共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
湿地松种子萌发对模拟水分胁迫的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)高渗溶液人工模拟水分胁迫,研究湿地松(Pinus elliottii)种子对水分胁迫的生态响应。结果表明:随着水分胁迫的加重,湿地松种子的萌发率、相对萌发率、发芽势、发芽指数、幼苗高度、根长与生物量等指标均呈现不同程度的下降趋势;通过建立水分胁迫与种子萌发率的回归方程,求解得出湿地松种子萌发的耐旱临界值是-0.68MPa,耐旱极限值是-1.14MPa;水分胁迫对湿地松种子萌发初期影响较大,会延迟其萌发时间,分别为1～8d不等;幼苗的根系在轻中度水分胁迫下生长较为稳定,表现出对干旱的适应性;水势为-0.8MPa时湿地松种子进入浅度休眠状态来适应干旱环境,通过建立水势与生物量的回归方程预测在-1.07MPa下湿地松生物量降至为0。 相似文献
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干旱胁迫对窄叶鲜卑花种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]研究干旱胁迫对窄叶鲜卑花种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,为野生种驯化和种群恢复提供参考。[方法]以窄叶鲜卑花种子为实验材料,采用不同浓度聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫环境,研究干旱协迫强度对窄叶鲜卑花种子的吸胀速率、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和种子抗旱萌发指数及幼苗生长情况的影响。[结果]随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,窄叶鲜卑花种子的吸水过程表现出急速吸水期、缓慢上升期和吸水平稳期3个阶段;其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和种子抗旱萌发指数及苗高、根长,苗重与胁迫强度均呈负相关;当PEG浓度达30%时,种子萌发完全被抑制。另一方面,种子群体萌动、萌发和出苗达50%所需时间随胁迫强度的增加而越发延迟,且各阶段对环境临界水势要求不同,出苗阶段最为严格,表明种子出苗过程对环境水分胁迫较为敏感,耐旱能力较弱。[结论]干旱胁迫显著抑制了窄叶鲜卑花种子的萌发和幼苗生长,也说明水分是窄叶鲜卑花种子萌发和幼苗形成的主导因素之一,在较干旱地区种植需要考虑水分的供给。 相似文献
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西鄂尔多斯4种荒漠植物种子萌发对水分条件的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了不同土壤水分处理对霸王、沙冬青、长叶红砂及蒙古扁桃这4种荒漠植物种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,土壤含水量显著地影响着种子萌发和幼苗生长。霸王种子在6%的土壤含水量下萌发率和萌发指数最高,活力指数和幼苗生物量也最大,幼苗生长良好。沙冬青种子在12%的土壤含水量、长叶红砂和蒙古扁桃种子在16%的土壤含水量下萌发和生长良好。种子萌发策略反映了物种对荒漠水分条件不同的适应机制,并影响种群的更新和扩展。 相似文献
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温度与水分状况对作物叶片水分能态的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在实验室条件下试验研究不同温度与水分胁迫对小麦和玉米幼苗叶水势及渗透势的影响结果表明，在一定温度时随土壤水势的降低，叶水势呈下降趋势；相同土壤水势条件下随温度升高，叶水势呈下降趋势。温度和水分状况对叶片渗透势的影响与叶水势不同，随温度升高和水分胁迫的加剧，叶片渗透势则呈先降后升趋势。通过对作物叶水势和渗透势变化幅度的比较，说明小麦的渗透调节能力和抗旱性能均大于玉米。对植物叶片水分水偏摩尔自由能（ΔG）、焓（ΔS）、熵（ΔH）计算与分析，初步从能量的观点证实作物在27℃左右温度时生长最佳。 相似文献
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干旱胁迫下聚丙烯酰胺浸种对谷子种子萌发及幼苗期抗旱性的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为探讨聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)浸种对谷子抗旱萌发的影响,本研究通过聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)浸种晋谷21种子,用18%的PEG 6000溶液模拟土壤干旱,研究了不同浓度的PAM溶液(0.1%、0.5%、1.0%、5.0%、7.0%、10.0%)浸种对干旱胁迫下谷子种子萌发及幼苗生长中各项生理指标的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫下的谷子发芽能力显著低于正常水分条件,幼苗中SOD、POD、CAT的活性、Pro、O2-以及MDA的含量均增加,但可溶性蛋白的含量降低;1.0%~7.0%的PAM溶液浸种可明显促进干旱胁迫下谷子种子的萌发和幼苗生长,有效提高幼苗活性氧清除系统中抗氧化酶的活性,增加渗透调节物质的含量,减少O2-和MDA的积累。综合分析,筛选出用于谷子浸种的最佳PAM浓度为5.0%。结果表明,适当浓度的聚丙烯酰胺浸种可缓解干旱胁迫对谷子萌发和幼苗生长造成的伤害,增强谷子的抗旱性,这为PAM在生产实践中的应用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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为探究干旱条件下玉米种衣剂功能助剂对玉米种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,将自行研制NA-MY助剂和种衣剂混合后对郑单958种子包衣,用15%PEG-6000溶液模拟土壤干旱环境,分别测定了干旱胁迫下比拌种衣剂单独包衣,以及NA-MY助剂和比拌种衣剂混合后包衣的玉米种子在萌发及幼苗生长中的各项生理指标。结果表明,干旱胁迫下玉米发芽能力显著低于正常水分条件,幼苗中SOD、POD、CAT活性,相对电导率和MDA含量均增加,但叶绿素a+b含量、类胡萝卜素含量和根系活力降低。NA-MY助剂与比拌种衣剂混合后包衣可显著促进干旱胁迫下玉米种子的萌发和幼苗根系生长,有效提高幼苗活性氧清除系统中抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化物的含量,减少电解质渗出率和MDA的积累。由此可见,应用NA-MY助剂包衣可以减轻干旱胁迫对玉米萌发和幼苗伤害,提高玉米抗旱性。本研究结果为NA-MY助剂在田间的应用提供了参考数据。 相似文献
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水分胁迫对银水牛果和沙棘叶水势日过程及水分利用效率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2009年7—9月,以盆栽3年生银水牛果(Shepherdiaargentea)和沙棘(Hippophaerhamnoides)幼苗为研究对象,设置正常供水、轻度水分胁迫、中度水分胁迫、重度水分胁迫四种供水水平,研究植物的叶水势日变化及水分利用效率的变化规律,从而确定银水牛果和沙棘的蒸腾速率和叶水势之间的关系以及水分利用效率与土壤含水量之间的关系。结果表明:随着水分胁迫程度的加剧两种植物叶水势逐渐下降;银水牛果和沙棘最适宜的土壤含水量分别为11.4%~17.06%和11.9%~17.17%。 相似文献
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6-BA对小麦幼苗抗旱性的影响 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
水分胁迫降低小麦幼苗的光合速率、叶绿素含量和叶水势,抑制ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶、超氧物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性,增加气孔阻力和丙二醛含量,并促进过氧化物酶活性。叶面喷施１０-5ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的６-ＢＡ可以阻止水分胁迫条件下小麦幼苗光合速率、叶绿素含量和叶水势的下降,提高上述四种酶活性,降低气孔阻力和丙二醛含量,从而减轻了水分胁迫下活性氧对膜的伤害,利于小麦幼苗抵御干旱的危害。６-ＢＡ的作用可能通过调节内源激素水平而实现 相似文献
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[目的]研究岳武高速公路填方边坡3种绿化灌木幼苗在不同土壤水分条件下的耗水特征及生长表现,为该地区边坡早期植被恢复和护坡植物维护提供参考。[方法]选取马棘、二色胡枝子、紫穗槐幼苗为试验材料,采用盆栽称重法测定其在不同土壤水分处理下〔田间持水量(FC)的30%~45%,45%~60%,60%~75%和75%~90%〕的阶段耗水特征及生长变化。[结果]3种灌木幼苗的日耗水变化曲线均呈单峰型特征,峰值出现在中午时分;月耗水量、总耗水量均随土壤含水量的升高而增大,且差异显著;不同水分条件下灌木幼苗的株高、地径、生物量增量差异显著,马棘长期处于30%~45%FC、二色胡枝子和紫穗槐长期处于30%~45%FC,45%~60%FC水分条件下其幼苗生长受到抑制;土壤水分含量对灌木幼苗的水分利用效率影响较大,75%~90%FC和30%~45%FC均会降低幼苗的水分利用效率。[结论]综合考虑灌木幼苗的耗水量及生长特征,认为马棘幼苗土壤含水量维持在45%~60%FC、胡枝子和紫穗槐维持在60%~75%FC时能够实现幼苗正常生长,同时又能实现水分的高效利用。 相似文献
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本文研究了不同土壤水分下小麦(小偃6号)幼苗出土及幼苗生长的变化,结果表明,轻微的土壤水分亏缺使根的伸长加快,根量增加;严重的土壤水分亏缺使根和幼苗生长受抑,干旱下根/冠比增大.土壤水势低于1.80MPa时,幼苗几平不能出土.土壤水势在-0.61MPa时,形成的苗既小又弱,形成弱小苗的原因是叶片光合能力下降、呼吸增加的结果.根据实验结果本文提出,小偃6号向较旱区推广是一慎重的问题. 相似文献
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Kourosh Delavar Hassan Zare-Maivan Mehrdad Behmanesh 《Journal of plant nutrition》2017,40(10):1475-1484
The effects of silicon on seed germination and growth parameters of maize seedlings under normal, aluminum (Al), and sodium chloride (NaCl) stress conditions were investigated. The results indicated a dose-dependent relationship between silicon and growth parameters, except for germination attributes.Application of silicon (2 mM) accelerated amylase activity, decreased abscisic acid content, and increased indoleacetic acid and gibberellic acid contents of seedling, The results suggest that the beneficial effects of silicon, at least in part, are mediated by the balance of phytohormones. Exposure to Al (10 mM) significantly decreased all growth parameters of maize seedlings. Application of 2 mM silicon, however, alleviated Al stress and restored almost all growth attributes. Decrease of Al absorption, increase of fructan content, and improvement of amylase activity were considered as the mechanisms of ameliorative function of silicon in Al-stressed maize seedlings. Exposure to silicon, however, did not show beneficial effects on growth parameters of maize seedlings under salt stress conditions. 相似文献
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Zinc‐biofortified seeds improved seedling growth under zinc deficiency and drought stress in durum wheat
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下载免费PDF全文 High zinc (Zn) concentration of seeds has beneficial effects both on seed vigor and human nutrition. This study investigated the effect of Zn biofortification on growth of young durum wheat (Triticum durum cv. Yelken) seedlings under varied Zn and water supply. The seeds differing in Zn concentrations were obtained by spraying ZnSO4 to durum wheat plants at different rates under field conditions. Three groups of seeds were obtained with the following Zn concentrations: 9, 20, and 50 mg Zn kg?1. The seeds differing in Zn were tested for germination rate, seedling height, shoot dry matter production, and shoot Zn concentration under limited and well irrigated conditions in a Zn‐deficient soil with and without Zn application. In an additional experiment carried out in solution culture, root and shoot growth and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) of seedlings were studied under low and adequate Zn supply. Low seed Zn concentration resulted in significant decreases in seedling height both in Zn‐deficient and sufficient soil, but more clearly under water‐limited soil condition. Decrease in seed germination due to low seed Zn was also more evident under limited water supply. Increasing seed Zn concentration significantly restored impairments in seedling development. Drought‐induced decrease in seedling growth at a given seed Zn concentration was much higher when soil was Zn‐deficient. Increasing seed Zn concentration also significantly improved SOD activity in seedlings grown under low Zn supply, but not under adequate Zn supply. The results suggest that using Zn‐biofortified seeds assures better seed vigor and seedling growth, particularly when Zn and water are limited in the growth medium. The role of a higher antioxidative potential (i.e., higher SOD activity) is discussed as a possible major factor in better germination and development of seedlings resulting from Zn‐biofortified seeds. 相似文献
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控释氮肥对水稻秧苗形态特征和生理特性的影响 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过种肥接触水稻育苗试验,比较秧苗叶片中几种酶活性和激素含量,探明接触性施肥提高肥料利用率的效应和机理,以确定控释肥在水稻育苗上的最佳施用量和施用方法。研究结果表明,水稻种子与大量控释氮肥接触的条件下仍能安全萌发,且用量为800 g/盘和1000 g/盘时能够明显促进水稻秧苗的生长发育;在同等施肥量的条件下,肥料在种子下方接触施用的方法最有利于秧苗的生长;控释氮肥用量为800 g/盘和1000 g/盘时,秧苗叶片中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和抗坏血酸-过氧化物酶(AsA-POD)活性高于常规尿素处理,而丙二醛(MDA)含量则低于常规尿素处理,这有利于促进水稻秧苗的生长;控释氮肥用量为1200 g/盘时,会导致叶片内的SOD、CAT和AsA-POD活性明显降低和MDA含量的相对增加;随控释氮肥用量的增加,秧苗叶片生长素(IAA)逐渐增加,但当达到1200 g/盘时,IAA含量突然增加;另外,氮素缺乏和过多都会诱导秧苗体内脱落酸(ABA)含量明显增加而不利于秧苗正常生长。 相似文献
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以采集于河西走廊中部荒漠边缘的苦豆子(Sophora alopecuroides L.)和披针叶黄华(Thermopsis lanceolate L.)种子为试验材料, 以不同渗透势PEG-6000 溶液模拟干旱条件, 研究了2 种植物种子萌发和幼苗生长对干旱胁迫的响应特征。研究结果显示, 随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧, 2 种植物种子吸胀速率、萌发率、萌发指数、活力指数、苗高、根长和组织饱和含水量等指标均表现出明显降低趋势, 而幼苗干重、根干重和根冠比均呈先升后降趋势。2 种植物种子萌发对干旱胁迫均较为敏感, 苦豆子和披针叶黄华种子能够萌发的最低渗透势阈值分别为-0.65 MPa 和-0.42 MPa。2 种植物因干旱胁迫未能萌发的种子复水后萌发率均较高。分析认为, 2 种植物种子萌发和幼苗生长对干旱胁迫的响应特征对幼苗的成功定植和种群的自然更新具有重要生态学意义, 但在人工栽培时保证土壤墒情应是保障建植成功的关键措施。 相似文献
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Three sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench] cultivars (Funk G522DR, SC283, and SC574) were germinated for 4‐days in sand and the isocitric lyase activity of the embryos was assayed. Glyoxysomal activities (nmol/g fresh weight/min) were: Funk G522DR (593.6), SC574 (117.6), and SC283 (6.5). Seed triglyceride contents were 26.96, 14.88, and 10.80 (μ triglyceride fatty acid/g fresh weight) for Funk G522DR, SC574, and SC283, respectively, with approximately 90% of the triglyceride being in the embryos which constituted 15–21% of the total seed weight. SC574 and SC283 are acid soil tolerant cultivars. Association of high glyoxysomal activity and very low amylase activity in SC574 and the reverse relative activities in SC283 explains the differences in growth of these two cultivars during the seedling impact phase under acid soil conditions. High glyoxysomal and amylase activities in acid soil sensitive Funk G522DR indicates that the acid soil response in juvenile sorghum seedlings is a multi‐factorial influence. 相似文献
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新疆棉花品种的耐盐性综合评价 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为了解北疆7种常用棉花品种的耐盐性,通过50、100和150mmol/L 3个NaC l浓度的胁迫处理,在棉花种子萌发阶段进行发芽势、发芽率的测定,在水培条件下对7个品种的生长势进行了比较,并采用隶属函数法进行耐盐性综合评价。根据耐盐性综合评价值得出供试7个棉花品种种子萌发阶段的耐盐性顺序为:新陆早10号新陆早13号新陆早12号新陆早17号新陆早31号新陆早26号新陆早18号;在幼苗生长阶段为:新陆早17号新陆早10号新陆早13号新陆早31号新陆早18号新陆早12号新陆早26号。由此可见,种子萌发阶段与幼苗生长阶段的耐盐性是不一致的,但新陆早10号在2个生长时期的耐盐性均表现较高,而新陆早26号则对盐害表现较为敏感。 相似文献
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Salicylic acid alleviates the toxicity effect of cadmium on germination,seedling growth,and amylase activity of rice 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy‐metal pollutant in the environment. Salicylic acid (SA) is an essential component of plant resistance to pathogens and also plays an important role in mediating plant responses to some abiotic stresses. In the present investigation, the potential effects of SA in alleviating Cd toxicity during seedling stage of rice were studied. Seeds of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Xiushui 11) were sterilized and divided into two groups. Half of the seeds were presoaked in 0.1 mM SA solution for 24 h, then both groups were allowed to germinate under various Cd concentrations for 7 d. Cadmium treatments caused a gradual decrease in vigor index, root length, α‐amylase activity, and the mitotic index of root tips. However, pretreatment with SA partially alleviated the negative effect of Cd on germination parameters and increased enzyme activity and mitotic index. Cadmium uptake by seedlings increased with increasing Cd concentration and followed Michaelis‐Menten kinetics. Salicylic acid pretreatment of seeds influenced the Cd level in the seedlings by decreasing Vmax. The results suggest that SA plays a positive role in rice‐seed germination and early seedling growth by protecting it against Cd toxicity. 相似文献