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1.
Candidacidal and phagocytic tests were performed on 34 female sheep fed high sulphur diets containing varied concentrations of thiamine, copper, and molybdenum for 14 weeks. Tests were conducted at weekly intervals for five weeks during the latter half of the experiment. The ability of polymorphonuclear leucocytes from sheep on diets unsupplemented with thiamine to kill phagocytosed Candida albicans was lower than those on diets supplemented with thiamine. The ability of polymorphonuclear leucocytes to phagocytose C albicans was lower in animals on low copper diets than in animals on high copper diets. Factorial analysis showed that thiamine supplementation significantly increased (P less than 0.0001) candidacidal but not phagocytic activity. By contrast, copper supplementation significantly increased (P less than 0.0005) the phagocytic activity with no effect on candidacidal activity. The observed detrimental effect of high sulphur intake on in vitro polymorphonuclear leucocyte function can mean that ruminants in areas where large quantities of sulphur are taken in with water and feed have compromised immune function due to lower copper and thiamine status and hence are at risk of increased susceptibility to infections. 相似文献
2.
Effect of selenium on sheep lymphocyte responses to mitogens 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The effect of selenium (Se) on sheep lymphocyte response to mitogens was studied. In an indoor experiment lambs were fed a basal diet containing 0.13 mg Se kg-1, and supplemented with, respectively, 0.1 or 0.5 mg Se kg-1, either as sodium selenite or as selenomethionine. Enhancement of the proliferative response of lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and concanavalin A was found in lambs following selenium supplementation at the lower levels. The highest dietary selenium content, however, induced decreased mitogen response. Transient increases in lymphocyte response to PHA and PWM by ewes supplemented with selenium was demonstrated in one field study and a combined effect of selenium and vitamin E was seen in another. There was no stimulatory effect on the mitogen response of lymphocytes from sheep supplemented with dietary vitamin E alone. 相似文献
3.
The objective of the present experiment was to determine the effect of different types of N-carbamoylglutamate on growth performance,serum biochemical indexes and fat distribution of Tan sheep. Sixty male Tan lambs with average weight of (20.14±0.31)kg and similar age were randomly assigned three groups with five replications per group and 4 lambs per replication. The lambs in control group were fed basal diet, while lambs in test groups were fed diets containing 0.1% NCG and 0.1% RP-NCG,respectively. The results showed that:① Comparing with control group,the ADG was significantly improved (P<0.05) and F/G was significantly decreased (P<0.05) when 0.1% NCG or 0.1% RP-NCG were supplemented,while there was no significant difference between two experimental groups (P>0.05).② Dietary supplemented with 0.1% NCG or 0.1% RP-NCG significantly decreased the serum urea nitrogen (P<0.05),but there were no significant differences in serum total protein,creatinine content and creatine kinase activity (P>0.05).③ The ration of meat weight to carcass weight of two experimental groups was significantly improved (P<0.05).As 0.1% NCG or 0.1% RP-NCG were supplemented in the diets, the content of subcutaneous fat and GR value were significantly decreased (P<0.05),and the content of intramuscular fat (IMF) was significantly increased (P<0.05).In conclusion,dietary supplemented with 0.1% NCG or 0.1% RP-NCG could improve the growth performance and slaughter performance while there was no significant difference between NCG and RP-NCG. 相似文献
4.
试验旨在比较N-氨甲酰谷氨酸（NCG）和瘤胃保护型NCG（RP-NCG）对滩羊生长性能、血清生化指标和脂肪分配的影响。选取日龄相近、体重为（20.14±0.31）kg公滩羔羊60只,随机分为3组：对照组、0.1% NCG处理组和0.1% RP-NCG处理组,每组5个重复,每个重复4只羔羊。对照组不添加NCG,0.1% NCG组添加0.1% NCG,0.1% RP-NCG组添加0.1% RP-NCG。试验期80 d。结果显示：①与对照组相比,日粮中添加NCG和RP-NCG能够显著提高滩羊平均日增重并降低料重比（P<0.05）,但两试验组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）;②日粮中添加NCG和RP-NCG,显著降低了血清尿素氮含量（P<0.05）,但对血清总蛋白、肌酐和肌酸激酶的活性影响不显著（P>0.05）;③与对照组相比,添加NCG和RP-NCG使滩羊净肉重/胴体重显著提高（P<0.05）,皮下脂肪和GR值显著下降（P<0.05）,两试验组间差异不显著（P>0.05）;试验组肌内脂肪（IMF）含量显著升高（P<0.05）。综上所述,日粮添加0.1% NCG或0.1% RP-NCG可提高舍饲滩羊生长性能,并能改善滩羊脂肪分配。与RP-NCG相比,NCG对滩羊生长性能、血清生化指标及脂肪分配无显著影响。 相似文献
5.
A A Olkowski S R Gooneratne E C Crichlow C G Rousseaux D A Christensen 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1990,54(1):113-118
Brain stem auditory-evoked response (BAER) is a noninvasive technique used for detecting neurophysiological abnormalities of the brain stem along the auditory pathway. Brain stem auditory-evoked response recordings were obtained from subcutaneous skin electrodes from two control sheep and 22 other sheep fed high sulfur (S) diets with low or high concentration of thiamine (B1), copper (Cu), and molybdenum (Mo). At least four peaks (I,II,III,IV) of varied amplitude were observed in all animals. Neurophysiological abnormalities due to decreased conductivity and/or excitability of nerve fibers along the auditory pathway were found on the BAER recordings of sheep fed high S diet. Abnormalities of peaks and interpeak latencies within BAER recordings were related to histopathological observations of brain stem lesions. Lesions in the areas of the cochlear nuclei and lateral lemniscus were seen in conjunction with altered BAER components. However, abnormalities in BAER recordings and lesions in the brain stem also occurred in the absence of overt clinical signs. Analysis of interpeak latencies between peaks I and IV revealed significant differences among dietary groups. Sheep given diets low in Cu, Mo, and B1 were affected most. Factorial analysis indicated B1 and interactions among Cu, Mo, and B1 as significant factors influencing interpeak latencies. 相似文献
6.
7.
Influence of selenium on antibody production in sheep 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Three experiments were carried out, using sheep fed a marginally low selenium diet, to study the effect of selenium supplementation on the antibody response to tetanus toxoid and on the serum IgG concentration. Six groups of three six-month-old lambs were fed a basal diet containing 0.13 mg Se kg-1 supplemented with either 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 mg Se kg-1, as sodium selenite or as selenomethionine. These animals generally showed enhanced antibody response to tetanus toxoid, parainfluenza-3 virus and Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, and their total serum IgG concentrations were higher than in unsupplemented control animals although few responses were statistically significant. In two field studies significantly higher titres to tetanus toxoid were detected in ewes injected with 100 mg selenium as barium selenate, although no influence on serum IgG concentrations was detected. Lambs from selenium supplemented ewes had significantly higher titres to tetanus toxoid than lambs from ewes in the control group. Dietary vitamin E supplementation had a similar effect on the antibody response to tetanus toxoid in ewes, though no additive effect was seen when vitamin E was given together with selenium. 相似文献
8.
The objective of this experiment was to establish the validity of using plasma alpha-tocopherol values as an index of alpha-tocopherol status in sheep. alpha-tocopherol values were obtained for tissues and blood of 40 sheep given four different dietary intakes of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate. Group 1 sheep were given a basal diet containing 25 to 32 mg dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate kg-1 while groups 2, 3 and 4, comprising 10 sheep each, received the basal diet plus 200, 400 and 600 mg dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate per sheep, respectively. Blood samples were obtained at zero time and then twice weekly for eight weeks, at which time sheep were killed and organs retrieved for tissue alpha-tocopherol analysis. Tocopherol concentrations were higher in all tissues (P less than 0.001) of sheep fed the vitamin E supplemented diets than the basal diet. Vitamin E stored in the liver of sheep at the end of the experiment (eight weeks) showed a linear response to the level of vitamin E in the diet. Blood plasma vitamin E concentrations increased following vitamin E supplementation, but no direct relationship was found between vitamin E intake and plasma vitamin E content. 相似文献
9.
Twenty helminth-free lambs were fed diets containing either 169 g crude protein (CP) kg-1 dry matter (DM) or 88 g CP kg-1 DM from the age of seven months. One month later five lambs from each dietary group were vaccinated against Haemonchus contortus by the oral administration of 10,000 irradiated larvae on two occasions, four weeks apart. Four weeks following the administration of the second dose of irradiated larvae both the vaccinated and unvaccinated lambs were exposed to an experimental infection of 10,000 non-irradiated H contortus larvae Faecal egg output and haematological changes were monitored throughout the study. The lambs were slaughtered 28 days after challenge when worm burdens were assessed. Vaccination was equally successful in inducing a strong resistance to the challenge infection regardless of dietary status. It was concluded that dietary protein does not influence the response to vaccination with irradiated H contortus larvae of lambs more than seven months old. 相似文献
10.
S R Gooneratne A A Olkowski D A Christensen 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1989,53(4):462-467
The effect of high dietary sulfur (S) supplementation on blood thiamine (B1) concentration, biochemical indices of liver, muscle and kidney damage and selected plasma electrolytes was studied in six sheep. Three of these sheep received an additional 230 mg thiamine/kg diet (Group 2). After approximately 2.5-3 weeks on this diet, all three sheep in the non-B1-supplemented group (Group 1) showed loss of appetite and developed mild neurological signs: depression, intermittent signs of excitation and head pressing. Increases in blood B1 concentration and plasma creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were observed during this time in all affected animals. Clinical signs lasted only for two to five days. Sheep in group 2 were clinically normal throughout the experiment, but all of these animals also had elevated blood B1 concentrations and plasma CK activity at the 3 wk sampling. Plasma magnesium concentrations of group 1 sheep were elevated at the 2.5-3 wk and 6 wk samplings but they declined significantly (p less than 0.05) to low normal levels thereafter. Magnesium concentrations of group 2 sheep were low at the beginning but progressively increased during the course of the experiment. At necropsy, brain lesions suggestive of polioencephalomalacia (PEM) were observed in all sheep but were most marked in group 1. It is speculated that PEM may be caused by a direct toxic effect of S, S metabolites or B1 antimetabolites in the brain rather than by an in vivo B1 deficiency per se. 相似文献
11.
试验旨在探讨不同硒源对滩羔羊瘤胃前背盲囊乳头生长发育的影响。选50只体重相近、年龄相仿（约45日龄）、健康无病的公滩羔羊，随机分为2组，每组25只。其中，对照组日粮添加亚硒酸钠，试验组日粮添加酵母硒，2组日粮中硒含量均为0．30 mg／kg DM。试验羊饲喂60 d后，屠宰取瘤胃，应用游标卡尺分别测定2组羔羊瘤胃前背盲囊（瘤胃房）乳头高度、宽度和密度。结果表明，瘤胃前背盲囊乳头高度、宽度和密度均为试验组高于对照组。差异显著（P〈0．05）；瘤胃前背盲囊的角质层厚度和固有膜宽度为对照组稍高于试验组，但差异不显著（P〉0．05）。试验结果表明，日粮中添加0．30 mg／kg的酵母硒较亚硒酸钠更能促进瘤胃前背盲囊乳头的生长发育。 相似文献
12.
SUMMARY Polioencephalomalacia (PEM) induced in sheep was compared with the disease found in naturally occurring cases. Blood biochemical indicators measured were pyruvate, lactate, glucose, erythrocyte transketolase (TK) and stimulation of TK by addition of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP effect). Faeces and rumen contents were assayed for thiaminase activity. The effect of treating affected sheep with thiamine was also noted. It was found that amprolium treatment could induce thrombocytopenia, but once the sheep became accustomed to amprolium in the diet they seemed to be resistant to this effect. In sheep receiving amprolium significant weight losses preceded the onset of clinical signs. Further weight loss continued throughout the recovery period despite removal of amprolium from the diet and treatment with thiamine. Blood glucose was variable, and was elevated only when marked clinical signs were present. Pyruvate and lactate levels showed marked variation throughout the trial. TK values were depressed and TPP effects increased well before the onset of clinical signs, although some naturally occurring cases had normal levels. Faecal thiaminase activity was negligible in all the sheep on the amprolium trial but most field cases had a high level. High faecal thiaminase was observed in about 5% of clinically normal animals from affected flocks. Depression of erythrocyte TK activity coupled with the presence of faecal thiaminase appeared to be the most reliable diagnostic biochemical parameters for PEM. Treatment of PEM affected sheep with thiamine rapidly brought the biochemical status of the animals to normal. However where advanced brain lesions were present the damage was permanent and such sheep treated with thiamine remained partially decorticate. 相似文献
13.
中草药复合添加剂对羊瘤胃消化酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究自制中草药复合添加剂对绵羊瘤胃消化酶活性的影响,将60只4月龄健康杜寒杂一代绵羊随机分为4组进行试验,分别为公羊、母羊对照组(常规日粮),公羊、母羊试验组(常规日粮+中草药复合添加剂),试验期为45d。试验结束后取绵羊瘤胃液,分别测定瘤胃蛋白酶、羧甲基纤维素酶、α-淀粉酶活性。结果表明,该中草药复合添加剂对绵羊瘤胃蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶活性的影响均不显著(P>0.05),但显著(P<0.05)提高了绵羊瘤胃羧甲基纤维素酶的活性,且上述3种酶活性的变化均与绵羊性别无关。研究结果提示,该中草药复合添加剂能提高绵羊瘤胃羧甲基纤维素酶的活性,可促进饲草料中纤维素在羊瘤胃内的消化代谢。 相似文献
14.
15.
Two trials were conducted to evaluate effects of, and interactions between, level and source of fiber in the diet on ruminal environment, microbial protein synthesis, nutrient digestion and flow of digesta through the gastrointestinal tract of multiple-fistulated sheep (trial 1; 4 X 4 Latin square design) and on ruminal, digestive and metabolic characteristics of early-weaned lambs (trial 2; randomized complete block design; 3 periods). All diets tested were pelleted and were formulated to contain either 39% or 25% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), with corncobs or cottonseed hulls (CSH) as the major NDF (roughage) sources. In trial 1, dry-matter (DM) and organic-matter (OM) digestibilities were not different (P greater than .05) among treatments. Digestibility of NDF was higher (P less than .05) with high-fiber. Bacterial N synthesis (g N/kg OM truly digested) was not different (P greater than .05) among treatments. Molar proportion acetate was higher (P less than .05) and molar proportion propionate lower (P less than .05) when sheep were fed high-fiber diets. In trial 2, apparent DM digestibility was higher (P less than .05) for lambs fed diets containing corncobs. Energy digestibility was higher (P less than .05) at the low-fiber level and for lambs fed diets containing corncobs. Apparent NDF digestibility by lambs was higher (P less than .05) at the high-fiber level and for lambs fed diets containing corncobs. Nitrogen retained (percentage of N intake) was higher (P less than .05) for lambs fed diets containing CSH. Ruminal pH and molar proportion acetate were higher (P less than .05) and molar proportion propionate lower (P less than .05) for lambs fed high-fiber diets. Although responses to corncob vs CSH inclusion in high-energy pelleted diets differ, both roughages are effective as fiber sources in sheep diets. 相似文献
16.
N A Cole 《Journal of animal science》1992,70(9):2893-2900
An experiment was conducted to determine the influence of postfast dietary CP and P concentration on the repletion of N, P, Ca, and Mg lost during a 3-d fast in sheep. Four Suffolk wether lambs averaging 35 kg were used in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. Lambs were fed a control diet (700 g/d; as-fed basis) for 14 d and were then deprived of feed and water for 3 d. Lambs were then fed one of four isoenergetic realimentation diets: 1) low CP/low P, 2) low CP/high P, 3) high CP/high P, and 4) high CP/very high P. Realimentation N and Mg intakes were 9.8 and 1.1 g/d for lambs fed the low-CP diet and 18.1 and 1.7 g/d for lambs fed the high-CP diets, respectively. Realimentation P intakes were 1.40, 2.36, 2.66, and 3.82 g/d for lambs fed Diets 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Nitrogen, P, Ca, and Mg apparent digestibility and balance and serum urea N, free fatty acids, P, Ca, Mg, and alkaline phosphatase were determined during the prefast, fast, and realimentation periods. Lambs fed the high-CP diets had higher (P less than .05) N and P digestibility and balance than lambs fed the low-CP diet. Increasing the dietary P content did not affect (P greater than .15) P balance or digestibility. In general, the realimentation diet fed did not affect (P greater than .15) serum concentrations of free fatty acids, alkaline phosphatase, inorganic P, Ca, or Mg. 相似文献
17.
The deaths on nine farms of lambs which had been fed cow colostrum as a substitute for ewe colostrum were investigated. Of 105 lambs which received cow colostrum, 65 (61.9 per cent) showed clinical signs of anaemia and 42 (40 per cent) died. The signs of anaemia usually appeared when the lambs were between eight and 12 days old. The most significant post mortem finding was the appearance of the bone marrow which was cream or grey rather than the normal bright red. The types of treatment which were given are summarised. Whey from samples of the colostrum fed to the lambs was tested for its effect on sheep red blood cells. Haemolysis or agglutination of the red cells occurred with some, though not all, of the samples which caused anaemia. 相似文献
18.
Iqbal Z Sarwar M Jabbar A Ahmed S Nisa M Sajid MS Khan MN Mufti KA Yaseen M 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,144(1-2):125-131
Anthelmintic activity of condensed tannins (CT) was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro tests included egg hatch test and paralysis/mortality assay on adult Haemonchus contortus. In vivo anthelmintic effect was determined by faecal egg count reduction test in lambs. To this end, 18 lambs were divided into three groups (low tannin, high tannin and control). The lambs of low and high tannin groups were fed diets containing 2 and 3% CT while the control group was fed on diets without CT. In vitro trials showed a dose-dependent inhibition of nematode egg hatching; whereas, there was no effect of CT on adult H. contortus. In vivo trials indicated reduction in faecal egg counts in lambs fed diets containing CT. Feed intake and nutrient digestibility of CT-fed sheep was lower and nitrogen balance was higher as compared to control. Maximum weight gain was observed in animals fed diets containing 3% CT. The direct anthelmintic effect of CT, therefore, was evidenced by inhibited egg hatching; whereas, faecal egg counts reduction in sheep was through improved nutrient utilization. 相似文献
19.
The relative efficacy of thiamine supplementation to sheep by injection, subcutaneous implant and orally administered protected thiamine bolus was compared in two experiments using a grass and hay ration and a ration containing bracken rhizomes to induce thiamine deficiency. In both experiments, urinary excretion of thiamine was significantly higher in supplemented sheep than in the controls, and in sheep supplemented by injection than in sheep supplemented by implant or protected boluses. Thiamine excretion was lower in sheep fed the ration containing bracken rhizomes than in sheep fed the grass ration. 相似文献
20.
K W Thomas 《Veterinary research communications》1986,10(2):125-141
Three experiments were performed to examine for causes of poor growth of young Merino sheep. Weekly testing of animals 42 weeks of age for 10 weeks revealed that 90% of clinically poor animals were excreting high levels of thiaminase in their faeces; low levels of activity were present in 20% of clinically normal animals. There were significant differences in the mean erythrocyte transketolase activity of the thiaminase excreting poor animals and the thiaminase free normal animals. Other known causes of poor growth could not be demonstrated. Weekly monitoring of thiaminase activity in the faeces from 80 lambs 6 weeks of age showed 23% to be excreting significant levels of enzyme (greater than 3mUg-1 DM) throughout a 10 week test period. Mean growth rates of these lambs were significantly below those of lambs not excreting thiaminase or excreting low levels intermittently. Supplementation of thiaminase excreting lambs with intra-muscular injections of thiamine HCl was associated with a statistically significant improved growth rate (P less than 0.01) compared to unsupplemented sheep excreting thiaminase. Mean growth rates of lambs not excreting thiaminase on a continuous basis (sampled weekly) were the same with or without thiamine HCl supplementation. High thiaminase levels were found in the ruminal fluids of trial animals excreting the enzyme in their faeces, confirming this previously established association. Bacillus thiaminolyticus was isolated from faeces and ruminal fluids from clinically poor animals and is the most likely source of the thiaminase. Subclinical thiamine deficiency was indicated by low erythrocyte transketolase activities and elevated TPP effects and is proposed as the cause of the poor growth by the young sheep. 相似文献