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1.
为研究播期和播量对大麦新品种盐麦7号青贮原料产量和品质等的影响,设计2个播期(11月1日和11月10日)、3个播量(15.0、17.5、20.0 kg/667 m2),研究其对盐麦7号青贮原料农艺性状、产量、品质和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,与正常播期(11月1日)相比,晚播环境下(11月10日)冬前苗、干物质含量、粗淀粉含量显著下降,中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量及30 h中性洗涤纤维消化率显著上升;随着播量的升高,基本苗、冬前苗、有效穗数、株高、产量、籽粒产量显著上升,酸性洗涤纤维和30 h中性洗涤纤维消化率显著下降。总体来看,播期主要影响盐麦7号的青贮原料品质相关性状,播量主要影响盐麦7号的产量相关性状,盐麦7号在11月1日播种,播量20.0 kg/667 m2时可以获得较高的青贮原料产量和品质。 相似文献
2.
为研究头季水稻的刈割时间对青贮饲草产量、品质和再生稻产量的影响,以黄华占、渝香203和渝香优8133为材料开展大田试验,设置头季稻倒4叶期、倒2叶期和齐穗期3个刈割时间处理,分析各处理头季稻饲草产量、青贮饲草营养化学和饲用品质及再生季水稻产量表现。结果表明,头季全株青贮饲草产量和干饲草产量随刈割时间推迟呈显著增加趋势,至齐穗期达到最大值,各品种饲草产量由高到低分别为渝香优8133、渝香203、黄华占。推迟刈割时间,黄华占体外干物质消化率显著降低,而渝香203和渝香优8133呈增加趋势,至齐穗期达到51.3%～52.7%。推迟刈割时间,头季饲草粗蛋白含量呈降低趋势,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量先增加后降低,灰分含量呈增加趋势。再生稻产量表现为倒4叶期刈割处理最高,齐穗期刈割处理最低,各品种产量表现为渝香优8133>渝香203>黄华占。综上所述,如以收获再生稻稻谷为主,头季稻宜在倒4叶期刈割,如以提高饲草—再生稻两季总体效益为目标,头季稻宜在齐穗期刈割。 相似文献
3.
不同类型小黑麦饲草产量和品质特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在江苏生态条件下研究不同类型(饲草型、粮饲兼用型和粮用型)小黑麦品种饲草产量和品质特性,结果表明:①不同类型小黑麦随生育进程推移,植株鲜草产量和干草产量逐步上升,鲜草产量多数品种在开花达最大值,少数品种在孕穗期或籽粒形成期达最大值,干重产量至灌浆期或成熟期达最大值,品种间和类型间存在差异。②小黑麦冬前或籽粒形成期割青,鲜草产量显著高于大麦,在拔节期至开花期收割,产量相差较小。③不同类型小黑麦植株蛋白质含量开花之前呈下降趋势变化,积累量呈"S"型曲线变化,整个生育期植株蛋白质含量高于对照大麦品种,粮饲兼用型品种各生育期蛋白质积累量均高于对照。植株中性洗涤纤维含量随生育期推移呈先上升再下降或一直上升的变化趋势,积累量亦呈"S"型曲线关系。植株可溶性总糖含量随生育进程呈一直下降的变化趋势。④综合产量和品质表现,不同类型小黑麦饲用的价值存在差异,粮饲兼用型品种中饲237可于拔节期至孕穗期割青作青或干饲料;饲草型品种OH1881在越冬期、开花期收割作青或干饲料。 相似文献
4.
为探究适宜于高寒区青稞多元化利用最佳刈割留茬高度,以昆仑14号、昆仑18号和柴青1号为试验材料,以未刈割为对照(CK),于分蘖盛期开展不同留茬高度的刈割处理,探究留茬高度对青稞农艺性状、籽粒产量、饲草产量及营养品质的影响。结果表明,随着刈割留茬高度的降低,各青稞品种青苗饲草产量均呈逐渐增加的趋势;青苗中粗蛋白含量呈逐渐降低趋势,而纤维类物质含量呈逐渐升高的趋势,使青苗相对饲喂价值显著降低。各青稞品种秸秆饲草产量随刈割留茬高度的降低而降低,且降幅随留茬高度的降低而增大。刈割使青稞秸秆中粗蛋白含量增多,纤维类物质含量减少,相对饲喂价值升高。留茬8 cm有助于促进青稞穗部、茎部和根系的生长发育,使籽粒产量升高;留茬5 cm会抑制青稞各器官的生长发育,使籽粒产量锐减。各品种在留茬8 cm时综合经济产值最高,其中昆仑14号综合经济产值最高,为2.86×104元·hm-2。参试材料中,昆仑14号为高寒区最适用于粮饲兼用的青稞品种,8 cm为适宜于青稞饲草与籽粒兼收的最佳刈割留茬高度。 相似文献
5.
刈割高度对多花黑麦草新品种产量和品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨不同刈割高度对多花黑麦草新品种饲草产量和品质的影响,以2个多花黑麦草新品种为对象,采用5个刈割高度分别测定2个品种的鲜、干草产量、粗蛋白、可溶性碳水化合物(WSC)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和干物质体外可消化率(IVDMD)。结果表明:在65 cm时刈割,所获得的鲜、干草产量最高;随着刈割高度的增加,2个黑麦草品种的粗蛋白和可溶性碳水化合物含量呈抛物线趋势变化,在刈割高度为55 cm时达到最高值;中性和酸性洗涤纤维含量则随着刈割高度的增大逐渐增加;干物质体外消化率亦呈现抛物线的趋势,在刈割高度为65 cm时达到最高。2个品种的表现规律一致。 相似文献
6.
《中国麻业》2017,(3)
相对于饲用苎麻,纤用苎麻具有品种多、种植面积广等优势,因此开展纤用苎麻的饲草化研究可加快南方地区"麻改饲"的应用和推广。文章以纤用苎麻"中苎2号"为研究对象,通过调查研究不同高度处理下的生长性能、产量和饲用品质的变化,进而确定一年内不同时间段的饲草化的最佳刈割高度。主要研究结果如下:9月份之前,"中苎2号"旺长期的生长速率高于苗期,且呈现先增加后降低的趋势。年风干物产量和粗蛋白产量随着刈割株高的增加而增加,饲用品质和叶茎比随着刈割株高增加而下降。"中苎2号"在湖南长沙地区一年内不同时间段牧草化的最佳刈割株高为:3月6日~4月22日阶段建议为120~130 cm;4月23日~7月22日阶段为100~110 cm;7月22日~9月2日阶段为95~110 cm;9月3日~10月27日阶段可以在60~65 cm收获,如刈割期提前超过10 d,建议在90~100 cm左右刈割。 相似文献
7.
《中国麻业》2019,(4)
以"川饲苎2号"为材料,探索首茬刈割时期(以下简称"首刈期")及留茬高度对饲用苎麻产量、品质等的影响。结果表明:川饲苎2号首刈期从常规时期(70～80 cm)至延期20 d内,鲜草均具有较高的综合饲用价值(相对饲用价值RFV≥109.3,粗蛋白CP≥18.0%);延期30 d,其综合饲用价值大幅度降低。留茬15 cm处理的总株数(20.56万株/公顷)、出苗率(92.2%)最高,缺蔸率(5.0%)最小;留茬10 cm处理的鲜草产量(117.96 t/hm2)、干生物产量(16.36 t/hm2)、地下根茎生物量(17.47 kg)均最高;留茬0 cm处理的饲草产量低,其根蔸生长明显受到影响,不利于苎麻生长,缺蔸情况严重。 相似文献
8.
为寻求功能大麦优质高效生产技术,选用3个优质大麦品种为试验材料,研究了不同时间割苗对再生大麦农艺性状和生物产量及籽粒γ-氨基丁酸、总黄酮、生物碱及抗性淀粉含量的影响。结果表明,延迟割苗提高了干麦苗产量,但显著影响了再生麦的农艺和产量性状。除旗叶宽和茎粗外,割苗降低了再生麦的株高、节间总长度、旗叶长和穗长,显著降低了有效穗数、结实率、千粒重、秸秆产量和籽粒产量。再生麦的秸秆与籽粒产量以1叶1心和3叶1心两个阶段割苗最高,5叶1心期割苗最低,但5叶1心期割苗的干麦苗产量最高。在3叶1心前割苗,再生麦的籽粒功能成分(γ-氨基丁酸、总黄酮、生物碱及抗性淀粉)含量较高。 相似文献
9.
为探究新疆北部地区播期对青贮大麦产量、青贮原料品质和青贮品质的影响,以3个大麦品种(系)(垦啤麦13、P13-3和甘啤4号)为材料,分别于3月18日、4月2日、4月17日播种,对其青贮农艺性状、干草产量、青贮原料营养成分和青贮品质进行分析。结果表明,随着播期的推迟,青贮大麦生育期大幅度缩短,4月17日播种时生育期较3月18日缩短22~23 d。晚播会显著降低大麦干草产量,晚播(4月17日)时3个品种(系)干草产量比早播(3月18日)降低15.2%~24.2%,其中垦啤麦13降幅最大。推迟播种使垦啤麦13和甘啤4号茎、穗的干物质分配比例下降,叶的干物质分配比例上升。晚播使P13-3和甘啤4号洗涤纤维含量(中性和酸性)和粗脂肪含量分别显著上升和下降,显著降低P13-3的粗蛋白含量,提高甘啤4号可溶性碳水化合物含量。播期对青贮品质影响因品种(系)而异,晚播降低了甘啤4号青贮的pH值、氨态氮含量,提高乳酸含量,对其他品种(系)无显著性影响。总体来看,新疆青贮大麦在外界条件允许的条件下,应适当早播。 相似文献
10.
刈割对不同类型玉米再生分蘖及产量和品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以饲用玉米品种科多8号（多蘖多穗型）、普通玉米泰玉2号（多蘖单穗型）和郑单958（无蘖单穗型）为试验材料,研究了不同类型玉米在不同生育阶段刈割后再生分蘖的干物质积累产量及其对品质的影响。结果表明：拔节期刈割主茎后饲用玉米品种科多8号单株分蘖数有所增加,泰玉2号和郑单958单株分蘖数均降低;大喇叭口期刈割显著增加了科多8号和泰玉2号的单株分蘖数,降低了郑单958的单株分蘖数。拔节期和大喇叭口期刈割后3个品种分蘖的干物质积累量均表现为科多8号＞泰玉2号＞郑单958,并且3个品种均是大喇叭口期刈割处理＞拔节期刈割处理＞不刈割（对照）。刈割大大提高玉米子粒的粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量,改善了玉米子粒的品质,并且能够增加玉米鲜秸秆的产量,缓解了畜牧业饲料来源不足的问题。 相似文献
11.
In field experiments conducted over 2 years, triticale was compared with barley, bread wheat and oats for its dual-purpose (forage and grain) capability.
The effect of spring forage removal on grain yield ranged from small yield increases (in the triticale and barley genotypes that otherwise lodged) to a 53% decrease, and was dependent on species, genotype, stage of development when cut, and time for recovery before grain harvest. A key factor influencing grain yield after early cutting was the number of spikes that developed.
The complete types of triticale were better than the one substituted type tested for dual purpose but, as there is variability among them, selection for good mixed aptitude is possible.
The production of the best triticale averaged over 2 years 3 t of forage DM ha-1 (with 684 kg of crude protein ha-1 ) and then 4–3 t of grain ha-1 . In this instance, neither the grain yield nor the number of spikes per plant were reduced after clipping, in spite of the fact that the shoot apices were removed.
Plant height and lodging were reduced by a forage cut. In triticale, the number of days to heading was increased even more when the cut was late, but no effect was observed in barley. 相似文献
The effect of spring forage removal on grain yield ranged from small yield increases (in the triticale and barley genotypes that otherwise lodged) to a 53% decrease, and was dependent on species, genotype, stage of development when cut, and time for recovery before grain harvest. A key factor influencing grain yield after early cutting was the number of spikes that developed.
The complete types of triticale were better than the one substituted type tested for dual purpose but, as there is variability among them, selection for good mixed aptitude is possible.
The production of the best triticale averaged over 2 years 3 t of forage DM ha
Plant height and lodging were reduced by a forage cut. In triticale, the number of days to heading was increased even more when the cut was late, but no effect was observed in barley. 相似文献
12.
氮肥后移对江汉平原小麦籽粒产量及氮肥偏生产力的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以中筋小麦品种郑麦9023为试验材料,研究了氮肥后移对小麦籽粒产量、收获指数及氮肥偏生产力的影响。结果表明,底追比例为7：3,追肥时期由起身期后移至拔节期,籽粒产量及氮肥偏生产力均显著提高;底追比例为5：5,追肥时期由拔节期后移至旗叶露尖期,籽粒产量及氮肥偏生产力均显著降低,表明拔节期是追施氮肥的适宜时期。追肥时期同为拔节期,底追比例由3：7 调整至5：5,由5：5则调整至7：3,籽粒产量、收获指数、氮肥偏生产力均显著升高。总之,在本试验条件下,总施氮量为180kg•hm-2,底追比例为3：7、拔节期追肥的处理,成熟期籽粒产量最高,收获指数和氮肥偏生产力亦显著大于其他处理,是氮肥运筹的最优处理。 相似文献
13.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(3):284-294
AbstractThe agronomic and physiological effects of waterlogging in winter wheat were examined at four growth stages in the 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 seasons. In both seasons, the greatest yield penalties occurred by waterlogging at the tillering stage (10%–15% decrease), followed by the jointing stage; however, waterlogging at the grain filling stage had less effect on the yield. The lower grain yield caused by waterlogging at the tillering stage was primarily reflected in reductions in spike and grain numbers per m2. Waterlogging at the jointing and booting stages reduced grain weight through reduced dry matter translocation. In addition, waterlogging at the tillering stage significantly reduced chlorophyll content and thus photosynthetic capacity, resulting in a lower Fv /Fm ratio, apparent electron transport rate (ETR), effective quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII) and photochemical quenching (qP). However, waterlogging at the grain filling stage improved the leaf photosynthetic capacity and grain yield. We found that the tillering stage was most the susceptible to waterlogging in wheat; therefore, the maintenance of photosynthetic performance after anthesis could be a reasonable strategy for increasing grain yield. 相似文献
14.
为研究肥料运筹方式对不同用途大麦品种产量和品质的影响,以啤用大麦品种扬农啤7号和饲食兼用大麦品种扬饲麦3号为材料,分析4种肥料运筹方式对大麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量及麦芽品质的影响。结果表明,在中等偏上肥力的土壤上,扬农啤7号优质高产施肥方式为基施尿素150 kg·hm-2+复合肥375 kg·hm-2,苗肥施尿素75 kg·hm-2,拔节肥施尿素75 kg·hm-2+复合肥225 kg·hm-2,其产量水平在7 500 kg·hm-2左右;主要啤酒麦芽品质接近国标二级,可适当减少氮肥用量及提前施用拔节肥改善扬农啤7号籽粒的麦芽品质。无论哪种肥料运筹方式,扬饲麦3号的麦芽品质指标均达不到国家二级麦芽标准,该品种不适宜作为啤酒大麦原料种植,宜作优质高产饲食大麦种植,其较佳肥料运筹方式为基施尿素75 kg·hm-2+复合肥750 kg·hm-2,拔节肥施尿素112.5 kg·hm-2+复合肥375 kg·hm-2,其产量水平在8 000 kg·hm-2左右,籽粒蛋白质含量在14.0%左右。 相似文献
15.
The aim of the work was to study changes in the yield and nutritional characteristics of whole crop semi-leafless field pea over two growing seasons in the Po plain, Italy. Samples of two cultivars (Baccara and Sidney) were collected from flowering to grain maturity. The developmental stage, yield, dry matter (DM) content, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), starch, water soluble carbohydrates (WSC), gross energy (GE), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and the net energy for lactation (NEL) were determined at each harvest. The forage characteristics were regressed on the growing degree days (GDD) with 4.4 °C as the base temperature. The DM yield increased with advancing maturity from 0.5 to 8.91 Mg ha−1, while the CP decreased from 261 to 159 g kg−1 DM. During the whole growth cycle the GE, OMD, NEL and milk forage units (milk FU) were almost steady. No differences were observed between the cultivars for any of the measured parameters. At grain maturity, the crop produced over 4.0 Mg ha−1 DM of grain. The CP, starch and WSC of the grain did not show any differences between the cultivars or years. The data showed that the nutritive quality of the forage of the semi-leafless grain pea harvested as a whole crop for ensiling purposes did not diminish with maturity and could help improve the self-sufficiency of dairy farms, in terms of home-grown protein forages. 相似文献
16.
为了明确河北省限灌1水条件下推迟拔节水对小麦群个体结构和质量的影响,于2019-2020年以衡观35和藁优2018为供试材料,全生育期仅灌1水,设置3个灌水时期,分别在拔节期（T1）、拔节后6 d（T2）和拔节后12 d（T3）灌水60 mm,分析推迟拔节水后冬小麦个体结构、群体大小、冠层光分布、花后各叶层衰老以及产量的变化。结果表明,随灌水时期的推迟,两品种上三叶的长度和面积、穗长、株高、穗数、开花期至花后21 d的叶面积指数、冠层光合有效辐射总截获率以及旗叶层光合有效辐射截获率都呈降低趋势,但倒2叶及以下各层的光合有效辐射截获率呈上升趋势。T2和T3处理冠层中下部叶片受光条件的改善显著延缓了叶片SPAD值的衰退,T1处理的倒2叶SPAD值在花后21 d时开始显著低于推迟灌溉处理,倒3叶、倒4叶和倒5叶SPAD值均在开花期时已显著低于推迟灌溉处理,T1处理叶片的早衰使其LAI在花后28 d时低于T2和T3处理。最终T2处理依靠较优的冠层光分布和个体叶片质量获得了最高的籽粒产量,藁优2018的T3处理产量也显著高于T1处理,但衡观35的T3处理因穗数过少,导致产量低于T1处理。拔节后6 d灌溉同步提升了小麦群个体质量,是本试验条件下的最优处理。 相似文献
17.
淮北地区小麦超高产栽培适宜追氮时期研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为给淮北地区小麦超高产优质种植中合理施氮提供依据,以强筋小麦烟农19和中筋小麦皖麦50为材料,研究了超高产栽培条件下追氮时期对小麦产量、品质的影响。结果表明,在施纯氮307.5～322.5 kg·hm-2(其中有机氮37.5～52.5 kg·hm-2,化肥氮270 kg·hm-2)、基追比例为5∶5的条件下,烟农19和皖麦50的籽粒产量均以拔节期追施最高,产量分别达到9 497.10和9 857.55 kg·hm-2,以始花期追氮产量最低。粗蛋白、湿面筋含量、Z沉降值、形成时间和稳定时间等主要品质指标均随追氮时期推迟而提高,强筋品种烟农19在拔节期以后追氮的品质均能达到优质小麦标准(粗蛋白含量≥14%)。各氮肥利用参数基本以拔节期～孕穗期处理较高,追氮时期前移和后移均使各参数降低,拔节期～孕穗期处理与其他处理差异显著。综合两个年度的结果,淮北地区小麦实现高产、优质栽培的追氮时期以拔节期～孕穗期为佳,传统的氮素“一炮轰”运筹方式难以达到9 000 kg·hm-2的超高产水平。 相似文献
18.
Intercropped wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and bean (Vicia faba L.) as a whole-crop forage: effect of harvest time on forage yield and quality 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract Sole crops and intercrops of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and bean (Vicia faba L.), at three harvest dates, representing successive growth stages, were evaluated for biomass production of whole‐crop forage and quality characteristics of crude protein (CP), neutral‐detergent fibre (NDF), acid‐detergent fibre (ADF), water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations and ash content. These tests were carried out for two field experiments, respectively, drilled during the spring of 1997 and autumn of 1997 on Imperial College Farm, Wye, UK. Results indicated that optimum forage yield and quality were obtained from the second to third harvest dates for the spring‐drilled experiment and the second harvest for the autumn‐drilled experiment. Wheat and bean intercrops were higher in total forage dry matter (DM) yield than either wheat or bean grown as sole crops. Field bean intercropped with wheat led to increased forage quality (CP and NDF concentrations) compared with sole wheat, and higher WSC concentrations compared with sole bean. Intercrops also enhanced weed suppression compared with sole bean. It is suggested that winter wheat–bean intercrops may have considerable potential as a moderate‐yielding, relatively high‐quality, low‐input and environmentally benign forage crop with considerable potential with regard to yield and quality and warrant further study. 相似文献