时分析和比较了不同浓度(10.0、50.0、250.0μg/L)菲胁迫96 h后红鳍笛鲷肝脏、鳃中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力,丙二醛(MDA)含量以及脑组织中乙酰胆碱脂酶(AChE)活力的变化。结果表明,菲对红鳍笛鲷幼鱼的24、48和96 h半致死浓度(LC50)分别为4.65、3.46和3.17 mg/L,安全浓度为0.317 mg/L。在整个胁迫过程中,低浓度(10.0μg/L)菲可诱导红鳍笛鲷肝脏和鳃组织SOD活力显著性升高(P<0.05);随着浓度升高,50.0和250.0μg/L浓度组肝脏SOD活力呈抑制-诱导的波动变化,鳃SOD活力的变化则呈抑制-诱导-抑制的趋势。随着菲曝露时间延长,各浓度组红鳍笛鲷肝脏和鳃组织的MDA含量明显升高;脑组织中AChE活力表现为先升高后降低的的趋势。结果提示,菲对红鳍笛鲷具有很强的毒性,可在96 h内通过氧化损伤途径对机体产生毒性作用,鉴于SOD、MDA、AChE指标对菲的高度敏感特点,可以用其作为生物标志物来指示多环芳烃类污染物对水生生物的... 相似文献
10.
《淡水渔业》2020,(4)
为了解有机污染物三苯基锡对胭脂鱼(Myxocryprinus asiaticus)幼鱼的毒性效应,阐明聚苯乙烯微球是否能够调节三苯基锡对胭脂鱼的短期毒性,以体质量(0.325±0.065)g的胭脂鱼幼鱼为对象,在水温(24.0±1.5)℃、溶氧条件充足下,采用半静态水生生物急性毒性实验方法,测定了三苯基锡对其的急性毒性效应及三苯基锡(0.126 mg/L,0.032 mg/L)单独暴露或与聚苯乙烯微球(0.1、1、10 mg/L)联合暴露对胭脂鱼幼鱼的影响。结果表明,三苯基锡24 h半致死浓度为0.112 mg/L;48 h半致死浓度为0.053 mg/L;72 h半致死浓度为0.026 mg/L;96 h半致死浓度为0.017 mg/L;其安全浓度为0.003 mg/L。与聚苯乙烯微球联合暴露,100%死亡率时间均有延迟,表明聚苯乙烯对三苯基锡的毒性效应具有延缓作用。 相似文献
11.
12.
W. D. SUMPTON I. W. BROWN D. G. MAYER M. F. McLENNAN A. MAPLESTON A. R. BUTCHER D. J. WELCH & J. M. KIRKWOOD B. SAWYNOK & G. A. BEGG 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2010,17(1):77-88
Abstract Common coral trout, Plectropomus leopardus Lacepède, crimson snapper, Lutjanus erythropterus Bloch, saddletail snapper, Lutjanus malabaricus (Bloch & Schneider), red emperor, Lutjanus sebae (Cuvier), redthroat emperor, Lethrinus miniatus (Schneider) and grass emperor, Lethrinus laticaudis Alleyne & Macleay, were tagged to determine the effects of barotrauma relief procedures (weighted shot-line release and venting using a hollow needle) and other factors on survival. Release condition was the most significant factor affecting the subsequent recapture rate of all species. Capture depth was significant in all species apart from L. malabaricus and L. miniatus , the general trend being reduced recapture probability with increasing capture depth. Recapture rates of fish hooked in either the lip or mouth were generally significantly higher than for those hooked in the throat or gut. Statistically significant benefit from treating fish for barotrauma was found in only L. malabaricus , but the lack of any negative effects of treating fish indicated that the practices of venting and shot-lining should not be discouraged by fisheries managers for these species. 相似文献
13.
Abstract. A study was conducted to determine if hatchery-reared and wild barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Bloch), could be distinguished by the patterns of circuli spacing on the scales. Proprietary software and digitizing equipment was used to obtain measurements of circuli spacing within one millimetre of the focus of the scales. Discriminant analyses separated the groups with up to 83% accuracy. As the technique utilizes innate tags laid down in response to the rearing environment, it has considerably more potential for evaluating the efficacy of large-scale enhancement programmes than do traditional physical tagging techniques. 相似文献
14.
Amelia S. Wenger Euan Harvey Shaun Wilson Chris Rawson Stephen J. Newman Douglas Clarke Benjamin J. Saunders Nicola Browne Michael J. Travers Jennifer L. Mcilwain Paul L. A. Erftemeijer Jean‐Paul A. Hobbs Dianne Mclean Martial Depczynski Richard D. Evans 《Fish and Fisheries》2017,18(5):967-985
Dredging can have significant impacts on aquatic environments, but the direct effects on fish have not been critically evaluated. Here, a meta‐analysis following a conservative approach is used to understand how dredging‐related stressors, including suspended sediment, contaminated sediment, hydraulic entrainment and underwater noise, directly influence the effect size and the response elicited in fish across all aquatic ecosystems and all life‐history stages. This is followed by an in‐depth review summarizing the effects of each dredging‐related stressor on fish. Across all dredging‐related stressors, studies that reported fish mortality had significantly higher effect sizes than those that describe physiological responses, although indicators of dredge impacts should endeavour to detect effects before excessive mortality occurs. Studies examining the effects of contaminated sediment also had significantly higher effect sizes than studies on clean sediment alone or noise, suggesting additive or synergistic impacts from dredging‐related stressors. The early life stages such as eggs and larvae were most likely to suffer lethal impacts, while behavioural effects were more likely to occur in adult catadromous fishes. Both suspended sediment concentration and duration of exposure greatly influenced the type of fish response observed, with both higher concentrations and longer exposure durations associated with fish mortality. The review highlights the need for in situ studies on the effects of dredging on fish which consider the interactive effects of multiple dredging‐related stressors and their impact on sensitive species of ecological and fisheries value. This information will improve the management of dredging projects and ultimately minimize their impacts on fish. 相似文献
15.
Makoto Terazaki Prapan Tharnbuppa Yashima Nakayama 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》1980,19(3):235-242
The chief predatory fishes found in shrimp culture ponds in Thailand are Tilapia mossambica, Lates calcarifer, Scatophagus argus, Eluetheronema tetradactylum, Goviupterus chuno, Mystus sp., and other gobies. The eradication of predators, mostly fishes, is necessary for good management of any shrimp farm. Tea seed grown in northern Thailand has been used for this purpose. Quantitative analysis of crude saponin in the tea seed was conducted and some biological tests on the toxicity of crude saponin to fish were performed.The effective dosage of crude saponin for the eradication of predatory fishes was 1.1 ppm, but shrimp, crabs, copepoda, rotifers and brine shrimp (Crustacea) all survived this concentration. The lethal time for fishes increased in proportion to their body weight and the salinity of the pond. The toxicity of the saponin weakened with time. 相似文献
16.
Barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Bloch), were immunized with an experimental Vibrio harveyi bacterin via intraperitoneal injection, immersion and anal intubation. Both specific and non-specific immune parameters were measured to compare responses to bacterin after delivery by various methods. Elevated antibody activities in sera were found in all treatment groups with barramundi injected intraperitoneally displaying significantly higher antibody activity than the other groups. In addition, there was evidence of memory induction with a heightened antibody response in the intraperitoneally injected group only. Bacteriostatic assays indicated activity against V. harveyi in the sera of all bacterin-treated groups; again this activity was significantly higher in the intraperitoneally injected groups. There was no enhancement noted in head kidney macrophage phagocytic activity or in serum lysozyme levels. 相似文献
17.
M Y Norfatimah M N Siti Azizah A S Othman I Patimah & A F J Jamsari 《Aquaculture Research》2009,40(15):1742-1749
A 312 bp segment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene was sequenced from 132 sea bass Lates calcarifer individuals from nine populations across Peninsular Malaysia. Phylogenetic analysis and analysis of molecular variance within and among populations showed no significant geographical structuring. Several populations formed discrete units while others were of mixed populations. The former group suggests a low gene flow among some populations while the latter suggests that widespread translocations have impacted the other wild and cultured local populations. The data from this study have important implications for fishery management, conservation of sea bass stocks and translocation policy for aquaculture and stock enhancement in Peninsular Malaysia. 相似文献
18.
广东省养殖罗非鱼、海鲈、尖吻鲈海豚链球菌感染调查 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用细菌分离培养方法结合特异PCR技术,对广东省珠三角地区养殖罗非鱼(Oreochromis spp.)、海鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)及尖吻鲈(Lates calcarifer)的海豚链球菌(Streptococcus iniae)感染情况进行了周年调查。每月固定时间在特定养殖区域采集目标鱼的脑、肝、脾、肾和肌肉等组织,并对其进行海豚链球菌的细菌分离培养鉴定。仅从已经患病的尖吻鲈中分离到3株链球菌,经生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA测序确定为海豚链球菌。利用海豚链球菌特异PCR技术对上述养殖鱼类不同组织进行检测,发现罗非鱼、海鲈、尖吻鲈的海豚链球菌感染率分别为30.21%、23.53%、14.55%,其中罗非鱼脑和肌肉的感染率明显较其他组织高(P<0.05),分别为20.65%和23.75%;海鲈的脑部和肌肉感染率也较其他组织高(P<0.05),分别为12.1%和10%;而尖吻鲈各组织感染率没有较大差异(P>0.05)。另外,研究结果还表明采集样本的海豚链球菌感染率随着其体长的增加而呈现下降趋势。 相似文献
19.
Abstract. Recreational fishing for barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Bloch), is a major contributor to the economy of Queensland, generating an estimated $A 8 to $A 15 million per annum. The Queensland Department of Primary Industries is investigating the feasibility of enhancing barramundi populations with fish produced in fish hatcheries. Cost benefit analysis of the Department's stocking of baaamundi in Lake Tinaroo indicates that each dollar spent on the programme generates a potential $A 31 of economic benefit to the Queensland economy. 相似文献