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1.
A. Kummeling D.J.E. Vrakking J. Rothuizen K.M. Gerritsen F.J. van Sluijs 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2010,24(1):114-119
Background: In dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS), the ability of the hypoplastic liver to grow is considered important for recovery after surgical shunt attenuation.
Objectives: This study investigated hepatic growth after extrahepatic shunt attenuation in dogs using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT).
Animals: Ten client-owned dogs with single extrahepatic CPSS.
Methods: Abdominal MRI, CT, or both were performed before and 8 days, 1, and 2 months after shunt attenuation. Liver volumes were calculated from the areas of the MRI or CT images.
Results: Before surgery, median liver volume was 18.2 cm3 /kg body weight. Liver volume increased significantly after surgery. Growth was highest between days 0 and 8 and decreased afterward. Median liver volume was 28.8 cm3 /kg at 2 months after attenuation. No significant differences in growth were found between dogs with complete or partial shunt closure or between dogs with complete or incomplete metabolic recovery. Volumes measured from consecutively performed MRI and CT images correlated well ( r = 0.980), but volumes from MRI images were significantly larger than volumes from CT images (6.8%; P = .008).
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: After shunt attenuation, rapid normalization of liver size was observed. Hepatic growth was not decreased in dogs after partial closure of CPSS or in dogs with subclinical, persistent shunting 2 months after surgery. CT is the preferred imaging method for volumetric estimation because of speed. 相似文献
Objectives: This study investigated hepatic growth after extrahepatic shunt attenuation in dogs using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT).
Animals: Ten client-owned dogs with single extrahepatic CPSS.
Methods: Abdominal MRI, CT, or both were performed before and 8 days, 1, and 2 months after shunt attenuation. Liver volumes were calculated from the areas of the MRI or CT images.
Results: Before surgery, median liver volume was 18.2 cm
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: After shunt attenuation, rapid normalization of liver size was observed. Hepatic growth was not decreased in dogs after partial closure of CPSS or in dogs with subclinical, persistent shunting 2 months after surgery. CT is the preferred imaging method for volumetric estimation because of speed. 相似文献
2.
C.A. Palm R.C. Boston K.R. Refsal R.S. Hess 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2009,23(1):50-55
Background: Neutral Protamine Hagedorn human analogue insulin (Humulin N) is commonly used for treatment of canine diabetes mellitus (DM). However, blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations in Humulin N-treated dogs with naturally occurring DM have not been reported.
Objective: To investigate blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations in the clinical setting of client-owned Humulin N-treated dogs with naturally occurring, well-regulated DM.
Animals: Ten client-owned dogs with naturally occurring, well-regulated DM.
Methods: In this clinical study, blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations were measured when dogs received food and insulin (T0 ), at approximately every half hour for the next 2 hours, and then approximately every 2 hours for an additional 8 hours. Insulin duration of action was defined as the number of hours from T0 to the lowest blood glucose concentration and until blood glucose concentration returned to an interpolated value of 70% of basal blood glucose concentration (Glucoseb ).
Results: Mean percent of insulin-induced blood glucose suppression was 49.9 ± 17.1% (median, 46%; range, 29–78%). Insulin duration of action ranged from 4 to 10 hours. Blood glucose concentration increased initially and returned to Glucoseb within 0.6–2.2 hours after T0 in 5 dogs. This initial blood glucose surge then was followed by blood glucose suppression in all 5 dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These results suggest that Humulin N administered SC twice daily is an effective mode of treatment for dogs with naturally occurring DM. Postprandial hyperglycemia is present in some well-regulated diabetic dogs treated with Humulin N. 相似文献
Objective: To investigate blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations in the clinical setting of client-owned Humulin N-treated dogs with naturally occurring, well-regulated DM.
Animals: Ten client-owned dogs with naturally occurring, well-regulated DM.
Methods: In this clinical study, blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations were measured when dogs received food and insulin (T
Results: Mean percent of insulin-induced blood glucose suppression was 49.9 ± 17.1% (median, 46%; range, 29–78%). Insulin duration of action ranged from 4 to 10 hours. Blood glucose concentration increased initially and returned to Glucose
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These results suggest that Humulin N administered SC twice daily is an effective mode of treatment for dogs with naturally occurring DM. Postprandial hyperglycemia is present in some well-regulated diabetic dogs treated with Humulin N. 相似文献
3.
In vitro cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression and enzymatic activity in neoplastic cells 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Heller DA Fan TM de Lorimier LP Charney SC Barger AM Tannehill-Gregg SH Rosol TJ Wallig MA 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2007,21(5):1048-1055
4.
Jin Ho CHO Ying Jie CHEN Byung Joon MIN Jong Sang YOO Yuan WANG In Ho KIM 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(4):453-459
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of reducing dietary crude protein on growth performance, odor gas emission from manure and blood urea nitrogen and IGF-1 concentrations of serum in nursery pigs. In experiment 1, the dietary treatments were (i) CON (CP 19.5%) and (ii) T1 (CP 16.0%). In feces samples, NH3 , H2 S, acetic acid and butyric acid emissions during the T1 treatment were lower than during the CON treatment ( P < 0.05). In feces-urine samples, NH3 emission during the T1 treatment was lower than during the CON treatment ( P < 0.05). In experiment 2, 28 crossbred (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) pigs (13.58 ± 0.10 kg) were used for a 42-day growth trial. Throughout the entire experimental period, ADG and ADFI of the CON treatment were higher than the T1 treatment ( P < 0.05). On day 14, N digestibility in pigs fed the CON diet was higher than that of pigs fed the T1 diet ( P < 0.05). On days 28 and 42, DM digestibility of the CON diet was greater than the T1 treatment ( P < 0.05). On dat 42, serum BUN concentration of pigs fed the CON diet was higher than that of pigs fed the T1 diet ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, these results indicate that reduction in dietary CP concentration decreased NH3 , H2 S and VFA emissions in feces and growth performance in nursery pigs. 相似文献
5.
LILLIAN R. ARONSON VMD REYNALDO C. GACAD MD KRISTINE KAMINSKY-RUSS MS CLARE R. GREGORY DVM Dipiomate ACVS KEVIN D. MULLEN MB FRCPI 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1997,26(3):189-194
Objective- The purpose of this study was to determine whether an endogenous benzodiazepine receptor ligand (EBZ) was present in the arterial and portal blood of dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS).
Study Design- The presence or absence of an EBZ was determined by the collection of systemic and portal blood from dogs with CPSS.
Animals- Fifteen client-owned dogs with a confirmed CPSS. All dogs had historical signs compatible with hepatic encephalopathy. Eight healthy dogs were used as controls.
Methods- In all dogs, systemic blood samples were collected after they were anesthetized. Portal blood samples were collected intraoperatively. EBZ was measured by radioreceptor assay.
Results- In 10 of 15 dogs, the portal blood concentration of EBZ was significantly elevated compared with normal dogs (mean, 13.2 ±18.55 ng/mL). Five dogs had elevated systemic blood EBZ levels (mean, 8.2 ±16.08 ng/mL). Eleven of 15 dogs had a higher portal than systemic blood concentration of EBZ. In contrast, control dogs had extremely low EBZ concentrations detected in their portal blood (mean, 0.16 ±0.3 ng/mL) and systemic blood (0 ng/mL). The mean portal and systemic blood concentrations in dogs with CPSS were significantly greater than in control dogs ( P <.05).
Conclusions- Elevated blood levels of EBZ were found in dogs with CPSS. The portosystemic gradient noted in 11 dogs suggests the gastrointestinal tract as a possible source for the endogenous ligand.
Clinical Relevance- Generalized motor seizures have been reported in dogs after surgical correction of CPSS. If the presence of a CPSS results in stimulation of brain receptors for benzodiazepines, post-CPSS ligation seizures may result from a withdrawal of EBZ after ligation of the portosystemic shunt. 相似文献
Study Design- The presence or absence of an EBZ was determined by the collection of systemic and portal blood from dogs with CPSS.
Animals- Fifteen client-owned dogs with a confirmed CPSS. All dogs had historical signs compatible with hepatic encephalopathy. Eight healthy dogs were used as controls.
Methods- In all dogs, systemic blood samples were collected after they were anesthetized. Portal blood samples were collected intraoperatively. EBZ was measured by radioreceptor assay.
Results- In 10 of 15 dogs, the portal blood concentration of EBZ was significantly elevated compared with normal dogs (mean, 13.2 ±18.55 ng/mL). Five dogs had elevated systemic blood EBZ levels (mean, 8.2 ±16.08 ng/mL). Eleven of 15 dogs had a higher portal than systemic blood concentration of EBZ. In contrast, control dogs had extremely low EBZ concentrations detected in their portal blood (mean, 0.16 ±0.3 ng/mL) and systemic blood (0 ng/mL). The mean portal and systemic blood concentrations in dogs with CPSS were significantly greater than in control dogs ( P <.05).
Conclusions- Elevated blood levels of EBZ were found in dogs with CPSS. The portosystemic gradient noted in 11 dogs suggests the gastrointestinal tract as a possible source for the endogenous ligand.
Clinical Relevance- Generalized motor seizures have been reported in dogs after surgical correction of CPSS. If the presence of a CPSS results in stimulation of brain receptors for benzodiazepines, post-CPSS ligation seizures may result from a withdrawal of EBZ after ligation of the portosystemic shunt. 相似文献
6.
Kumar V Sahu NP Pal AK Kumar S Gupta SK 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(4):492-501
A 60-days experiment was conducted to study the optimum gelatinized (G) to non-gelatinized (NG) starch ratio in the diet of Labeo rohita juveniles with respect to digestive and metabolic response and on growth. Two-hundred and thirty-four juveniles (avg. wt 2.53 ± 0.04 g) were randomly distributed in six treatment groups with each of three replicates. Six semipurified diets either containing NG and/or G corn starch viz., T1 (100% NG, 0% G starch), T2 (80% NG, 20% G starch), T3 (60% NG, 40% G starch), T4 (40% NG, 60% G starch), T5 (20% NG, 80% G starch) and T6 (0% NG, 100% G starch) were prepared. The dry matter digestibility and carbohydrate digestibility were highest (p < 0.05) in T6 group and lowest in T3 and T4 groups. The amylase activity in intestine increased as G:NG level increased in the diet. Protease activity in intestine was highest in T6 group and lowest in T1 group. Similar trend was recorded for specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio and apparent net protein utilization. Liver glycogen, hepatosomatic index and blood glucose level increased linearly with the increasing level of G starch in the experimental diet. The results indicate that higher nutrient digestibility and growth was recorded either at low (20% G starch, T2 ) or high (100% G starch, T6 ) G starch fed group. But high G starch fed group (T6 ) exhibits higher liver glycogen and blood glucose level, which may lead to stress due to long-term feeding. Hence, it is suggested that 20% G and 80% NG starch is optimum for better nutrient digestibility and growth in L. rohita juveniles. 相似文献
7.
Evaluation of Functional Outcome After BFX® Total Hip Replacement Using a Pressure Sensitive Walkway
B. DUNCAN X. LASCELLES BSc BVSc PhD DSAS Diplomate ACVS & ECVS MILA FREIRE DVM SIMON C. ROE BVSc PhD Diplomate ACVS VENITA DePUY MStat ERIC SMITH BS DENIS J. MARCELLIN-LITTLE DEDV Diplomate ACVS & ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2010,39(1):71-77
Objective— To evaluate stance phase limb use after cementless (BFX® ) total hip replacement (THR) in dogs and to relate postoperative radiographic variables to static bodyweight distribution after surgery.
Study Design— Prospective clinical study.
Animals— Dogs (n=35) that had THR.
Methods— THR was performed using the BFX® THR technique. Postoperative pain management regimens were similar for all dogs. Standing bodyweight distribution (%BWdistrib ) was measured using a pressure sensitive walkway and radiographs made before surgery and at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Repeated measures models (with backwards-stepping to obtain the final model) were used for statistical analysis.
Results— Temporally, %BWdistrib to the operated limb increased ( P <.0001; normal by 3 months) and decreased to the unoperated limb ( P =.0001) and also increased to the pelvic limbs and decreased to the thoracic limbs. %BWdistrib to the unoperated limb was significantly less than the operated limb at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. Postoperative canal fill and femur flare were significantly negatively correlated with change in %BWdistrib (estimate=−0.24, P =.0413).
Conclusion— BFX® THR results in normal %BWdistrib to the operated limb by 3 months after surgery. A greater fill of the proximal femur may be associated with a suboptimal outcome.
Clinical Relevance— BFX® THR normalizes standing bodyweight distribution dogs with hip osteoarthritis. Objective evaluation of THR outcome and radiographic features may reveal factors that could be improved through changes in prosthesis design or surgical technique. 相似文献
Study Design— Prospective clinical study.
Animals— Dogs (n=35) that had THR.
Methods— THR was performed using the BFX
Results— Temporally, %BW
Conclusion— BFX
Clinical Relevance— BFX
8.
R. Tsuchiya Y. Akutsu A. Ikegami M.A. Scott S. Neo T. Ishikawa M. Hisasue T. Yamada 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2009,23(6):1164-1169
Background: Intravenous administration of human immunoglobulin G (hIVIgG) has been suggested to potentiate thromboembolism in dogs, but supportive scientific reports are lacking.
Objectives: To determine if hIVIgG therapy promotes hypercoagulability and inflammation in dogs.
Animals: Twelve healthy Beagle dogs.
Methods: Prospective, experimental trial. An hIVIgG/saline solution was infused IV at 1 g/kg BW over 8 hours to 6 dogs, and physiological saline was infused to the other 6 dogs. Blood samples were drawn before, during, and after infusion for serial measurement of indicators of coagulation and inflammation. Data were analyzed by 2-way repeated measures analysis of variance.
Results: Dogs administered hIVIgG developed mildly decreased blood platelet concentrations without thrombocytopenia (median, 200 × 103 /μL; range, 150–302 × 103 /μL; P < .01), leukopenia (median, 3.5 × 103 /μL; range, 20–62 × 103 /μL; P < .001), and mildly increased plasma total protein concentrations (median, 6.3 g/dL; range, 5.6–6.7 g/dL; P < .001). Administration of hIVIgG was also associated with increases in fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products in all dogs (either 5 μg/mL or 10 μg/dL), thrombin-antithrombin III complexes (median, 7.2 ng/mL; range, 4.9–14.2 ng/mL; P < .001), and C-reactive protein concentrations (median, 2.5 mg/dL; range, 0.5–4.3 mg/dL; P < .01).
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Administration of hIVIgG to dogs promotes hypercoagulability and an inflammatory state. This should be further evaluated and considered when using hIVIgG in dogs with IMHA or other prothrombotic conditions. 相似文献
Objectives: To determine if hIVIgG therapy promotes hypercoagulability and inflammation in dogs.
Animals: Twelve healthy Beagle dogs.
Methods: Prospective, experimental trial. An hIVIgG/saline solution was infused IV at 1 g/kg BW over 8 hours to 6 dogs, and physiological saline was infused to the other 6 dogs. Blood samples were drawn before, during, and after infusion for serial measurement of indicators of coagulation and inflammation. Data were analyzed by 2-way repeated measures analysis of variance.
Results: Dogs administered hIVIgG developed mildly decreased blood platelet concentrations without thrombocytopenia (median, 200 × 10
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: Administration of hIVIgG to dogs promotes hypercoagulability and an inflammatory state. This should be further evaluated and considered when using hIVIgG in dogs with IMHA or other prothrombotic conditions. 相似文献
9.
S. Galac J.J.C.W.M. Buijtels H.S. Kooistra 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2009,23(6):1214-1219
Background: The adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test is used to evaluate trilostane treatment in dogs with hypercortisolism.
Hypothesis: The urinary corticoid : creatinine ratio (UCCR) is a good alternative to the ACTH stimulation test to determine optimal trilostane dose.
Animals: Eighteen dogs with pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism.
Methods: In this prospective study, the dose of trilostane was judged to be optimal on the basis of resolution of clinical signs of hypercortisolism and results of an ACTH stimulation test. The owners collected urine for determination of UCCR at 2-week intervals for at least 8 weeks after achieving the optimal trilostane dose.
Results: The UCCRs were significantly higher before treatment (11.5–202.0 × 10−6 ; median, 42.0 × 10−6 ) than at rechecks 2 months after optimal dosing, but they did not decrease below the upper limit of the reference range in the majority of dogs. The UCCRs of 11 dogs that initially were dosed insufficiently (range, 7.5–79.0 × 10−6 ; median, 31.0 × 10−6 ) did not differ significantly from UCCRs when the dosage was optimal (8.2–72.0 × 10−6 ; median, 33.0 × 10−6 ). Post-ACTH cortisol concentrations did not correlate significantly with UCCRs at rechecks during trilostane treatment. Long-term follow-up indicated that the decrease in UCCR below the upper limit of the reference was associated with hypocortisolism.
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: The UCCR cannot be used as an alternative to the ACTH stimulation test to determine the optimal dose of trilostane, but might be helpful in detecting dogs at risk for developing hypocortisolism during trilostane treatment. 相似文献
Hypothesis: The urinary corticoid : creatinine ratio (UCCR) is a good alternative to the ACTH stimulation test to determine optimal trilostane dose.
Animals: Eighteen dogs with pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism.
Methods: In this prospective study, the dose of trilostane was judged to be optimal on the basis of resolution of clinical signs of hypercortisolism and results of an ACTH stimulation test. The owners collected urine for determination of UCCR at 2-week intervals for at least 8 weeks after achieving the optimal trilostane dose.
Results: The UCCRs were significantly higher before treatment (11.5–202.0 × 10
Conclusion and Clinical Importance: The UCCR cannot be used as an alternative to the ACTH stimulation test to determine the optimal dose of trilostane, but might be helpful in detecting dogs at risk for developing hypocortisolism during trilostane treatment. 相似文献
10.
Eduardo Raposo Monteiro DVM PhD Adolfo Rodrigues Junior DVM Hemir Martins Quirilos Assis DVM Daniela Campagnol† DVM MSc & Juliany Gomes Quitzan DVM MSc 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(1):25-33
Objective To compare the effects of morphine (MOR), methadone (MET), butorphanol (BUT) and tramadol (TRA), in combination with acepromazine, on sedation, cardiorespiratory variables, body temperature and incidence of emesis in dogs.
Study design Prospective randomized, blinded, experimental trial.
Animals Six adult mixed-breed male dogs weighing 12.0 ± 4.3 kg.
Methods Dogs received intravenous administration (IV) of acepromazine (0.05 mg kg−1 ) and 15 minutes later, one of four opioids was randomly administered IV in a cross-over design, with at least 1-week intervals. Dogs then received MOR 0.5 mg kg−1 ; MET 0.5 mg kg−1 ; BUT 0.15 mg kg−1 ; or TRA 2.0 mg kg−1 . Indirect systolic arterial pressure (SAP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate ( f R ), rectal temperature, pedal withdrawal reflex and sedation were evaluated at regular intervals for 90 minutes.
Results Acepromazine administration decreased SAP, HR and temperature and produced mild sedation. All opioids further decreased temperature and MOR, BUT and TRA were associated with further decreases in HR. Tramadol decreased SAP whereas BUT decreased fR compared with values before opioid administration. Retching was observed in five of six dogs and vomiting occurred in one dog in MOR, but not in any dog in the remaining treatments. Sedation scores were greater in MET followed by MOR and BUT. Tramadol was associated with minor changes in sedation produced by acepromazine alone.
Conclusions and clinical relevance When used with acepromazine, MET appears to provide better sedation than MOR, BUT and TRA. If vomiting is to be avoided, MET, BUT and TRA may be better options than MOR. 相似文献
Study design Prospective randomized, blinded, experimental trial.
Animals Six adult mixed-breed male dogs weighing 12.0 ± 4.3 kg.
Methods Dogs received intravenous administration (IV) of acepromazine (0.05 mg kg
Results Acepromazine administration decreased SAP, HR and temperature and produced mild sedation. All opioids further decreased temperature and MOR, BUT and TRA were associated with further decreases in HR. Tramadol decreased SAP whereas BUT decreased f
Conclusions and clinical relevance When used with acepromazine, MET appears to provide better sedation than MOR, BUT and TRA. If vomiting is to be avoided, MET, BUT and TRA may be better options than MOR. 相似文献
11.
Matthew W. Beal DVM DACVECC Arin M. Doherty BA Keith Curcio DVM DACVS 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2008,18(4):388-392
Objective: To describe the clinical course of a dog presented with peliosis hepatis and hemoperitoneum in concert with anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication.
Case summary: A 7.75-year-old spayed female Shetland Sheepdog presented with clinical signs consistent with hypovolemia, hemoperitoneum, and a history of bright green stool 3 days before the onset of clinical signs. Initial packed cell volume/total solids were consistent with acute hemorrhage. A coagulation profile showed prolongation in activated clotting time and prolongation of both prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time, suggesting abnormal coagulation. Abdominal hemorrhage persisted in the face of normalization of the hemodynamic status and coagulation profile, and treatment with Vitamin K1 . Abdominal ultrasound revealed multiple patchy hypoechoic areas throughout the caudate liver lobe. An exploratory laparotomy was performed 24 hours after presentation and revealed the caudate liver lobe as the source of the hemorrhage. Histopathologic examination of a specimen of the liver was consistent with peliosis hepatis. Toxicologic testing identified diphacinone levels in the blood consistent with anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and within 48 hours the dog was discharged. The dog returned to full function and a hepatic ultrasound performed 15 months postoperatively showed no significant abnormalities.
New or unique information provided: Exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides may be associated with the development of peliosis hepatis in dogs. 相似文献
Case summary: A 7.75-year-old spayed female Shetland Sheepdog presented with clinical signs consistent with hypovolemia, hemoperitoneum, and a history of bright green stool 3 days before the onset of clinical signs. Initial packed cell volume/total solids were consistent with acute hemorrhage. A coagulation profile showed prolongation in activated clotting time and prolongation of both prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time, suggesting abnormal coagulation. Abdominal hemorrhage persisted in the face of normalization of the hemodynamic status and coagulation profile, and treatment with Vitamin K
New or unique information provided: Exposure to anticoagulant rodenticides may be associated with the development of peliosis hepatis in dogs. 相似文献
12.
MARTIN HOFSTETTER DVM PHILIPPE GÉDET Diplom-HTL-Ingenieur MARCUS DOHERR Diplomate ECVPH STEPHEN J. FERGUSON PhD FRANCK FORTERRE Diplomate ECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2009,38(1):49-58
Objective— To study the kinematics of cervical spine segment C4 –C5 and its association with disc dimensions and the coupled motion (CM) in relation to primary motion (PM).
Study Design— Cadaveric biomechanical study.
Animals— Cadavers of large breed dogs (>20 kg; n=11).
Methods— Spines were freed from muscles. Radiographs were taken orthogonal to the C4 –C5 disc space and disc thickness, endplate width, and height were measured. Spines were mounted on a simulator for 3-dimensional motion analysis. Data were recorded with an optoelectronic motion analysis system. Range of motion (ROM) and neutral zone (NZ) were determined in the direction of flexion/extension, left/right lateral bending, and left/right axial rotation, as well as the ROM of CM.
Results— ROM in flexion and extension was similar; there was no CM in flexion/extension. Left/right axial rotation and left/right lateral bending were coupled to the same side. CM was 1.72 and 3.56 times the ROM of the PM in lateral bending and axial rotation, respectively. Disc dimensions were positively correlated with body weight. Flexion/extension magnitude was significantly reduced for larger endplates, but axial rotation was not influenced. Lateral bending had no correlation with weight or disc dimensions.
Conclusion— Left/right lateral bending and left/right axial rotation are coupled differently in the C4 –C5 segment in dogs compared with humans.
Clinical Relevance— The canine C4 –C5 spinal segment has unique motion coupling patterns that should be considered for dynamic implant designs. 相似文献
Study Design— Cadaveric biomechanical study.
Animals— Cadavers of large breed dogs (>20 kg; n=11).
Methods— Spines were freed from muscles. Radiographs were taken orthogonal to the C
Results— ROM in flexion and extension was similar; there was no CM in flexion/extension. Left/right axial rotation and left/right lateral bending were coupled to the same side. CM was 1.72 and 3.56 times the ROM of the PM in lateral bending and axial rotation, respectively. Disc dimensions were positively correlated with body weight. Flexion/extension magnitude was significantly reduced for larger endplates, but axial rotation was not influenced. Lateral bending had no correlation with weight or disc dimensions.
Conclusion— Left/right lateral bending and left/right axial rotation are coupled differently in the C
Clinical Relevance— The canine C
13.
Yuan WANG Ying-Jie CHEN Jin-Ho CHO Jong-Sang YOO Yan HUANG Hyo-Jin KIM Seung-Oh SHIN Tian-Xiang ZHOU In-Ho KIM 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(3):316-321
Ninety six pigs were assigned on the basis of body weight (BW) to one of four dietary treatments (4 pigs per pen and 6 pens per treatment) and fed for 4 weeks. Four 14.85% CP diets were formulated to contain graded levels of soybean hulls at 0, 5, 10, or 15%, respectively. The results showed that treatments did not affect growth performance. Coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) for dry matter (DM) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentrations were decreased linearly ( P < 0.05) with the addition level of soybean hulls. Slurry ammonia nitrogen (NH3 -N) was not affected with the increased soybean hulls levels, but volatile fatty acids (VFA) were linearly ( P < 0.05) increased. Slurry pH and ammonia (NH3 ) emissions were significantly decreased by the addition of soybean hulls (Linear, P < 0.05). Conversely, slurry hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) emissions exhibited an increase with the addition of soybean hulls (Linear, P < 0.10). Our data indicate that soybean hulls inclusion can decrease slurry pH value and NH3 emission without any negative influence on growth performance. 相似文献
14.
Anke Werner Michael Braun Stephan Reichl† Manfred Kietzmann 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2008,11(5):280-289
Purpose To provide a model to be used for in vitro studies on drug effects in dogs, this study was conducted to establish a protocol for the construction of a three-dimensional corneal construct. Primary canine corneal cells and a rabbit corneal epithelial (RCE) cell line were used in comparison.
Methods The corneal construct was assembled step by step in membrane inserts of a six-well plate over a total of 5 weeks, including culture at the air–liquid interface to allow a differentiation of the epithelial cells. The constructs were studied histologically.
Single cell cultures of canine corneal cells as well as RCE cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Treatment with different concentrations of dexamethasone was used to test its effects on the cellular prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) production. The same experiments were repeated with the corneal constructs and the reactions compared. Expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the constructs was studied using immunohistochemistry.
Results A protocol for the construction of a vital corneal construct was established and the morphological similarity to the canine cornea in vivo shown. The GR protein was detected in all three cell types of the constructs. Stimulation with LPS and SDS led only in the corneal constructs to a significantly increased PGE2 production, which could be reduced by dexamethasone.
Conclusions The corneal construct is an interesting system to test drug effects on corneal cells. It allows studies on a cornea-like system including all three major cell types. 相似文献
Methods The corneal construct was assembled step by step in membrane inserts of a six-well plate over a total of 5 weeks, including culture at the air–liquid interface to allow a differentiation of the epithelial cells. The constructs were studied histologically.
Single cell cultures of canine corneal cells as well as RCE cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Treatment with different concentrations of dexamethasone was used to test its effects on the cellular prostaglandin E
Results A protocol for the construction of a vital corneal construct was established and the morphological similarity to the canine cornea in vivo shown. The GR protein was detected in all three cell types of the constructs. Stimulation with LPS and SDS led only in the corneal constructs to a significantly increased PGE
Conclusions The corneal construct is an interesting system to test drug effects on corneal cells. It allows studies on a cornea-like system including all three major cell types. 相似文献
15.
The question addressed was whether the influence of dietary copper concentration on selenium metabolism depends on the amount of selenium in the diet. Weanling, male rats were fed purified diets containing either 1 (low), 4 (normal) or 42 (high) mg Cu/kg diet and either 0.03 (low), 0.05 (normal) or 1.0 (high) mg Se/kg diet in a 32 factorial design. Extra copper was added to the diets in the form of CuSO4 · 5H2 O and selenium as Na2 SeO3 · 5H2 O. In rats fed either the low or normal amounts of selenium, higher intakes of copper decreased the apparent intestinal selenium absorption and increased urinary selenium excretion. The effects of copper on selenium absorption, excretion and retention were not seen in rats fed the high-selenium diets. An increase in dietary copper concentrations elevated selenium concentrations in the liver and kidneys, but slightly lowered those in the spleen of rats that were fed the diets with the normal level of selenium. In rats that were fed the diets with either low or high selenium concentration, copper intake had no effect on organ selenium concentrations. Glutathione peroxidase activity in erythrocytes was raised by feeding the diets which contained either normal or high copper content instead of those that were low in copper. It is concluded that the amount of selenium in the diet determines whether or not an increase in dietary copper concentration affects selenium metabolism. 相似文献
16.
I. Aroch G. Segev E. Loeb Y. Bruchim 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2009,23(3):544-551
Background: Heatstroke in dogs is often fatal and is associated with a high prevalence of secondary complications. Peripheral nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) occur in dogs with heatstroke, but their association with complications and the outcome is unclear.
Hypothesis: Peripheral NRBC are common in dogs with heatstroke and have prognostic significance.
Animals: Forty client-owned dogs with naturally occurring heatstroke.
Methods: Prospective, observational study. Dogs were followed from presentation to discharge or death. Serum biochemistry and coagulation tests were performed at presentation. CBC and evaluation of peripheral blood smears were performed at presentation and every 12 hours. The relative and the absolute NRBC numbers were calculated.
Results: Presence of NRBC was observed in 36/40 (90%) of the dogs at presentation. Median relative and absolute NRBC were 24 cells/100 leukocytes (range 0–124) and 1.48 × 103 /μL (range 0.0–19.6 × 103 /μL), respectively. Both were significantly higher in nonsurvivors (22) versus survivors (18) and in dogs with secondary renal failure and DIC versus those without these complications. Receiver operator curve analysis of relative NRBC at presentation as a predictor of death had an area under curve of 0.92. A cut-off point of 18 NRBC/100 leukocytes corresponded to a sensitivity and specificity of 91 and 88% for death.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Relative and absolute numbers of peripheral NRBC are clinically useful, correlate with the secondary complications, and are sensitive and specific markers of death in dogs with heatstroke, although they should never be used as a sole prognostic indicator nor should they replace clinical assessment. 相似文献
Hypothesis: Peripheral NRBC are common in dogs with heatstroke and have prognostic significance.
Animals: Forty client-owned dogs with naturally occurring heatstroke.
Methods: Prospective, observational study. Dogs were followed from presentation to discharge or death. Serum biochemistry and coagulation tests were performed at presentation. CBC and evaluation of peripheral blood smears were performed at presentation and every 12 hours. The relative and the absolute NRBC numbers were calculated.
Results: Presence of NRBC was observed in 36/40 (90%) of the dogs at presentation. Median relative and absolute NRBC were 24 cells/100 leukocytes (range 0–124) and 1.48 × 10
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Relative and absolute numbers of peripheral NRBC are clinically useful, correlate with the secondary complications, and are sensitive and specific markers of death in dogs with heatstroke, although they should never be used as a sole prognostic indicator nor should they replace clinical assessment. 相似文献
17.
S. BRÁS N. BRESSAN L. RIBEIRO D. A. FERREIRA L. ANTUNES & C. S. NUNES 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2009,32(2):182-188
Target-controlled infusion (TCI) anesthesia using target effect-site concentration rather than plasma concentration provides less drug consumption, safer anesthesia, less undesired side effects and improved animal welfare. The aim of this study was to calculate the constant that converts propofol plasma into effect-site concentration ( k e0 ) in dogs, and to implement it in a TCI system and compare it with the effect on the central nervous system (CNS). All dogs were subjected to general anesthesia using propofol. Fourteen dogs were used as the pilot group to calculate k e0 , using the t peak method. Fourteen dogs were used as the test group to test and validate the model. R ugloop ii ® software was used to drive the propofol syringe pump and to collect data from S/5 Datex monitor and cerebral state monitor. The calculated k e0 was incorporated in an existing pharmacokinetic model (Beths Model). The relationship between propofol effect site concentrations and anesthetic planes, and propofol plasma and effect-site concentrations was compared using Pearson's correlation analysis. Average t peak was 3.1 min resulting in a k e0 of 0.7230 min−1 . The test group showed a positive correlation between anesthetic planes and propofol effect-site concentration ( R = 0.69; P < 0.0001). This study proposes a k e0 for propofol with results that demonstrated a good adequacy for the pharmacokinetic model and the measured effect. The use of this k e0 will allow an easier propofol titration according to the anesthetic depth, which may lead to a reduction in propofol consumption and less undesired side effects usually associated to high propofol concentrations in dogs. 相似文献
18.
Changes in Cardiopulmonary Variables and Platelet Count During Anesthesia for Total Hip Replacement in Dogs 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Changes in cardiopulmonary function and platelet count were determined in 22 dogs of various breeds that underwent total hip replacement with cemented femoral prostheses. In 11 dogs (group I) polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was inserted without venting the reamed and lavaged femoral canal. In a second group of 11 dogs (group II) a urethral catheter (ID: approximately 2.7 mm) was placed into the medullary cavity before the insertion of PMMA. The application of PMMA resulted in a decrease in end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (PETco2 ) until 5 minutes after insertion of bone cement. Increases in arterial to end-tidal pCO2 gradient [P(a-ET)co2 ] and physiological dead space (VD /VT ) were recorded between 2 minutes before and 5 minutes after insertion of PMMA in 12 dogs. A significant decrease in platelet count occurred in both groups of dogs. Decreases in arterial pO2 (Pao2 ), arterial/alveolar oxygen tension ratio (Pao2 /PAo2 ), and percent O2 saturation of hemoglobin in arterial blood (Sao2 ) were not statistically significant. No significant differences could be detected between data obtained from both groups of dogs. An increase in femoral intramedullary pressure caused by the insertion of PMMA and subsequent pulmonary microembolism by medullary contents has been considered the most likely cause for changes in pulmonary function. The lack of statistically significant differences in cardiopulmonary variables and platelet count between the two groups of dogs could have been related to inefficient pressure reduction by the method used. 相似文献
19.
J. Turrel B. Burke S. Ullman M. McEntee R. Page 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2005,3(1):52-53
Introduction: Greater than 50% of dogs with thyroid tumors present with surgically unresectable disease for which external beam radiotherapy has been reported to prolong survival. The success of 131 I for control of thyroid tumors in cats and in humans suggests such therapy may also play a role in the management of canine thyroid cancer.
Methods: Thirty‐nine dogs with WHO stage II/III (invasive or ectopic; n = 32) or IV (metastatic; n = 7) thyroid tumors were treated with131 I alone. Changes in thyroid function, 99M Tc‐pertechnetate (99M Tc) scintigraphic changes, and tumor response were recorded. Dogs with ventral cervical tumors were evaluated for feasibility of surgical resection following 131 I.
Results: Median overall survival was 839 days and 366 days for dogs with stage II/III and stage IV tumors, respectively. Thyroid hormone status, site and surgical resection were not associated with outcome in dogs with stage II/III tumors. Three dogs developed severe bone marrow suppression.
Conclusions: These findings suggest131 I should be investigated more thoroughly in dogs with thyroid tumors not considered surgical candidates to more clearly characterize the indications for therapy and followup recommendations. 131 I dosimetry in dogs with thyroid tumors remains problematic. Administration of 131 I is currently based on empiric recommendations and, in general, the treatment is well tolerated although additional studies are indicated to optimize response and minimize toxicity. 相似文献
Methods: Thirty‐nine dogs with WHO stage II/III (invasive or ectopic; n = 32) or IV (metastatic; n = 7) thyroid tumors were treated with
Results: Median overall survival was 839 days and 366 days for dogs with stage II/III and stage IV tumors, respectively. Thyroid hormone status, site and surgical resection were not associated with outcome in dogs with stage II/III tumors. Three dogs developed severe bone marrow suppression.
Conclusions: These findings suggest
20.
Thyroid Hormone Concentrations in Dogs With Chronic Weight Loss, With Special Reference to Cancer Cachexia 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
David M. Vail DVM MS David L. Panciera Gregory K. Ogilvie 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1994,8(2):122-127
Serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4 ), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3 ), free thyroxine (fT4 ), and free 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (fT3 ) were compared between tumor-bearing dogs (with and without chronic weight loss) and non—tumor-bearing dogs (with and without chronic weight loss) (n = 83). Serum T4 , T3 , and fT3 concentrations were lower ( P < .05) in dogs with weight loss, whether or not they were tumor-bearing, than in dogs without weight loss. Serum fT4 concentrations did not vary among the groups. Serum albumin concentrations were lower ( P < .05) in cachectic dogs than in dogs not experiencing weight loss, regardless of their tumor-bearing status. Percentage of weight loss was found to be associated ( P < .05) with T4 , T3 , and fT3 concentrations. It appears that the low thyroid hormone concentrations are related to either an abnormal nutritional state or to the severity of illness, rather than to a tumor-related phenomenon. 相似文献