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1.
灰飞虱对杀虫剂抗药性的研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
灰飞虱对杀虫剂产生抗药性是其近年来暴发频繁的重要原因。本文综述了国内外关于灰飞虱抗药性的研究成果,包括灰飞虱抗药性的发展、交互抗性、抗性机理、抗性遗传及生物适合度等。田间灰飞虱种群对多种药剂产生了不同程度的抗药性,其中对新烟碱类药剂吡虫啉和昆虫生长调节剂噻嗪酮产生了高水平到极高水平抗性(抗药性倍数分别为44.6～108.8倍和超过200倍),对有机磷类药剂毒死蜱和乙酰甲胺磷(抗药性倍数分别为10～12.6倍和9～13倍)、氨基甲酸酯类药剂甲萘威和残杀威(抗药性倍数分别为29.8～45.3倍和40.1～131.5倍)和拟除虫菊酯类药剂高效氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯(抗药性倍数分别为7.8～108.8倍和12～21倍)产生了中等水平到高水平的抗药性,对氟虫腈、阿维菌素和噻虫嗪没有产生抗药性(抗性倍数5倍)。长期大面积使用化学药剂是灰飞虱产生抗药性的重要原因。因此,必须加强灰飞虱的抗性治理,以延缓其抗药性进一步发展。 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Pyrethroid insecticides have historically been effective for controlling bean leaf beetles in soybeans. Perceived field efficacy in the Mississippi Delta region has been lower over the past several years. Laboratory and field data were collected to determine whether there has been a reduction in pyrethroid insecticide susceptibility. RESULTS: Laboratory and field data both confirmed that control of bean leaf beetles with pyrethroid insecticides is poorer in the Delta regions of Mississippi and Louisiana than in all other regions tested. However, it was not possible to show that this reduced susceptibility changed over time. Furthermore, insect movement appeared to make insecticide susceptibility regional, so that localized insecticide applications had little impact on the susceptibility of successive generations. CONCLUSION: Lack of field control owing to low efficacy of pyrethroid insecticides against bean leaf beetle populations in the Delta region should be expected. Selection pressure on a regional basis may further decrease efficacy. Carbamate insecticides generally still provide high levels of control. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
3.
Insecticide resistance continues to be one of the most important issues facing agricultural production. The challenges in insecticide resistance and its management are exemplified by the situation with the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). This highly invasive pest has a great propensity for developing insecticide resistance because of its biological attributes, and cases of resistance to most classes of insecticides used for its management have been detected. To combat insecticide resistance in the western flower thrips, several insecticide resistance management (IRM) programs have been developed around the world, and these are discussed. Successful programs rely on non-insecticidal tactics, such as biological and cultural controls and host plant resistance, to reduce population pressures, rotations among insecticides of different mode of action classes to conserve insecticide efficacy, resistance monitoring, sampling to determine the need for insecticide applications and education to assure proper implementation. More judicious insecticide use is possible with the development of well-founded economic thresholds for more cropping systems. While growers will continue to rely on insecticides as part of western-flower-thrips- and thrips-transmitted virus management, more effective management of these pests will be achieved by considering their management in the context of overall integrated pest management, with IRM being a key component of those comprehensive programs. 相似文献
4.
The Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) is a serious threat in potato‐growing areas in Europe. Control requires a high insecticide input and meanwhile L. decemlineata has developed resistance to all commonly used insecticides. In order to establish an integrated pest management system a temperature‐driven decision support system (SIMLEP DSS) has been elaborated and consists of two modules. SIMLEP 1 is a regional forecasting model for the first occurrence of hibernating beetles and the start of egg laying. SIMLEP 3 is a field–specific model which forecasts the occurrence of the developmental stages of L. decemlineata. From 1999 to 2004 SIMLEP 3 was validated in Germany, Austria, Italy and Poland. In about 90% of cases SIMLEP 3 correctly predicted the periods of maximum egg laying and young larval occurrence, which are the optimal periods for field assessments and treatments with conventional and biological insecticides. SIMLEP 3 is used in practice in Germany and Austria on a large scale and in the western part of Poland. The SIMLEP DSS contributed a lot to the improvement of farmers’L. decemlineata control measures. 相似文献
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为明确粘质沙雷氏菌Serratia marcescens S-JS1与杀虫剂对灰飞虱的联合作用,以及S-JS1对灰飞虱解毒酶和保护酶活性的影响,以灰飞虱3龄若虫为对象,采用喷雾法比较了S-JS1与5种杀虫剂 (螺虫乙酯、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、啶虫脒和毒死蜱) 单用,以及菌、药混用对灰飞虱的杀虫活性,测定了灰飞虱取食经S-JS1处理的水稻后,虫体内羧酸酯酶 (CarE)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶 (GSTs)、过氧化物酶 (POD) 和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 的活性变化。结果表明:粘质沙雷氏菌S-JS1分别与不同浓度杀虫剂混用,均可提高杀虫剂对灰飞虱的致死率。其中,109 cfu/mL的S-JS1与1.25 mg/L的噻虫嗪混用处理3 d,或与25 mg/L的螺虫乙酯混用处理5 d,灰飞虱的死亡率分别为65.58%和76.27%,均显著高于同浓度杀虫剂单用的处理 (噻虫嗪单用时致死率为44.24%,螺虫乙酯为49.22%),表现为增效作用 (χ2 > 3.84,实测死亡率 – 预期死亡率 > 0);其他各混用处理均为相加作用 (χ2 < 3.84)。灰飞虱取食经粘质沙雷氏菌处理的水稻苗后12和24 h,其CarE活性与对照组间无显著性差异,GSTs活性呈先降低后升高趋势,POD和SOD活性均低于对照组。研究表明,粘质沙雷氏菌S-JS1可能降低了灰飞虱对杀虫剂的抵抗力。本研究可为探索昆虫病原细菌与杀虫剂间的联合应用提供参考,为灰飞虱的有效防治提供新思路。 相似文献
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Occasional reports linking neonicotinoid insecticide applications to field population outbreaks of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, have been a topic of concern for integrated pest management (IPM) programmes, particularly in apples. In order to shed light on the factors which may contribute to the occasional field population increase of T. urticae following the application of neonicotinoid insecticides, greenhouse experiments have been set up. Four different T. urticae strains, namely GSS (acaricide-susceptible), WI (organophosphate-selected), USA (a largely uncharacterised strain) and Akita (METI (mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor) acaricide-resistant and cross-resistant to dicofol), were compared for their fecundity without insecticide treatment and for their ovipositional response to foliar and drench applications of the field-relevant dose of imidacloprid (100 mg litre(-1)). Without insecticide treatment, strain GSS laid significantly more eggs (162.50 (+/- 5.43)) than the multiple resistant strain Akita (139.90 (+/- 5.54)) during a 16 day oviposition period. With imidacloprid treatment the highest effect was observed with GSS, with a significantly reduced number of eggs in drench (143.40 (+/- 4.22)) and foliar (144.60 (+/- 5.85)) applications. For strains Akita and USA, no significant differences were observed in oviposition between imidacloprid treatments and controls. The proportion of F1 female offspring decreased significantly with drench application for GSS and WI, while no differences were observed among strains in the survival of F1 immature stages, except for strain USA. The viability of eggs was relatively high (from 82.9 (+/- 4.5)% for USA to 95.2 (+/- 1.2)% for GSS) and not affected by imidacloprid treatments. 相似文献
7.
Alyokhin A Dively G Patterson M Castaldo C Rogers D Mahoney M Wollam J 《Pest management science》2007,63(1):32-41
One of the major challenges in managing the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) is its remarkable ability to develop resistance to virtually every insecticide that has ever been used against it. Resistance is particularly common throughout northeastern USA as far north as Maine. The first instances of resistance to imidacloprid have already been reported from several locations in New York, Delaware and southern Maine. Rotating insecticides with different modes of action may delay insecticide resistance, but successful implementation of this technique depends on a good understanding of resistance and cross-resistance patterns in populations of target pests. LC(50) values were measured for imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in Colorado potato beetle populations from a variety of locations in the USA and Canada using diet incorporation bioassays. The field performance of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin against imidacloprid-resistant beetles on a commercial potato farm in southern Maine was also evaluated. Correlation between LC(50) values for imidacloprid and thiamethoxam was highly significant, even when populations previously exposed to thiamethoxam were excluded from the analysis. There was no statistically detectable difference in the LC(50) values between populations exposed to both insecticides and to imidacloprid alone. Applications of neonicotinoid insecticides at planting delayed build-up of imidacloprid-resistant beetle populations on field plots by 1-2 weeks but failed to provide adequate crop protection. Consistently with bioassay results, there was also substantial cross-resistance among the three tested neonicotinoid insecticides. Results of the present study support the recommendation to avoid rotating imidacloprid with thiamethoxam as a part of a resistance management plan. 相似文献
8.
为明确低剂量化学杀虫剂对寄生性天敌昆虫的影响,以棉蚜茧蜂为对象,测定了常用杀虫剂啶虫脒和新型杀虫剂双丙环虫酯在LC5和LC30剂量下对棉蚜茧蜂寄生功能反应的影响。结果表明：啶虫脒和双丙环虫酯对棉蚜的LC50值分别为442.6和1.67 mg/L,对棉蚜茧蜂的LD50值分别为0.007和20.58μg/cm2。经低剂量的2种杀虫剂处理后,棉蚜茧蜂寄生量与棉蚜密度呈负加速曲线,随棉蚜密度的增加棉蚜茧蜂寄生量逐渐增大,最终趋于平缓。模型拟合结果表明,寄生功能反应模型的基本结构仍然属于Holling-Ⅱ模型,但模型的各项参数均发生了改变。在棉蚜密度为20、40和100头/皿时,除LC5剂量双丙环虫酯处理棉蚜(间接处理)组棉蚜茧蜂的寄生量与对照组无显著差异外,其他各药剂处理组的寄生量均显著低于对照组,其中LD30剂量啶虫脒直接处理棉蚜茧蜂对其寄生能力的抑制作用最强。经低剂量药剂间接处理后,棉蚜茧蜂处理每头棉蚜所用的时间与对照相比均显著延长,且药... 相似文献
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A field trial was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of several selective insecticides for the control of pear psyllaCacopsylla pyri (L.) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) in two successive years. Three insect growth regulators (IGRs) — diflubenzuron, pyriproxyfen
and teflubenzuron, and an amin-hydrazine derivative — amitraz, were evaluated singly and in combination with summer oil (1%).
All insecticides were applied at recommended label rates in both years. When compared with the untreated control, all insecticides
alone and their combinations with summer oil, except for pyriproxyfen alone, provided control of young (1st and 2nd instars)
nymphs. However, combined applications of these insecticides and summer oil were more effective than either insecticide alone
for controlling the egg and young nymph stages of the pest. The products were less effective against older (3rd–5th instars)
nymphs, even in combination with summer oil, and failed to suppress the population of older nymphs. Adding oil to sprays also
delayed oviposition by winterform and summerform females. With the exception of oil with amitraz, combinations of insecticides
with summer oil did not cause any phytotoxicity during the study. 相似文献
11.
目前化学防治仍是植物保护的重要手段,化学杀虫剂通过参与昆虫自然选择,诱导其产生可遗传的基因突变,从而导致昆虫抗药性的增加,近年来随着杀虫剂的广泛使用,抗药性已成为植物保护领域亟需解决的重大问题。利用分子生物学手段对由基因变异引起的昆虫抗药性进行解析已成为可能,在现今大多数昆虫抗药性研究中,功能基因组技术已被广泛用于候选基因调控抗药性机制的研究。本文介绍了双元基因表达技术——GAL4/UAS技术、基因干扰技术——RNAi技术和基因编辑技术——CRISPR/Cas9技术这3种有助于阐明昆虫抗药性分子机制的功能基因组技术,综述了这3种功能基因组技术在近几年昆虫抗药性研究中的应用实例,讨论了其目前的发展状况及其优势和局限性,以期在完善的功能基因组技术支持下为昆虫抗药性研究取得更多突破性进展。 相似文献
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Alan L Knight 《Pest management science》2010,66(8):865-874
BACKGROUND: Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), has been intensely managed with the organophosphate insecticide azinphos‐methyl for 50 years, and populations have developed resistance. New management programs have been developed and implemented that rely more heavily on other classes of insecticides. A prerequisite for developing effective resistance management strategies for these compounds is to establish their current levels of effectiveness. Adult and neonate larval assays were conducted to assess the response of field‐collected codling moth populations from apple in Washington State. RESULTS: Male codling moth populations exhibited a range of responses to a discriminating concentration of azinphos‐methyl in a survey of 20 populations. Populations from certified organic orchards were more susceptible than those from conventional orchards. Mean fecundity was inversely related to azinphos‐methyl tolerance. Male responses to azinphos‐methyl and acetamiprid varied significantly among populations and were correlated. The residual effectiveness of field applications of both insecticides varied significantly against neonate larvae. Neonate bioassays with insecticide‐dipped fruit found significant differences among populations with azinphos‐methyl, acetamiprid, methoxyfenozide and spinosad, but not with esfenvalerate. CONCLUSION: These results support a concern that alternation of insecticides with different modes of action may not be a sufficient strategy to avoid the evolution of broad‐spectrum insecticide resistance by codling moth. Published 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
14.
The soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subsp. israelensis (Bti), the neonicotinoid insecticides dinotefuran, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and clothianidin and the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen were evaluated to determine their efficacy against the larval stages of the fungus gnat Bradysia sp nr. coprophila (Lintner) in the laboratory. Treatments were applied as a drench to the growing medium in polypropylene deli containers. The Bti treatments had no effect on either instar tested, whereas all the other compounds negatively affected both the second and third instars. This study demonstrates that the soil bacterium B. thuringiensis var. israelensis may not be active on these larval stages, whereas the neonicotinoid insecticides and the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen are effective on these stages. The fact that Bti is not effective on the second and third instars of the fungus gnat means that greenhouse producers using this insecticide must make applications before fungus gnat populations build up and before overlapping generations develop. 相似文献
15.
Many insecticides (e.g. DDT, lindane, pyrethroids) are hydrophobic molecules which bind extensively to biological membranes. Binding of insecticides to phospholipid bilayers frequently shows saturation, with binding increasing with increasing insecticide concentration up to some limit, beyond which no further insecticide is incorporated into the bilayer. For lindane, this limit has been shown to correspond to the concentration at which the aqueous phase becomes saturated. Simple alkanes show similar saturation phenomena, and binding of halogenated alkanes can be followed by fluorescence quenching methods. It is shown that effects of hydrophobic molecules on bilayer fluidity are small. Effects of alkanes and insecticides on the activity of the (Ca2+-Mg2+)-ATPase purified from sarcoplasmic reticulum follow from direct binding to the ATPase, at sites which are not at the lipid-protein interface of the ATPase. 相似文献
16.
Bielza P 《Pest management science》2008,64(11):1131-1138
Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is an economically important pest of a wide range of crops grown throughout the world. Insecticide resistance has been documented in many populations of WFT. Biological and behavioural characteristics and pest management practices that promote insecticide resistance are discussed. In addition, an overview is provided of the development of insecticide resistance in F. occidentalis populations and the resistance mechanisms involved. Owing to widespread resistance to most conventional insecticides, a new approach to insecticide resistance management (IRM) of F. occidentalis is needed. The IRM strategy proposed consists of two parts. Firstly, a general strategy to minimise the use of insecticides in order to reduce selection pressure. Secondly, a strategy designed to avoid selection of resistance mechanisms, considering cross-resistance patterns and resistance mechanisms. 相似文献
17.
BACKGROUND: Developing scientifically valid, economically acceptable insecticide resistance management (IRM) programs is critical for sustainable insect management. The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), has demonstrated an ability to develop resistance to many different classes of insecticides, including proteins produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt). Recently it has developed resistance to the novel compounds spinosad and indoxacarb. In greenhouse cage experiments, a laboratory‐selected population of P. xylostella resistant to spinosad, indoxacarb and Bt was used to compare population growth and resistance evolution if these three insecticides were rotated or used in a mosaic fashion. RESULTS: The average population density through nine generations was lowest in the treatment in which the insecticide was rotated every generation (R‐1) (x? = 20.7 ± 3.20) compared with the treatment in which the insecticide was rotated every third generation (R‐3) (x? = 41.4 ± 17.6) or where the insecticides were applied as a mosaic (M) (x? = 41.8 ± 6.53). After nine generations, the survival of resistant individuals increased for each insecticide (7.2–73.5%) compared with the population without selection (CK) (0.73–3.1%). Survival on spinosad was significantly lower (23.7%) in the single‐generation rotation than for the other two treatments, both of which exceeded 72%. The calculated survival on all three insecticides treated simultaneously, according to the survival on each insecticide, was 0.26, 0.81 and 1.6% for R‐1, R‐3 and M treatments respectively. CONCLUSION: Results of both population density and resistance development indicated that insecticide rotation every generation was better for IRM than if the insecticide was rotated every third generation or if the three insecticides were applied as a mosaic. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
18.
Diversity of insecticide resistance mechanisms and spectrum in European populations of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Reyes M Franck P Charmillot PJ Ioriatti C Olivares J Pasqualini E Sauphanor B 《Pest management science》2007,63(9):890-902
Only a few of the registered insecticides against Cydia pomonella L. are still effective in areas where insecticide resistance has emerged in this pest. Resistance mechanisms are multiple, and their lone or cumulative effects in a single population are not completely understood. A detailed estimation of resistance spectrum is still required to define the suitable insecticides to use against a given population. The efficacy of ten insecticides was therefore investigated together with the resistance mechanisms expressed in four laboratory strains and 47 field populations of C. pomonella from five countries. Bioassays were performed using topical applications of diagnostic concentrations on diapausing larvae, and resistance mechanisms were analysed on adults emerging from control insects. All populations exhibited a reduced susceptibility to at least one insecticide when compared with the susceptible laboratory strain. Cross-resistances were observed between azinphos-methyl or phosalone and more recent compounds such as spinosad and thiacloprid. Resistances to azinphos-methyl, diflubenzuron, spinosad, tebufenozide and thiacloprid were significantly correlated with mixed-function oxidase activity, while increased glutathione-S-transferase and reduced non-specific esterase activities were correlated with resistance to azinphos-methyl and emamectin, respectively. Conversely, resistances to azinphos-methyl, tebufenozide and thiacloprid were negatively correlated with increased esterase activity. None of the observed mechanisms explained the loss of susceptibility of populations to chlorpyrifos-ethyl, and no significant correlation was detected between resistance to deltamethrin and the presence of the kdr mutation. The suitability of such non-target instars to monitor insecticide resistance in field populations is discussed. 相似文献
19.
Insecticide resistance management (IRM) is a component of integrated pest management (IPM) that has the goal of forestalling resistance development to all insecticides. Since the advent of the organochlorine insecticides in the 1940s, an average of about one class of insecticide has been lost every 10 years because of resistance. Effective insecticides are necessary for optimum IPM and are too important and too expensive a resource to be lost so rapidly. By adhering to the principles of IPM and utilizing other IPM components such as biological and cultural control, IRM has the potential of conserving the susceptibility of pests to insecticides. Although initial attempts of IRM appear to be successful, it is imperative that research to undergird IRM be greatly accelerated. 相似文献
20.
L. HERTELENDY 《EPPO Bulletin》1998,28(4):459-461
Combining products with different modes of action is one approach to preventing the development of insecticide resistance in Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Suitable combinations of active substances are proposed. 相似文献