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本文综述了近几年国内外应用于生态农业的微生物源的植物生长促进剂的研究进展。涉及微生物制剂的种类、作用机理、剂型及其展望和发展趋势,为正确使用和进一步开发这类微生物制剂提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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微生物源的植物生长促进剂研究的新进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文综述了近几年国内外应用于生态农业的微生物源的植物生长促进剂的研究进展。涉及微生物制剂的种类、作用机理、剂型及其展望和发展趋势，为正确使用和进一步开发这类微生物制剂提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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动物微生态制剂研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《南方农业》2017,(36)
动物微生态制剂是一种通过促进正常微生物菌群繁殖及抑制有害菌生长,从而保持肠道生态系统动态平衡的制剂,具有刺激动物生长、改善动物肉质、增强动物机体免疫力的功能。基于此,从微生态制剂的发展历程、种类、作用机理、在家禽家畜中的应用现状及其研究进展进行了论述。 相似文献
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多效微生物制剂对甘肃干旱区马铃薯连作土壤生态及产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
连作障碍已成为严重威胁甘肃马铃薯产业可持续发展的因素之一,而功能微生物在植物防病、促生、土壤修复等方面有其独特的优势。通过多年田间定位试验,研究了多效微生物制剂对甘肃干旱区马铃薯连作土壤微生物、养分、酶活性等生态因子及其产品产量和品质的影响。结果显示,应用多效微生物制剂对甘肃干旱区马铃薯连作土壤生态及其产量等影响显著,与对照相比,提高了细菌、放线菌的数量,降低了真菌的数量;提高了土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性;使连作土壤矿质营养碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量显著提高;降低了连作马铃薯晚疫病、枯萎病和软腐病的发生率,与对照相比,病株率分别降低了66.34%、69.17%和67.24%,病薯率分别降低了74.85%、78.75%和60.31%;明显促进植株生长,提高块茎产量,增产率为14.45%。研究证明多效微生物制剂能够有效改良甘肃干旱区马铃薯连作障碍土壤生态环境、防控病害、促进马铃薯植株生长、提高产量。 相似文献
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腐植酸促进植物生长的机理研究进展 总被引：18，自引：5，他引：13
【目的】腐植酸在我国农业生产中发挥了重要作用,许多研究证实,腐植酸具有促进植物生长的功能,本文从腐植酸刺激植物根系生长、调控土壤与肥料养分转化及肥料利用率和影响土壤微生物和酶活性方面,系统总结了国内外施用腐植酸促进植物生长的途径,阐述了腐植酸对植物生长促进作用的机理,旨在梳理腐植酸促进植物生长机理的研究现状,为腐植酸的进一步研究和应用提供参考依据。[主要进展]1）腐植酸能够对植物产生类似生物刺激素的效应。它能够提高植物根系H+-ATP酶等的活性、刺激植物根伸长和侧根生长点的增加,从而增加根系活力及植物根系与土壤养分的接触面积,增加植物对养分的吸收;2）逆境胁迫下,腐植酸能够通过调节植物体内的新陈代谢并改善植物生长环境,缓解甚至消除逆境胁迫对植物的伤害,从而促进植物生长;3）腐植酸能够通过与氮素、磷素和钾素发生结合效应,与磷酸盐产生竞争效应和对钾离子的吸附作用固持与活化土壤与肥料中的养分,提高土壤肥料有效性和缓释性能,提高肥料利用率,从而促进植物生长;4）腐植酸还能够影响土壤中与养分转化相关的酶活性和微生物群落结构及数量,在活化养分的同时,保蓄养分,降低养分的损失,为植物生长保障持久的养分供应;5）腐植酸对植物生长的促进效应受腐植酸结构特征、添加量和供试植物种类等因素的影响。[建议与展望]由于技术手段的限制和研究技术的差异,人们对腐植酸促进植物生长机理的认识还不够系统和深入,因此,腐植酸的基本特征、影响腐植酸作用的主控因子、土壤-植物系统中腐植酸促进植物生长的主要途径和腐植酸对土壤功能性微生物等的影响都将成为未来研究的重要方向。 相似文献
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接种微生物对土壤中Cd、Pb、Zn生物有效性的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
针对提高植物修复土壤重金属污染的效果,以印度芥菜作为重金属富集植物,通过盆栽试验研究了巨大芽胞杆菌和胶质芽胞杆菌的混合微生物制剂(A处理)和黑曲霉发酵液(B处理)对植物修复Cd、Pb、Zn污染土壤的作用效果。结果表明:巨大芽胞杆菌和胶质芽胞杆菌的混合微生物制剂,不仅可以促进富集植物的生长,使其印度芥菜的生物量提高24.73%,并且可促进土壤Cd、Pb、Zn的活化,使土壤Cd、Pb、Zn有效态含量分别提高15.02%、7.65%和2.23%,增强富集植物对土壤的Cd、Pb、Zn富集吸收,使印度芥菜对土壤Cd、Pb、Zn的提取量分别提高52%、121%和23%,显著提高其植物修复效果。从对植物生理生化指标的影响来看,A处理对植株的伤害程度要低于B处理,它是一种有助于植物修复Cd、Pb、Zn污染土壤的微生物制剂,在植物修复领域有较高的利用价值。然而,黑曲霉混合发酵液不适于促进植物修复应用。 相似文献
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植物微生态学与植物微生态制剂的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
蔡元呈 《中国生态农业学报》2002,10(2):106-108
论述了微生态学引起微生物学的观念革命及生态制剂的崛起,植物微生态学概念及形成过程,以益微为例阐述了植物微生态制剂的概念与筛选、作用机理及性能特点、微生态学与持续农业（生态农业）的关系等。 相似文献
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Methods for the introduction of bacteria into soil: A review 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summary Literature on the use of microbial inoculants to increase crop yields, to control soil-borne plant diseases, or to degrade pollutants has been reviewed. Established inoculant technology based on Rhizobium/peat inoculants has been summarized. Special emphasis has been placed on the use of carrier materials for the delivery of microbial inoculants. Some new developments, e.g., the use of synthetic carriers, have been highlighted. The fact that not only inoculant survival in carrier materials should be studied, but also the ecological consequences of the introduction of bacteria, has been stressed. 相似文献
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The burgeoning global market for soil microbial inoculants for use in agriculture is being driven by pressure to increase sustainable crop production by managing pests and diseases without environmental impacts. Microbial inoculants, based predominantly on bacteria and fungi, are applied to soil as alternatives to conventional inorganic fertilizers (biofertilizers) or to carry out specific functions including biocontrol of pests and diseases (biopesticides), or for bioremediation and enhancement of soil characteristics. While some soil inoculants such as rhizobia have a long and successful history of use, others have performed inconsistently in the field and failed to live up to their promise suggested by laboratory testing. A more precise understanding of the ecology and modes of action of inoculant strains is key to optimizing their efficacy and guiding their targeted use to situations where they address key limitations to crop production. This will require greater collaboration between science disciplines, including microbiology, plant and soil science, molecular biology and agronomy. Inoculants must be produced and formulated to ensure their effective establishment in the soil and practicality of implementation alongside existing cropping practices. New approaches to strain selection and construction of beneficial microbial consortia should lead to more efficacious inoculant products. Extensive and rigorous field evaluation of inoculants under a range of soil and environmental conditions has rarely been undertaken and is urgently needed to validate emerging inoculant products and underpin successful implementation by growers, especially in a market that is largely unregulated at present. 相似文献
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Microbial‐based inoculants have been reported to stimulate plant growth and nutrient uptake. However, their effect may vary depending on the growth stage when evaluated or fertilizer applied. Thus, the objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that microbial‐based inoculants known to promote root growth and nutrient uptake will promote plant growth, enhance early root development, and increase nutrient concentrations of corn (Zea mays L.). Plants were evaluated at four different growth stages and in the presence of three different nitrogen (N) fertilizers. The microbial‐based treatments evaluated were: SoilBuilder™ (SB), a filtered metabolite extract of SoilBuilder™ (SBF), a mixture of four strains of plant growth‐promoting Bacillus spp (BM), and a water‐inoculated control. The experiment also included four fertilizer treatments: urea (U), urea‐ammonium nitrate (UAN), calcium‐ammonium nitrate (CAN), and an unfertilized control. Corn plants were evaluated at growth stages V2, V4, V6, and VT. Plant growth parameters for biomass, height, and SPAD readings were enhanced by the three microbial‐based treatments. A greater effect of microbial‐based treatments was observed when plants were evaluated at V6 and VT stages. Parameters of early root development such as total root length (TRL), root surface area (RSA), and length of fine roots were enhanced when microbial‐based treatments were applied. Concentrations of N, P, and K were also increased by microbial‐based treatments compared to the non‐inoculated control. Increases in plant N concentration due to microbial‐based treatments were on average 72% for CAN, 61% for UAN, 72% for urea, and 54% for the unfertilized control. Phosphorus concentration was increased most (138%) when BM was applied with CAN. In the same way, when CAN was present, K concentration was increased by 95% with BM and 65% when SB and SBF were applied. Overall, the results demonstrate that microbial‐based inoculants evaluated in this study can positively impact corn growth and nutrient concentration, especially during the late vegetative stages. Furthermore, the results indicate that the enhancement of nutrient concentrations (N, P, and K) in this case was related to the capacity of microbial‐based treatments to impact root morphology at early stages of corn growth. 相似文献
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Influence of introduced potential biocontrol agents on maize seedling growth and bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Two species of Pseudomonas chromosomally tagged with gfp, which had shown antagonistic activity against the tomato pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum in a previous study, were assessed for their impact in the rhizosphere of maize. Plant growth characteristics, numbers of indigenous heterotrophic bacteria, changes in the bacterial community structure according to the r/K strategy concept, and shifts in MIDI-FAME profiles of culturable bacterial fractions as well as total rhizosphere microbial communities were determined in relation to seed and soil treatment with the exogenous pseudomonads. The maize rhizosphere proved to be a suitable habitat for the introduced P. chlororaphis IDV1 and P. putida RA2, which showed good survival after introduction. However, both inoculants showed a small growth-reducing effect towards maize, which might have been caused by the high densities of inoculants used (i.e. competition for nutrients and action of metabolites produced) and/or changes in microbial community structure (both culturable bacterial fraction and the total microflora). Probably, an altered balance among the indigenous maize rhizosphere populations occurred. Thus, the culturable bacteria, as well as the total microflora in the rhizosphere, changed in response to the introduced pseudomonads, and their development was dependent on the growth stage of the plant. The FAME analyses showed that these microbial communities comprised different populations, and were separated according to, first, the method used (direct versus cultivation-based), second, sampling time, and, finally, inoculation level. 相似文献
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Inês Rocha Ying Ma Maria F. Carvalho Catarina Magalhães Martina Janoušková Miroslav Vosátka 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2019,65(1):31-43
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, responsible for enhancing plant nutrition, vigour and growth, may be used to reduce dosages of chemical fertilisers. Technologies that allow an economically viable and efficient application of these beneficial microbes in large scale agriculture must be studied. Seed coating is a potential delivery system for efficiently introducing minor amounts of bioinoculants. Despite the dramatic reduction on inoculum dose per plant, inoculation of AM fungi via seed coating was as effective as conventional soil inoculation. Fertilisation and inoculation had a significant impact on maize shoots nutrient concentrations. Different fertilisation regimes did not influence mycorrhizal colonisation. Plants without fertilisation and singly inoculated with R. irregularis showed shoot nutrient concentration increments of 110, 93, 88 and 175% for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc, respectively, comparing with non-inoculated controls. Plants singly inoculated with P. fluorescens via seed coating under full fertilisation, presented enhancements of 100, 75 and 141% for magnesium, zinc and manganese, respectively, comparing with non-inoculated controls. Seed coating is a promising tool for delivering microbial inoculants into the soil, while promoting sustainable production of maize. This technology is particularly pertinent in low input agriculture, with potential environmental profits and food quality improvements. 相似文献
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微生物菌剂对小麦秸秆和尿素静态堆腐过程的影响(简报) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨微生物菌剂对小麦秸秆和尿素静态堆腐过程的影响机制,研究了在静态通气条件下,微生物菌剂对堆腐过程温度和水解酶活性的影响。结果表明,G+J（添加葡萄糖活化的微生物菌剂）、J（微生物菌剂）和CK（不加微生物菌剂）处理的最高温度分别为66 .0℃、67.1℃和59.5℃,整个堆腐过程温度高于50 ℃的时间为：G+J（240 h）＞J（120 h）＞CK（96 h）。G+J处理的纤维素酶活性峰值出现在第9 d,达到 334.37 mg/(g·d),J和CK酶活性峰值较G+J滞后3 d和6 d出现,酶活性峰值分别为271.59 mg/(g·d)和236.67 mg/(g·d);G+J处理蔗糖酶活性峰值是CK处理的2.53倍,J处理蔗糖酶活性是CK处理的2.33倍;随着堆腐时间的延长,23 d后各处理脲酶活性均小于 20.00 mg/(g·d)。相关性分析表明,3个处理的纤维素酶活性与温度负相关,但是不显著(P＞0.05);G+J处理的蔗糖酶活性与温度呈极显著负相关,J处理的蔗糖酶活性与温度呈显著性负相关;3个处理的脲酶活性与温度均达到显著或极显著负相关（P＜0.05,P＜0.01）。可见,复合微生物菌剂可以改变腐解过程中温度与水解酶活性。 相似文献
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Muthukumaravel Chinnusamy Brahma Dutta Kaushik Radha Prasanna 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(5):857-871
A pot culture experiment was undertaken under controlled conditions in the National Phytotron Facility to investigate the interactive effect of microbial inoculants—blue-green algae (BGA), Azospirillum, phosphate-solubilizing bacterium (PSB) Pseudomonas striata, vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (VAMF), and Azolla, individually and in combination with chemical fertilizers and/rock phosphate on the wetland rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar ‘PNR 381’. The microbial inoculants—BGA, PSB, VAMF, and Azospirillum—positively interacted with one another, resulting in significant improvement in yield and nutritional parameters. Application of biofertilizers also substantially improved soil (peat) fertility status by increasing the nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and organic carbon content. The biofertilizer combination BGA + PSB + VAMF + Azospirillum was best for improved growth and yield traits, nutritional status of rice, and sustained soil (peat) fertility. Azolla, which is a highly competitive organism, suppressed the growth of the other four inoculants. The inclusion of VAMF and PSB was observed to significantly improve the zinc nutrition of the paddy and the P utilization of the applied rock phosphate. A basal dose of nitrogenous fertilizer was essential for deriving maximum benefits from applied inoculants, thereby underlying the supplementary/complementary role of biofertilizers in efficient nutrient management in agriculture. 相似文献
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Sabine Ravnskov Inge M.B. Knudsen Dan Funck Jensen John Larsen 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(12):3453-3462
Interactions between the biocontrol fungus Clonostachys rosea IK 726 and a tomato/Glomus intraradices BEG87 symbiosis were examined with and without wheat bran, which served as a food base for C. rosea. In soil without wheat bran amendment, inoculation with C. rosea increased plant growth and altered shoot nutrient content resulting in an increase and decrease in P and N content, respectively. Inoculation with G. intraradices had no effect on plant growth, but increased the shoot P content. Dual inoculation with G. intraradices and C. rosea followed the pattern of C. rosea in terms of plant growth and nutrient content. Wheat bran amendment resulted in marked plant growth depressions, which were counteracted by both inoculants and dual inoculation increased plant growth synergistically. Amendment with wheat bran increased the population density of C. rosea and reduced mycorrhizal fungus colonisation of roots. The inoculants were mutually inhibitory, which was shown by a reduction in root colonisation with G. intraradices in treatments with C. rosea and a reduction in colony-forming units (cfu) of C. rosea in treatments with G. intraradices, irrespective of wheat bran amendment. Moreover, both inoculants markedly influenced soil microbial communities examined with biomarker fatty acids. Inoculation with G. intraradices increased most groups of microorganisms irrespective of wheat bran amendment, whereas the influence of C. rosea on other soil microorganisms was affected by wheat bran amendment. Overall, inoculation with C. rosea increased and decreased most groups of microorganisms without and with wheat bran amendment, respectively. In conclusion, despite mutual inhibition between the two inoculants this interaction did not impair their observed plant growth promotion. Both inoculants also markedly influenced other soil microorganisms, which should be further studied in relation to their plant growth-promoting features. 相似文献
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There is a growing body of evidence that demonstrates the potential of various microbes to enhance plant productivity and yield in cropping systems. Realizing the potential of beneficial microbes requires an understanding of the role of microbes in growth promotion, particularly in terms of fertilization and disease control, the underlying mechanisms and the challenges in application and commercialization of plant growth-promoting (PGP) microbes. This review focuses specifically on the use of PGP microbes in the cotton industry and summarizes the commercial bioinoculant products currently available for cotton; highlighting factors that must be considered for future development of PGP microbial products for the cotton industry. Given the paucity of information on beneficial microbes for cotton production systems in comparison to those for other cropping systems (e.g. legumes and grains), a snapshot of the current research is critical in light of the increased interest in cotton inoculants, mainly in developing countries such as India, and the overall increased interest in PGP applications as part of promoting sustainable agriculture. 相似文献
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堆肥作为微生物菌剂载体的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以自然风干的堆肥为载体,吸附3株功能芽胞细菌液体菌剂制成不同生物肥料,通过不同时间取样比较堆肥、有机无机肥和生物有机肥以及生物复混肥中功能芽胞细菌和普通微生物数量以及pH等指标变化,探讨堆肥作为载体生产生物肥料的可行性。研究结果表明,经过自然风干的堆肥与蛭石比较,吸附液体微生物菌剂后无论外观、手感还是功能芽胞细菌死亡率,差异均不大。含水量小于15%堆肥吸附液体菌剂比例为6%比较合适,吸附比例高时,生物肥料含水量和pH较高,影响保存效果。生物有机肥和生物复混肥保存6个月时,3株功能芽胞细菌总数分别为0.59×108 CFU.g-1和0.38×108 CFU.g-1,依然可达到农业行业标准要求。生物有机肥中功能芽胞细菌数量最高,生物复混肥集合了三大肥料优点,堆肥中普通微生物数量和多样性最高。完全腐熟的堆肥经过自然风干后可作为微生物菌剂载体。 相似文献