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选取近年来国审以及省审的16份优质小麦品种,通过大田种植并根据其综合性状表现,筛选出适合江苏淮河以南地区种植的优质小麦品种。结果表明,16份小麦品种虽然抽穗期相差较大,但成熟期相近。产量以扬麦系列的品种相对较高,镇麦系列的品种产量相对较低。其中实际产量超过550 kg/667 m2的有7个品种,分别为扬麦15、扬麦24、扬麦13、瑞华麦518、扬麦23、明麦133和扬麦28。依据粗蛋白质和湿面筋含量对16个参试品种进行分类,属于强筋的共有5个品种,分别是宁麦资126、农丰88、镇麦10号、镇麦12号和镇麦168;属于中强筋的共有4个品种,分别是扬麦13、瑞华麦518、国红3号和镇麦15;其余7个品种均为中筋小麦品种,分别是隆麦28、扬麦15、扬麦23、扬麦24、扬麦28、光明麦1311、明麦133。以上结果说明江苏淮河以南地区优质麦生产应以强筋和中强筋品种为主。综合生育期、产量、品质和抗性等,适合江苏淮南地区生产的优质小麦品种为扬麦13和瑞华麦518。 相似文献
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为拓宽山西优质小麦品种资源,采用田间试验,分秋播(2010年9月28日)和春播(2011年2月28日)两个播种时期,研究了来自黄淮冬麦区和长江中下游冬麦区的9个优质小麦品种在晋中晚熟冬麦区的农艺、产量及品质性状表现。其中黄淮冬麦区品种为烟农19(冬性,强筋)、淮麦18(半冬性,中筋)和宁麦9号(冬性,弱筋),长江中下游冬麦区品种为镇麦168(春性,强筋)、皖麦33(春性,强筋)、宁麦13(春性,弱筋)、扬辐麦2号(春性,弱筋)、扬辐麦4号(春性,弱筋)和扬麦15(春性,弱筋)。结果表明,烟农19和淮麦18在晋中麦区秋播可正常越冬,并获得相当的产量,且烟农19的成穗数和产量高于淮麦18;9个引进小麦品种在晋中麦区春播均可抽穗成熟,但因2010-2011年度秋冬春三季连旱,所有品种在苗期到拔节期受旱,因而均未能获得较高的籽粒产量。烟农19和淮麦18的籽粒产量和品质秋播明显高于或优于春播。总体来看,在晋中麦区,烟农19和淮麦18适宜通过秋播种植加以利用,扬辐麦2号、宁麦9号有望通过春播种植加以利用。 相似文献
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为了解小麦品种间耐迟播性的差异,以扬麦16、扬麦18、扬麦20、镇麦9号、宁麦14和镇麦168等6个淮南麦区主栽小麦品种为材料,研究了不同播期（11月8日、11月15日、11月22日和11月29日）下小麦品种的产量、生育特性及抗逆性特点。结果表明,随播期的推迟,6个小麦品种产量均呈下降趋势,其中扬麦18和镇麦9号四个播期的产量均在4 500 kg·hm-2以上,表现出较好的丰产性和耐迟播性;扬麦18对赤霉病的抗性最强,但生育期长（190~206 d）,成熟期最晚推迟至6月6日,且田间出现倒伏现象。综合来看,本试验条件下,淮南麦区小麦适播期为11月8日至11月15日,11月22日是最晚临界期。镇麦9号综合农艺性状较好,适宜淮南麦区晚播种植。 相似文献
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稻茬晚播小麦不同品种产量及群体特征和氮效应比较研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为筛选出适合苏中地区稻茬晚播条件下种植的小麦品种,以苏中地区生产上大面积推广应用的宁麦14、宁麦19、苏麦188、扬麦16、扬麦22、扬辐麦4号、扬麦23和扬麦25为试验材料,比较了不同品种在晚播条件下生育进程、产量、群体结构特征、氮效率及抗倒性的差异。结果表明,晚播条件下,扬麦16、扬麦23、宁麦14以及宁麦19的生育进程略快于苏麦188及扬麦22,扬麦16和扬麦23较其他品种早熟1~2 d。两年度均以扬麦23产量最高(8 168.82 kg·hm-2),其次为扬辐麦4号(8 124.06 kg·hm-2),这两个品种生育前期干物质积累量高, LAI较大,花后旗叶叶绿素含量较高。扬麦16虽然越冬期有较大的生长量及分蘖发生量,熟期较早,但晚播条件下穗数不足,限制了其产量潜力的发挥。成熟期扬麦16和扬麦23的氮素积累量显著高于宁麦14和扬麦25,花后氮素积累量扬麦23最高。扬辐麦4号和扬麦23氮效率指标优于其他参试品种。扬辐麦4号抗倒伏指数最高,其次为扬麦23和扬麦25,抗倒性能均较好;扬麦22株高与重心高度低于其他品种,但茎秆质量较差。综合考虑,扬麦23和扬辐麦4号生育前期分蘖发生较快,中期群体结构协调,花后旗叶叶绿素含量较高,同时具有较好的抗倒性能,稻茬晚播条件下推荐选用。 相似文献
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抗赤霉病小麦新品种——扬麦18 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
扬麦18(原名扬03G12)是江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所采用南农P045(含Pm21)为抗白粉病基因供体亲本,扬88-128为高产亲本,高产、抗赤霉病、具广泛适应性的品种扬麦158为轮回亲本,再以高产、高抗梭条花叶病品种宁麦9号为轮回亲本,运用"综合性状协调点"的观点与抗赤霉病鉴定相结合的育种方法育成的具有广泛适应性的高产抗赤霉病小麦新品种,其系谱来源为4×宁麦9号/3/6×扬麦158//88-128/南农P045.该品种2008和2009年分别通过安徽省和江苏省品种审定委员会审定. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Whereas the concept that availability of resources drives seed production is sound in principle, it is incomplete as there are many solutions to the allocation of resources that derive from the trade-off between number and size. This paper examines evolutionary aspects of this trade-off in annual grain crops. The analysis is centred on the working hypotheses that, for a given species and environment, allocation of resources to reproduction involves (H1) high plasticity in seed number, which allows for variable resource availability, and (H2) a relatively narrow range of seed size that results from evolutionary and agronomic selection. Comparisons between crops and fish are used to highlight common evolutionary elements in taxa where parents provide little or no care to their offspring, with the consequence that both number and early survival of offspring, hence fitness of parents, are partially related to embryo size and reserves.
The plasticity of seed number in relation to availability of resources is analysed against the established relationship between offspring number and parent growth rate during critical stages. The notion that seed size is under stabilising selection is analysed against three conditions: (1) mean seed size is conservative for a given species and environment, (2) seed size affects fitness, and (3) seed size is heritable. Databases from published papers were compiled to analyse the relative variability of seed size and number, and the heritability of seed size. Evidence for and against the link between seed size and parental fitness is revised using the Smith–Fretwell model as framework (Am. Nat., 108, 499–506).
The proposal of high plasticity of seed number and narrow variability of seed size resulting from stabilising natural selection is generally consistent with evolutionary and genetic considerations. Agronomic selection may have reinforced natural selection leading to relatively narrow seed size in species such as wheat and soybean, where cultivated types retained high plasticity for seed number. In contrast, selection for one or few inflorescences in crops like sunflower and maize may have morphologically reduced seed number plasticity and increased variability of seed size and its responsiveness to resource availability in relation to their wild ancestors. 相似文献
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Yanhua Lu Chongwei Zhang Peter Bucheli Dongzhi Wei 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2006,61(2):55-63
Flavonoids-enriched tissues of citrus such as peel, immature fruit and flower are consumed as culinary seasonings, tea ingredients in China for centuries. This HPLC quantitative study on the five citrus flavonoids, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, sinensetin and nobiletin on a wide range of Chinese citrus fruits and several Traditional Chinese Medicinal food ingredients in East China, revealed a great diversity in flavonoid composition. Huyou peel (C. paradisi cv. Changshanhuyou) was found to be the best naringin (3.25%) and neohesperidin (2.76%) source; C. aurantium, a major ingredient of several citrus-related TCM, is also a suitable source of naringin and neohesperidin, and a good juice source for flavanone glycosides; the peel of Wenzhoumiju (C. unshiu) is one of the richest local species in hesperidin (up to 6.25%); Zaoju (C. subcompressa) has the highest content of nobiletin (0.59%), a polymethoxylated flavone. LC-ES-MS analysis of Zanthoxylum genus for flavonoids revealed for the first time the presence of significant amounts (0.74%) of hesperidin in the root of Liangmianzhen (Z. nitidum (Roxb.) DC), a relative of Sichuan pepper, which is a spice widely used in China. 相似文献
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Summary The viability of five pathogens was decreased by treatment with hot water when tested in vitro.Polyscytalum pustulans was most sensitive andRhizoctonia solani least sensitive.
Potato tubers were exposed to 55°C for 5 min in a commercial continuous hot water treatment plant using naturally contaminated
seed tubers and tubers which had been inoculated by dipping in comminuted cultures. The frequency of eyes colonised byP. pustulans, Helminthosporium solani, andR. solani was reduced to virtually zero and the effect persisted on tubers subsequently stored at 4°C and at 15°C for up to 16 wk.
Results withColletotrichum coccodes were inconclusive. Treatment suppressedPenicillium spp. which, however, rapidly recolonised the eyes during storage, leading to higher contamination levels in the treated than
in the untreated tubers. With tubers inoculated withPhoma foveata, good control was achieved when the incubation period before treatment was 10 d but not when the period was 42 d. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):379-400
Summary Heterocyclic 1,4-benzoxazin-3-ones and related benzox-azolinones are important natural products of the cereal crops maize, wheat and rye. Much research has focused on the role of these compounds as defensive agents against plant diseases and pests. Studies of a wide variety of biological effects on herbivores and nematodes, plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria are reviewed in this article. Phytotoxic activity of the compounds is also considered with respect to allelopathic interaction with higher plants. Recent investigations of molecular aspects of interactions of cyclic hydroxamic acids and related benzoxazo-linones with acceptor organisms have demonstrated different effective detoxification strategies and tolerance mechanisms. This research has greatly advanced our knowledge about the multiple roles that these allelochemicals play in ecological systems. 相似文献
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Potential of dry fractionation of wheat bran for the development of food ingredients,part I: Influence of ultra-fine grinding 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Youna Hemery Marc Chaurand Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Vieno Piironen Abdelkrim Sadoudi Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is an undervalued by-product of white flour and has great nutritional potential due to its high content in fibres and bioactive compounds. Micronized bran could be used as a food ingredient to improve the nutritional potential of cereal products, or be used as a starting material for other processes (bioactive compound extraction or bran fractionation). The aim of this work was to find a way to efficiently decrease the particle size of bran. The influence of the grinding temperature (ambient or cryogenic grinding) on the granulometric distribution of particles, their composition, and their microstructure was studied, at lab-scale and pilot-scale. It showed that the intrinsic characteristics of bran (glass transition within intermediate layers at −46 °C) had more influence on its grinding behaviour than the type of grinding device used: the particles size distributions obtained after grinding at lab-scale and pilot-scale were very similar. At both scales, the granulometric curves were narrow for cryogenic grinding, while for ambient grinding they were spread over the whole particle size range. Ultrafine particles were obtained in both ambient and cryogenic conditions. Negative temperatures, by increasing the material’s brittleness, favoured a fast fragmentation of bran: one step of cryogenic grinding allowed a median particle size of nearly 50 μm to be reached, whereas three successive steps of ambient grinding were needed for the same result. On the other hand, ambient temperature favoured the dissociation of the different constituent layers of wheat bran, and produced less composite particles than cryogenic grinding. 相似文献
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Multiple use of plants: Studies on selenium incorporation in some agricultural species for the production of organic selenium compounds 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The technique of spraying plants with inorganic forms of selenium can be employed for phytochemical production of organic selenium compounds. Fractionation of the plant material makes it possible to produce a highly concentrated and well defined selenium supplement with potential use in animal and human nutrition. The fractionation also gives opportunities to combine production of organic selenium compounds with other products, for example plant fibres. Multiple use of plants can contribute to a more efficient utilization of land area (in comparison to monocultures solely adapted to food production). It also gives the opportunity to develop systems suitable for long term fixation of carbon, as long as the plant material is not reoxidised to carbon dioxide. Plant fibres could provide raw material for the production of paper or building materials in combination with the production of organic selenium compounds preferentially accumulated in another fraction of the processed plant. 相似文献
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Summary
Macrosiphum euphorbiae, collected in the field from potato plants infected with potato leafroll virus (PLRV), transmitted the virus to fewer potato
plants in a field trial than did laboratory-rearedMyzus persicae. In the laboratory,M. persicae was the only efficient vector of PLRV fromPhysalis floridana seedlings, potato sprouts or excised leaves toP. floridana. Two clones ofM. euphorbiae and one clone ofAulacorthum solani transmitted PLRV from infected potato plants toNicotiana clevelandii as effeciently asM. persicae but a clone ofAphis gossypii was an inefficient PLRV vector. An isolate of PLRV, whichM. persicae transmitted inefficiently from potato toN. clevelandii, was also transmitted inefficiently byM. euphorbiae andA. solani. 相似文献