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1.
以牡丹皮等16种中草药的丙酮提取物为材料，测定了其对5种植物病原菌的生长抑制活性。结果表明：在供试质量浓度为0．05g／mL时，牡丹皮提取物对所有供试病原菌菌丝生长抑制效果最好，除对杨树溃疡病菌菌丝生长抑制率为85.3％外，对其他植物病原菌的抑制率均为100％。高良姜提取物抑菌活性次之。对4种供试植物病原菌菌丝生长抑制率均在80％以上，对番茄灰霉病菌的抑制率最低，也达到68％。黄芩提取物对供试的3种植物病原菌的抑制率超过60％。连翘、知母、蔓荆、乳香和地榆等5种中药提取物分别对供试的5种植物病原菌中的2种有较好的抑菌活性。在供试质量浓度为0．1g／mL时。牡丹皮、高良姜等2种中药提取物对杨树溃疡病菌孢子萌发抑制作用相当明显。抑制率均在80％以上；白花蛇舌草、乳香、川楝等3种中药提取物对杨树溃疡病菌孢子萌发抑制作用次之，抑制率均在60‰以上。 相似文献
2.
寡雄腐霉生防机理及应用研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
寡雄腐霉是一种重要的微生物农药,因其对病原菌具有广谱、高效的防治特性及对作物具有促生长和增产等特点被广泛关注。本文从寡雄腐霉对植物病原菌抗性、诱导植物产生诱导系统抗性、促进植物生长等方面对其生防的分子机理和信号转导的研究进展进行了综述,总结了寡雄腐霉在防治植物病害方面的应用,并对研究和应用过程中存在的问题及解决途径提出展望。 相似文献
3.
蝇蛆几丁低聚糖对草莓保鲜作用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
两种蝇蛆几丁低聚糖对7种草莓病原菌的抑制作用，试验结果表明酶解几丁低聚糖的抑菌活性显著高于H2O2水解几丁低聚糖，质量浓度10g／ml时，它对草莓灰霉菌等6种病原菌有强烈的抑制作用，抑菌效果在80％以上，但对草莓白粉菌的抑制作用一般；H2O2水解几丁低聚糖对草莓灰霉菌等4种病原菌也有很好的抑制效果，对草莓黑霉病菌等3种病原菌的抑制作用较差。盆栽试验结果表明蝇蛆几丁低聚糖喷雾处理可以减少生长期草莓果实的发病率，处理后第3天即表现出一定的防病效果，处理后第6天防病效果最佳．处理后第9天，防病效果开始有所下降。涂膜处理试验结果表明，在常温下，10—20mg／ml几丁低聚糖溶液处理，可使草莓的保存期延长2—3天。 相似文献
4.
葡聚烯糖和Harpin蛋白对两种番茄病害的防治效果 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
葡聚烯糖是一种在寄主 病原互作过程中来自病原菌的可诱导植物抗病性的激发子[1],具有调控植物的生长、发育和增强抗病性等功能。迄今已知寡糖类制剂可提高芹菜对萎蔫病、黄瓜对猝倒病、大豆对根腐病等的抗性,对采后病害如辣椒和草莓烂果也有显著的防病效果。Ｈａｒｐｉｎ蛋白是植物病原菌ｈｒｐ基因编码的非特异性激发子,已证明多数病原Ｈａｒｐｉｎ蛋白能诱导烟草、马铃薯、番茄、大豆、黄瓜及拟南芥产生过敏反应[2]。该蛋白已于2000年在美国注册并商品化生产,主要用于防治烟草黑胫病、葡萄灰霉病、马铃薯叶斑病等多种病害。番茄是重要的… 相似文献
5.
寡雄腐霉Pythium oligandrum作为一种重要的土传病害生防因子越来越受到关注,它能在多种重要农作物根围定殖,对20多种病原真菌或其它卵菌具有拮抗或寄生作用,并能诱导植物产生防卫反应.寡雄腐霉产生的拟激发素寡雄蛋白诱导番茄系统获得抗性,抵抗寄生疫霉Phytophthora parasitica和尖孢镰刀菌羽扇豆-番茄枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.radicis-lycopersici侵入,显著降低病害的发生率.作者对寡雄腐霉的分离与鉴定、寄主种类、寄生作用、抗生作用和拟激发素寡雄蛋白诱导番茄系统获得抗性等方面的研究进行了综述. 相似文献
6.
为初步解析荧光假单胞2P24对瓜类细果斑病的防控机制,测试其次生代谢物2,4-DAPG、MPC对西瓜嗜酸菌Acidovorax citrulli生长的影响,并比较分析2P24及其突变株△phlD（丧失2,4-DAPG合成能力）及△gacS（丧失2,4-DAPG、HCN、蛋白酶合成能力）的病害防控效果和对甜瓜生理生化指标的影响。结果表明,2,4-DAPG及MPC对病原菌的生长、游动性及生物膜的形成均具有抑制作用;与2P24相比,△phlD对病原菌的生长抑制降低,△gacS丧失生长抑制作用。△phlD及△gacS病害相对防治率分别下降了44.3%和77.1%。2P24对于西瓜、甜瓜幼苗有明显的促生作用,可显著提高幼苗株高和鲜重,同时发现2P24可在病原菌接种后诱导甜瓜抗性相关酶SOD、CAT、POD活性提升及3个相关抗性基因MELO3C023441、MELO3C022146及MELO3C004303的表达。本研究结果为瓜类果斑病的生物防治研究提供了参考和理论依据。 相似文献
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8.
水稻苗期的生长状况，直接影响到水稻后期的产量。我省每年因水稻苗期发生病害，造成不同程度的水稻产量损失。我省春季常出现倒春寒或春温回升慢现象，对早稻秧苗造成极大危害，秧苗受冷害后，抵抗力下降，易遭受病原菌的侵染，导致秧苗生长不良甚至死亡。根据早稻苗期病害的病原性质，可分为生理性和侵染性苗期病害。生理性苗期病害主要有：水稻烂种、烂秧和苗期冷害等；侵染性病害主要有：水稻立枯病、绵腐病、稻瘟病、细菌性褐条病、胡麻斑病和水稻恶苗病等。现将它们的症状、发生特点和防治方法进行简单介绍： 1 水稻烂秧 1.1 水稻生… 相似文献
9.
板栗（CastaneamollissimaBI．）是我国重要的干果之一，栗实病害种类较多，发生规律不同。自１９９８年来，作者在对山东省板栗病害种类进行系统研究基础上，认为板栗炭疽犤Colletotrichumgloeosporioides（Penz．）Sacc．犦病是栗实中的最严重种类，病原菌在田间侵染叶片和果实，并发病，于贮藏期在栗实上严重发生。对较多种类的栗实病害，其防治应分为两种情况，采用不同对策。生长至贮藏期病害的防治，如板栗炭疽病，应重点抓防治病害在生长期的侵染和发展；贮藏期病害的防治主要在贮藏前预防，贮藏期加强贮藏环境管理。目前尚未见有… 相似文献
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Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
12.
Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
13.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
14.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad 相似文献
15.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
16.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
17.
Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina. 相似文献
18.
Plant–herbivore asynchrony necessitates augmentative releases of the exotic beetle,Zygogramma bicolorata,to enhance the biological control of P
arthenium hysterophorus
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下载免费PDF全文 Systematic information on the quantitative impact of Z ygogramma bicolorata on the biology of P arthenium hysterophorus is crucial as the seeds of this weed continue to germinate from the accumulated soil seed bank throughout the year in the form of different germinating flushes, while the activity of the beetle ceases during winter as it enters diapause. Therefore, plant–herbivore interactions need to be explored to develop predictions of the overall impact of the introduced beetle on the weed. The findings revealed that defoliation by Z . bicolorata had a significant impact on the plant height, density and flower production in flushes F 3, F 4 and F 5, but not in F 1 and F 2 that exhibited longer periodicity, profuse branching, a longer flowering period and maximum flower production and contributed mostly to the existing seed soil bank. Therefore, total depletion of the existing soil seed bank was not possible. Consequently, the effect of augmentative field releases of laboratory‐reared beetles was explored on F 1 and F 2 in February for three consecutive years (2011–2013). Before initiating the trial, random soil samples were taken from the plots that were assigned to the paired treatments (i.e. with the beetle and without the beetle [insecticide‐treated]) and it was found that the seed bank in those samples did not differ. The single release of Z . bicolorata adults at five per plant at the six‐leaf stage significantly reduced the soil seed bank, compared to without the biocontrol agent, irrespective of the flushes at the end of the season. 相似文献
19.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献