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1.
大豆胞囊线虫抗性基因的SSR标记研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
大豆胞囊线虫病是世界大豆产区危害最重的病害之一.本文以高抗大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种的黑豆品种小粒黑豆为父本,以高感大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种的品种辽豆10号为母本配制杂交组合.利用分离群体分组分析法(BSA)对辽豆10号×小粒黑豆杂交组合的F2代大豆材料的基因组DNA进行了SSR分析,供试的204对SSR引物有15对具有多态性,从中筛选到一个与大豆胞囊线虫抗性基因相关的分子标记Satt187,其片段大小为172 bp和176 bp,为共显性标记,在F2代分离群体中的分离比为1∶2∶1,呈孟德尔式遗传.应用该标记对辽豆10×小粒黑豆F2代分离群体进行分子标记鉴定和辅助选择,在抗病单株中均检测到标记带Satt187-176 bp的存在,而在感病单株中检测到有Satt187-176 bp和Satt187-172 bp两种标记带或仅有Satt187-172 bp的标记带存在,分析表明该标记具有抗胞囊线虫分子标记辅助选择应用的前景. 相似文献
2.
与耐大豆疫霉根腐病相关的QTL分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
疫霉根腐病是世界范围内的大豆生产上的毁灭性病害。利用470对SSR引物对由耐病品种Conrad×合丰25获得的140个F2：5,重组自交系（RIL）群体的耐大豆疫霉根腐病基因进行QTL分析,为将耐病基因聚合的分子辅助育种提供理论依据。田间耐病性鉴定于2007年在中国黑龙江省佳木斯和加拿大Woodslee两点进行,并分别采用来自两地的混合菌种进行温室鉴定。经过WinQTL 2．0复合区间法计算,共有4个分子标记（Satt428、Satt600、Satt325和Satt233）与大豆疫霉根腐病显著相关。这些分子标记对病害损失率贡献率从5．47％到27．89％不等。Satt428和Satt600定位在MLG D1b＋W上,遗传距离相距10．9cM;Satt325和Satt233分别定位在MLGF和MLG A2上。通过大环境试验在我国大豆品种合丰25找到与耐大豆疫霉根腐病显著相关的QTL,并定位在MLG A2上。 相似文献
3.
大豆油脂组分决定着大豆品质和加工特性,其中亚麻酸含量关系到大豆油加工的成本和大豆油的品质特性.以哈89016和黑河18作为杂交亲本创造遗传群体,利用BSA方法,找到与亚麻酸含量相关的标记Satt286,根据Satt286在大豆杂交后代群体中的池子个体带型和表型性状,计算得到控制亚麻酸位点的引物Satt286与控制低亚麻酸的基因连锁.分析结果表明,控制亚麻酸的住点和引物距离9.5cM;t-测验分析Satt286引物标记分组的高、低亚麻酸个体的实际亚麻酸含量,得到的平均值分别为3.91%和6.36%,二者差异达到极显著水平,说明Satt286引物作为筛选低亚麻酸品种的标记是有效的.在哈89016和黑河18后代(F4)群体中挑选出亚麻酸含量最低个体13个和最高个体9个,这些个体的带型和表型性状对亚麻酸含量控制基因符合率为82%,这表明引物Satt286与控制亚麻酸的基因是真实连锁的,可以作为群体后代的筛选标记.利用实时定量荧光PCR技术分析了大豆哈-89016和黑河18品种亚麻酸相关基因Fad3c的基因表达量,结果表明,在发育的籽粒中,低亚麻酸品种哈-89016的Fad3c的基因转录量明显低于黑河18,证实了大豆亚麻酸Fad3c基因的表达量与品种亚麻酸含量的高低有关. 相似文献
4.
盐渍化是危害大豆生产的主要非生物胁迫因素之一。目前大豆耐盐性研究主要集中在栽培大豆的苗期耐盐性,而芽期耐盐性状的研究相对较少。野生大豆蕴含丰富的耐逆基因,是栽培大豆遗传改良的重要资源。为了研究野生大豆芽期耐盐性状的遗传机制,以113份野生大豆为试验材料,进行芽期耐盐性状的鉴定,结合群体的分子标记对包括2年平均值在内的3个环境下的3个耐盐指数进行全基因组关联分析,共检测到与野生大豆芽期耐盐相关的位点26个,6个SSR标记Satt521、Satt022、Satt239、Satt516、Satt251和Satt285在2个或3个环境下均被检测到,4个SSR标记Satt516、Satt251、Satt285和GMES4990与2个或3个耐盐指数显著相关。对这些SSR标记进行分析,挖掘了最优的等位基因及其载体材料。以上这些结果对于阐明野生大豆芽期耐盐性状的遗传机制,进一步发掘新的耐盐基因具有重要意义。同时也为栽培大豆遗传基础的拓宽、大豆耐盐分子标记辅助选择和分子设计育种等后续研究提供重要依据。 相似文献
5.
对大豆花叶病毒病N1株系不同抗性材料东农93046(抗)与品1246(感)所衍生的F8∶9代群体进行成株抗性鉴定,同时利用分子标记对其抗性基因进行确认并获得用于分子辅助选择的分子标记。结果表明:F8∶9代抗病家系数与感病家系数基本符合1∶1的比例,说明东农93-046对N1株系的成株抗性表现为质量性状,其抗性受一对等位基因控制。同时,根据前人研究结果利用76个SSR分子标记对父母本进行筛选,构建了一个包括13个SSR分子标记的F连锁群的遗传连锁图谱,并且单标记分析法和复合区间分析法的结果均表明东农93-046抗性基因位点位于SSR分子标记Satt114附近,对后代群体中抗病和感病株系各60份进行分子标记准确性评价,结果表明Satt114选择准确率可达80.00%,这为分子标记辅助选择奠定了良好的基础。 相似文献
6.
大豆SMV 3号株系抗病基因的SSR标记 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9
运用简单序列重复技术(SSR技术),采用改良的分离群体组群分析法(BSA法),对大豆品系中选95-5117(R)×HB1(S)的F5代重组自交系群体接种SMV 3号株系鉴定抗性,并进行抗病基因的分子定位.结果表明:中选95-5117对SMV 3号株系的抗性受一对基因控制.用Mapmaker/Exp3.0b进行连锁分析,该基因位于大豆染色体组的F连锁群上,并获得了与SMV3号株系抗病基因连锁的2个SSR标记Satt114和Satt362,遗传距离分别为2.3cM和8.6cM.标记与抗病基因间的排列顺序和距离为:Satt114-2.3 cM-RSMV3-8.6 cM-Satt362. 相似文献
7.
大豆M型细胞质雄性不育恢复基因标记定位 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
鉴于与恢复基因紧密连锁的分子标记在分子辅助选择育种中的应用前景,采用SSR标记法定位大豆CMS恢复系WR016的恢复基因.根据(W931A×WR016)F1、F2的植株育性,分析表明大豆M型不育系统为单基因配子体不育.由于大豆M-CMS恢复系WR016的恢复基因定位在A1连锁群上,利用A1连锁群上的大豆SSR引物对不育系W931A和恢复系WR016构建的F,分离群体进行分析,获得了与恢复基因连锁的三个标记Satt684、Satt276和Sat545,遗传距离分别为29.5cM、10.7 cM和14.1 cM.虽然10.7 cM还是一个较远的距离,但为进一步精确定位恢复基因,并最终克隆恢复基因打下了基础. 相似文献
8.
大豆胞囊线虫病3号生理小种抗性QTL定位的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用感大豆胞囊线虫病品种合丰25与抗病品种抗线2号杂交获210个F2代群体,利用150对SSR引物,并采用Windows QTL Cartographer V2.1复合区间法对抗大豆胞囊线虫病的基因进行定位。结果表明:其中有多态性SSR标记为67个,占44.67%;以LOD值大于2.0作为QTL存在的阈值,检测到2个抗大豆胞囊线虫3号生理小种基因相关的QTL:Qscn-1(Satt163~Satt309),Qscn-2(Sat440~Satt148),分别定位在MLG G和MLG I上,且遗传贡献率分别为10.1%和7.6%,与SSR标记Satt309和Satt148的遗传距离分别为7.2 cM和5.6 cM。 相似文献
9.
大豆细胞质雄性不育恢复基因的SSR标记 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
大豆细胞质雄性不育系的获得,为大豆杂种优势利用奠定了基础.在确认RN型大豆细胞质雄性不育系属单基因配子体不育,恢复性是由显性单基因控制的遗传模式的基础上,开展恢复基因的分子标记研究,旨在找到与恢复基因紧密连锁的分子标记,为进一步克隆恢复基因及恢复系的分子标记辅助育种奠定基础.研究选用412对SSR引物,利用RN型不育系YA与恢复系167杂交的F2分离群体,获得了与恢复基因连锁的两个标记Satt414和Satt596,遗传距离分别为16.4和14.6 cM.为了找到更近的分子标记,分析了Satt414和Satt596附近的所有SSR引物,并利用两个遗传差异较大的亲本重新构建了分离群体,从而获得了与恢复基因连锁比较紧密的标记Satt547,遗传距离为7.56 cM.根据Cregan等构建的大豆分子遗传连锁图,将恢复基因定位于J连锁群上. 相似文献
10.
大豆灰斑病1号生理小种抗性基因的SSR标记分析 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
针对中国大豆灰斑病1号生理小种,以抗所有生理小种的品系东农40566为母本,以感1号生理小种的品种东农410为父本配制杂交组合,杂交得到F2代后连续自交3代得到F5代群体.该群体经人工接种灰斑病1号生理小种后,利用BSA法对500个SSR标记进行筛选,其中3个标记Satt565、SOYGPATR和Satt396在抗、感池间表现出稳定的多态性,并且在F2代个体中表现出抗性与多态性协同分离的趋势.这3个标记与抗性基因的连锁顺序为Satt565-SOYGPATR-Hrcs1-Satt396,它们与抗性基因的连锁距离分别为12.7cM、6.5cM、14.7cM.推测抗大豆灰斑病1号生理小种的基因可能位于C1连锁群上. 相似文献
11.
12.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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15.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
18.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
19.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献