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1.
Genetic diversity among some important Syrian wheat cultivars was estimated using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Five Triticum aestivum L. and 10 Triticum turgidum ssp. durum were analyzed with 11 EcoRI–MseI primer pair combinations. Of the approximately 525 detected AFLP markers, only 46.67% were polymorphic. Cluster analysis with the entire AFLP data divided all cultivars into two major groups reflecting their origins. The first one contained T. aestivum L. cultivars, and the T. turgidum ssp. durum cultivars and landraces were grouped in the second. Narrow genetic diversity among all cultivars was detected with an average genetic similarity of 0.884. The lowest similarity index (0.9) was found between Cham5 and Hamary (durum wheat), whereas this value was 0.93 between Salamony and Bouhouth 4 (T. aestivum L.). The narrow genetic diversity level indicates that these genotypes could be originated from the same source. AFLP analysis provides crucial information for studying genetic variation among wheat cultivars and provides important information for plant improvement.  相似文献   

2.
Erianthus arundinaceus, a wild relative of sugarcane has a number of traits including tolerance to environmental stresses desired by sugarcane breeders. The value of genetic diversity studies in providing useful information for introgression breeding and germplasm conservation is well known. A previous study reported little genetic diversity in a number of Indonesian E. arundinaceus while Indian E . arundinaceus was more diverse. A small number of Chinese E. arundinaceus was observed as being relatively diverse. However, an assessment of the genetic diversity of E. arundinaceus from the major geographical areas in the world has not been reported before. In this study, 207 E. arundinaceus accessions from China, Indonesia, India, New Guinea, Philippines and Vietnam were sampled for genetic diversity analysis using AFLP markers. Three AFLP primer combinations generated 286 markers in total, with the percentage of polymorphism observed being 99.3%. A dendrogram and PCA diagram were constructed based on the matrix of similarity analyzed with UPGMA method by NTSYS software. The results showed that: (1) a high level of diversity found within the Chinese collection compared with the Indonesian collection and (2) there was a general division amongst clones from China based on those collected from eastern versus western parts of the country, and clones from Yunnan province (western China) were the most diverse.  相似文献   

3.
[目的]探究不同林龄沙棘对其下土壤的改良效果,为砒砂岩区人工沙棘林生态建设、恢复和重建提供理论依据。[方法]以内蒙古达拉特旗典型砒砂岩区不同林龄沙棘林为研究对象,利用灰色度关联分析法,对沟坡阳坡1～7 a沙棘林0—40 cm土层土壤物理性质(土壤含水量、土壤容重、土壤总孔隙度、土壤比重、土壤毛管孔隙度、土壤非毛管孔隙度、土壤饱和持水量、土壤最大毛管持水量)进行测定,并以周边荒坡作为对照(CK),对不同林龄沙棘林对砒砂岩土壤的改土效应进行分析。[结果]土壤含水量、土壤总孔隙度随沙棘林龄增加而增大,随土壤深度增加而减少,土壤容重与之相反;不同林龄沙棘能增强土壤持水能力,并且4～7 a沙棘持水能力大于1～3 a沙棘持水能力。[结论]在砒砂岩区营建人工沙棘林有利于土壤改良,不同林龄沙棘对土壤改良作用主要作用于0—10 cm和10—20 cm土层。  相似文献   

4.
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to characterize the genetic diversity within and among natural populations and cultivars of Hedysarum coronarium. Twelve populations within Tunisia were evaluated with three AFLP primer combinations. A total of 207 reproducible bands was detected of which 178 (86%) were polymorphic. The great discriminative power of AFLP markers and their ability to represent genetic relationships among Hedysarum plants was demonstrated. Genetic diversity within and among populations was assessed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis by using the Neighbor-joining clustering algorithm. AFLP technology has provided evidence of a high degree of intra- and inter-population genetic diversity in H. coronarium. AFLP banding patterns provided molecular markers correlated with the plants’ geotropism. In addition, AFLP markers can differentiate wild accessions from cultivars. Moreover, geographical origins did not correspond to population clustering.  相似文献   

5.
Abstract

To study the variation of vitamin C concentration between and within populations and genotypes, 701 berry samples from 71 bushes representing 10 Finnish populations of Hippophae rhamnoides were analysed. The vitamin C concentration varied from 28 to 201 mg/100 g of berries among bushes, from 60 to 122 mg among the populations. Significant differences were found between genotypes and populations, indicating that vitamin C concentration is under genetic control. Though it was significant, the correlation between vitamin C concentration and berry size was very weak (r = -0.316). The results indicated that it should be possible to improve the two characters by simultaneous selection.  相似文献   

6.
西部黄土丘陵区降雨特征及其对坡地土壤侵蚀的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
以甘肃省定西市安家沟流域的大型径流观测场为依托,以2009—2011年天然降雨在不同土地利用条件下产流产沙特征数据为依据,研究了黄土高原西部黄土丘陵区降雨特征及其对坡地土壤侵蚀的影响。结果表明,在次降雨条件下不同处理径流过程分别经历了产流、峰值、稳定、消减4个表征时刻,土壤侵蚀过程分别经历了发生、峰值、消减3个表征时刻。次降雨条件下,不同处理其径流总量、侵蚀总量排序均为:15°春小麦10°春小麦10°油松林15°荒地15°沙棘林10°荒地15°油松林10°沙棘林。通过层次聚类分析得出,在10°,15°的坡度下,灌木林沙棘、乔木林油松分别具有明显的水土保持效应。所以结合试验地的气候和环境特点,10°坡面适宜种植沙棘林,15°坡面适宜退耕还林。  相似文献   

7.
A total of 561 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci were generated and used to study the genetic diversity of wild and cultivated genotypes of pigeonpea. Out of 561 marker loci, 558 were polymorphic with an average of 76.12 bands. Analysis of molecular variation (AMOVA) revealed significant strong population structure when genotypes were structured according to continent of origin (FST = 0.22) also when structured into cultivated and wild genotypes (FST = 0.16). Maximum polymorphic loci were observed in cultivated species C. cajan (352) which is due to more number of genotypes used while, a minimum number of 45 polymorphic bands were obtained in C. acutifolius. Highest (0.291) average gene diversity was recorded in species C. mollis and lowest (0.079) average gene diversity was recorded in C. acutifolius. The 33 genotypes grouped into 14 clusters at 26% Jaccard’s similarity coefficients. Clustering analysis revealed most cultivated genotypes grouped into one major cluster while, the wild genotypes grouped into many clusters at 26% Jaccard’s similarity revealing greater diversity within wild species as compared to cultivated genotypes. From among the various cultivated genotypes studied, four genotypes BRG 3, ICP 7035, TTB 7 and ICP 8863 were molecularly and morphologically diverse and were used as parental genotypes to study nature of inheritance and to identify markers linked to sterility mosaic disease.  相似文献   

8.
高寒沙区人工沙棘对风沙危害的生态响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
[目的]沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)是高寒沙区典型的优良治沙物种,其风沙危害的抗逆性研究对沙棘生态适应性机理及高寒沙区生物治沙工作具有重大的探究与指导意义。[方法]对不同类型沙丘不同林龄的人工沙棘林进行了样方调查和风沙活动监测。[结果]沙棘群落特征与地表风蚀强度变化具有时空同步性。轻度风蚀与中轻度沙埋现象有助于沙棘的生长与群落的发展,固定与半固定沙丘人工沙棘的株高冠幅均为流动型沙丘沙棘的3~6倍;沙棘各生长指标与株下蚀积深度具有显著的二次函数拟合关系,8年生沙棘生长的最佳沙埋深度在30—40cm。2008—2016年,各沙丘沙棘群落特征与局地输沙率、粗糙度、蚀积深度等风沙活动特征分别表现出显著的指数递减、多函数递增和二次函数先增后加减的变化规律。[结论]高寒沙区沙棘对风沙危害的响应特征反映了沙棘良好的风沙适应能力,也指示沙棘造林技术需要注重立地条件选取、造林结构改进与多物种配置,保障沙棘的稳定生长势态与良好的生态修复效益。  相似文献   

9.
A total of 141 Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. accessionsderived from botanical seed originally collected from 26 sites in 4 Provinces inPapua New Guinea, a secondary center of genetic diversity for sweetpotato, weregenetically analyzed. Two hundred Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)markers were identified and utilized in the analysis. Relatedness amongaccessions was estimated by analyzing the AFLP data using the Dice coefficientof similarity and UPGMA methods. The molecular analysis revealed relativelylimited genetic diversity within and between sites. Genotypes collected in agiven region often displayed molecular marker variability similar to thatobserved over the entire sampled area. However, a subset of 14 genotypes derivedfrom seed collected from New Ireland island differed from genotypes collected onNew Guinea island. Estimates of genetic diversity-based similarity valuescalculated from the AFLP data indicated a moderate level of diversity (0.767mean coefficient of similarity) across all plant materials analyzed. Threemethods of selection were evaluated for their efficacy in capturing themolecular marker diversity within the plant materials in the form of a subset.They were random, stratified-random (geographic based), and marker-assistedselection (MAS). MAS was the most efficient. A Maximally Diverse Subset (MDS) of12 genotypes capturing 92% of the molecular marker diversity was identified.  相似文献   

10.
The diversity of 110 rhizobial strains isolated from Acacia abyssinica, A. seyal, A. tortilis, Faidherbia albida, Sesbania sesban, Phaseolus vulgaris, and Vigna unguiculata grown in soils across diverse agro-ecological zones in southern Ethiopia was assessed using the Biolog™ system and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting technique. By cluster analysis of the metabolic and genomic fingerprints, the test strains were grouped into 13 Biolog and 11 AFLP clusters. Twenty-two strains in the Biolog method and 15 strains in the AFLP analysis were linked to eight and four reference species, respectively, out of the 28 included in the study. Most of the test strains (more than 80% of 110) were not related to any of the reference species by both methods. Forty-six test strains (42% of 110) were grouped into seven corresponding Biolog and AFLP clusters, suggesting that these groups represented the same strains, or in some cases clonal descendants of the same organisms. In contrast to the strains from S. sesban, isolates from Acacia spp. were represented in several Biolog and AFLP clusters indicating the promiscuous nature of the latter and widespread occurrence of compatible rhizobia in most of the soil sampling locations. The results showed that indigenous rhizobia nodulating native woody species in Ethiopian soils constituted metabolically and genomically diverse groups that are not linked to reference species.  相似文献   

11.
For adding the hulless barley resources of Shangri-la region to the global barley resource library, a basic work was done by us to assess their genetic diversity of this region. The genetic diversity of 60 hulless barley samples collected from three counties in Shangri-la region of Yunnan Province, were studied using SSR (simple sequence repeats) and AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) markers. A total of 70 alleles were detected for 19 pairs of SSR primers, and 525 band containing 464 polymorphic bands were revealed for 5 pairs of AFLP primers. The value of polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.03 to 0.86 for SSR primers. The total numbers of alleles were 51, 55, 43 in three populations and the polymorphic bands were 188, 205 and 141. The genetic distances and genetic identity among the three populations showed their close relationship. The gene diversity among populations relative to the total population diversity (Gst) was 0.13 for SSR markers and 0.02 for AFLP markers and indicated that just 13 and 2% variations were among populations, respectively. The UPGMA cluster analysis revealed that all of the samples grouped randomly rather than clustered into distinct groups corresponding to their populations, row types and spring/fall types. We concluded that there was high genetic diversity in the population of Shangri-la region and the formation of diversity was related to complex environment and inhabitants’ traditional practices.  相似文献   

12.
植被恢复对黑岱沟矿区排土场土壤性质的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
[目的]以内蒙古准格尔旗黑岱沟露天煤矿北排土场为研究对象,为矿区的植被恢复和治理提供依据。[方法]通过野外土壤剖面调查和采集土壤样品,对9种植被恢复模式及对照区土壤理化性质进行测定和分析,并通过土壤质量指数计算,对不同植被恢复模式下土壤质量进行评价。[结果]各种植被类型均能有效地改良土壤。其中沙棘的容重最小,为1.35g/cm3;油松+沙棘+锦鸡儿的含水量最大,为13.32%;油松+杨树+柳有机质最高,为9.42g/kg;油松+沙棘+锦鸡儿土壤速效N和速效K含量均为最高,分别为21.32和90.21mg/kg;锦鸡儿土壤速效P含量最高,为6.47mg/kg;沙棘和锦鸡儿作为灌木的乔灌混交模式下土壤质量综合评价值最高,单一种植沙棘以及锦鸡儿的土壤质量综合评价值也较高。[结论]种植沙棘、锦鸡儿以及乔木、沙棘和锦鸡儿的乔灌混交类型对该地区土壤复垦有重要作用。  相似文献   

13.
Germplasm conserved as seeds in genebanks requires regular regeneration. In this process, selection and genetic drift may cause loss of genetic diversity from accessions. In the case of selfing crops, separation of distinct lines into different accessions may be an efficient strategy to avoid these negative effects. In order to evaluate the applicability of this method for collection management, knowledge about the level of intra-accession genetic diversity is required. By means of AFLP analysis intra-accession variation was investigated in two cultivars, two landraces and two wild populations of ex situ conserved barley germplasm. In the total sample of 216 individuals analysed (36 per accession), 22 genotypes were observed based on 104 polymorphic loci. The number of genotypes detected ranged from 1 to 3 per accession, except for a Nepalese landrace that revealed 12 genotypes. An UPGMA cluster analysis grouped the genotypes unambiguously into the accession they belonged to and genotypes within accessions were generally found to be closely related. In order to determine the repeatability of the results obtained, 11 individuals belonging to 4 genotypes from the Nepalese landrace were scored for a second set of AFLP markers. Matrices of genetic distances calculated for the two AFLP datasets were found to be highly correlated (r = 0.9346, P < 0.001). Separation of genotypes into different accessions was considered a relevant option only for the Nepalese landrace. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that this accession could be well divided into 8 distinct lines. Further implications of the results for genebank practices are discussed.  相似文献   

14.
黄土丘陵沟壑区典型林地土壤微生物、酶活性和养分特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
刘钊  魏天兴  朱清科  陈珏  赵彦敏 《土壤》2016,48(4):705-713
通过对陕西吴起县黄土沟壑区退耕还林地不同林分(沙棘、刺槐、油松、小叶杨)根际与非根际土壤养分、酶活性和微生物特征进行研究,比较4种典型林分及退耕草地“根际效应”及根际对养分的截留效应,评价根际效应对土壤特性产生不同改良效果,为黄土沟壑区退耕地人工林科学选择造林树种提供理论支持。研究表明:1根际与非根际土壤中有机质含量、有效磷含量、碱解氮含量和速效钾含量表现出显著差异,有机质、有效磷、速效钾含量均呈现明显的根际聚集现象。2根际土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性总体高于非根际,仅油松样地中过氧化氢酶活性和小叶杨样地中脲酶活性根际低于非根际。3根际土壤中脲酶活性与细菌和真菌数量相关性达到显著水平,过氧化氢酶活性与真菌相关性达到显著水平;有机质含量与细菌、放线菌数量和脲酶活性相关性达到显著水平;碱解氮、有效磷含量均与细菌、真菌数量和脲酶活性相关性达到显著水平。在非根际土壤中,土壤养分含量与土壤微生物、土壤酶活性的相关性明显降低。4从土壤肥力综合水平看,根际土壤肥力水平综合得分总体上大于非根际土壤,其中根际土壤中沙棘小叶杨油松刺槐草地。沙棘能大幅度提高土壤肥力,具有较好的土壤改良效果。  相似文献   

15.
Maize (Zea mays L. ssp. mays) was domesticated from one wild species ancestor, the Balsas teosinte (Zea mays ssp. parviglumis) about 9000 years ago. Higher levels of gene diversity are found in teosinte taxa compared to maize, following domestication and selection bottlenecks. Diversity in maize can be increased via gene flow from teosinte, which has certainly occurred from various taxa, but the rate of flow from different teosinte taxa and the final impact on maize evolution has been difficult to measure. One hundred populations from six Zea taxa, both domesticated (maize) and wild (teosinte), including domesticated landraces from Asia, Africa, and the Americas, were genotyped with 17 SSR markers using 15 individuals per population. Overall levels of diversity were high, and populations could be distinguished based on markers. Relationships between populations followed most published reports, or can now help resolve previously conflicting reports. Gene flow into maize from different teosinte groups, and gene flow between different teosintes, was estimated. Evidence for contributions from the Balsas teosintes and from Chalco teosintes (Z. mays ssp. mexicana) to the maize gene pool was found, as well as from Chalco into ssp. mexicana race ??Durango?? and Z. mays ssp. huehuetenengensis. These contributions are almost certainly the result of post-domestication (and ongoing) exchanges. This information must give more impetus to in situ conservation of teosinte species, and use of these teosintes to continue to direct the evolution of maize, especially in response to new diseases, insect pests, and other biotic and abiotic stresses.  相似文献   

16.
The cultivated types of Brassica rapa L. em. Metzg. consist of morphologically distinct subspecies such as turnip, turnip rape, Chinese cabbage, pak choi and pot herb mustard which are classified as ssp. rapa, ssp. oleifera, ssp. pekinensis, ssp. chinensis and ssp. nipposinica (syn. ssp. japonica), respectively. We attempted to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships among the cultivated types of B. rapa. Thirty-two accessions from the Eurasian Continent were analyzed using AFLP markers with a cultivar of B. oleracea as an outgroup. In total, 455 bands were detected in the ingroup and 392 (86.6%) were polymorphic. The Neighbor-Joining tree based on the AFLP markers indicated that the accessions of B. rapa were congregated into two groups according to geographic origin. One group consisted of ssp. rapa and ssp. oleifera of Europe and Central Asia and the other included all the subspecies of East Asia. Our results suggest that cultivars from East Asia were probably derived from a primitive cultivated type, which originated in Europe or in Central Asia and migrated to East Asia. This primitive cultivated type was probably a common ancestor of ssp. rapa and ssp. oleifera. The Neighbor-Joining tree also shows that leafy vegetables in East Asia such as ssp. pekinensis, ssp. chinensis and ssp. nipposinica were differentiated several times from the distinct cultivars of ssp. oleifera in East Asia.  相似文献   

17.
半干旱地区3种植物根系的抗弯力特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
[目的]研究内蒙古中西部3种典型水土保持植物柠条(Caragana korshinskii)、沙棘(Hippophae rhamnoides)、紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)的根节点与相邻直根在不同直径下抗弯力和抗弯强度,为植物根系网络固土内在机理的研究提供科学依据。[方法]通过悬臂梁弯曲试验的方法,对3种植物的根节点与相邻直根进行抗弯试验。[结果]在测试根径1~5mm范围内,3种植物根节点和相邻直根的抗弯力与直径均呈幂函数正相关,3种植物根节点和相邻上级直根平均抗弯力的种间大小顺序一致,为柠条紫花苜蓿沙棘。在测试根径2~5mm范围内3种植物根节点的平均抗弯强度均小于各自相邻上级直根的平均抗弯强度,且种间大小顺序为柠条(21.87,24.33 MPa)紫花苜蓿(10.69,17.02 MPa)沙棘(4.81,4.95MPa)。[结论]3种植物中柠条根系抵抗弯曲变形的能力最大。沙棘根节点与其相邻直根抗弯强度差值最小,其各级根系间共同作用抵抗变形的能力最好,有利于根系网中各级根系间的固结,更加有助于根系网发挥其固持土体的作用。  相似文献   

18.
内蒙古中西部3种乡土植物根系抗拉力学特性的对比研究   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3  
[目的]研究内蒙古中西部地区3种乡土植物种根系的抗拉机理,为该区水土保持的树种选择提供依据。[方法]以内蒙古中西部地区3种常见植物柠条、沙棘和紫花苜蓿根系为对象,进行室内单根瞬时极限拉伸试验研究。[结果](1)3种植物单根极限抗拉力随着直径的增加而增大,单根极限抗拉强度随直径的增加均呈幂函数递减。(2)当直径在0.19mm~2.89mm范围内相同径级时,3种植物单根极限抗拉强度和弹性模量均值大小顺序相同,依次为:柠条沙棘紫花苜蓿,3种植物根径≤0.5mm的细根具有较大的极限抗拉强度和弹性模量;(3)同一树种当根系直径相同时,土壤含水率高则其单根平均极限抗拉强度小。[结论]根系的力学特性与形态结构特征的结合,是选择适宜的水土保持树种非常重要的因素。从根系抗拉性能方面评价3种植物根系固土抗蚀能力大小则柠条优于沙棘和紫花苜蓿。  相似文献   

19.
为探究不同立地条件下沙棘土壤水分分布特征和生长情况,采用样地试验,设置2种坡向（阴坡、阳坡）和3种坡位（坡顶、坡中、坡底）进行研究。研究表明：（1）各样地内的土壤水分季节变化可划分为消耗期（5—6月）、快速补充期（6—7月）和消退期（7—9月）,天然降水对土壤含水率影响较大;（2）各样地内的土壤水分垂直分布为土壤水分显著变化层（Cv>0.2）、土壤水分次变化层（0.2>Cv>0.1）和土壤水分相对稳定层（Cv<0.1）;（3）不同立地条件对土壤水分及植株的生长具有显著影响。阴坡土壤水分明显高于阳坡,土壤水分由坡顶向坡底呈递减趋势;沙棘的生长指标及存活率表现为阴坡>阳坡,不同坡位表现为坡底>坡中>坡顶。研究结果可为玛纳斯县前山地带沙棘造林提供参考和理论依据。  相似文献   

20.
Genetic diversity of 54 accessions of Aegilops tauschii from five countries was assessed using sequence-tagged microsatellites (or simple sequence repeats, SSRs) and amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). In the case of AFLP analysis, a total of 256 amplification products obtained, 234 of them were polymorphic across all the 54 accessions. A total of 224 fragments were obtained from the 24 SSR primers and 219 of fragments were polymorphic across all the genotypes screened. Based on both AFLP and SSR markers, the highest percentage of polymorphisms were obtained in Iranian and accessions of unknown origin. The highest polymorphic information content (PIC) value was observed for SSRs (0.82) while the highest marker index (MI) value was for AFLPs (8.5) reflecting the hyper-variability of the first and the distinctive nature of the second system. Principal co-ordinate analysis (PCO) revealed congruent patterns of genetic relationships for both data sets, but did not group accessions strictly according to their geographical origins. Poor correlation was found between AFLP and SSR marker loci. This low association may be due to low number of AFLP and SSR markers. These results show that molecular markers can help to organize the genetic variability and expose useful diversity for breeding purposes.  相似文献   

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