共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
黄土地区土壤类型和发育程度与土壤非代换性钾有关。本文初步研究了黄土地区主要土壤类型非代换性钾的变化。影响土壤非代换性钾含量和释放累积量的主要因素是土壤质地和有机质。粉砂粒、粘粒和有机质与非代换性钾呈正相关,而砂粒与非代换性钾呈负相关。土壤非代换性钾含量由北向南从66.71-84.62增到117.09-129.95mg/100g土;释放累积量由北向南从147.03-173.00增到251.18-346.08mg/100g土。说明黄土地区土壤非代换性钾的含量和释放累积量均从北向南逐渐增加。砂绵土和黄绵土,砂黑垆土和轻黑垆土的非代换性钾含量和释放累积量其剖面分布较均一;而粘黑垆土和黑(土娄)土的粘化层的非代换性钾含量和释放累积量高于耕作层和母质层,但因地形部位不同又存有一定差异。 相似文献
2.
黑垆土非代换性钾剖面分布特征的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文初步研究了黄土高原黑垆土主要亚类非代换性钾的变化、分布,表明其符合指数回归方程,是草原地带黑垆土主要特征之一。粘黑垆土剖面非代换性钾分布呈“S”型,是森林地带塿土向草原地带黑垆土、黑麻土和黑焦土过渡的森林草原地带的土壤,从形态上兼有塿土剖面非代换性钾分布某些特征,但量上有所差异。草原地带的墹地、沟掌地和川台地的黑垆土剖面非代换性钾分布具有森林草原地带黑垆土的特征。本研究从土壤非代换性钾剖面的变化为黑垆土分类和岩石地层的划分提供科学依据。 相似文献
3.
长期定位施肥对旱地黑垆土钾素空间分布及有效性影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对黄土高原长期定位施肥24年后土壤钾素的空间分布及其有效性进行研究。结果表明：不同施肥处理0-20cm土层各形态钾素含量均高于20-40cm的,施用化肥处理的非特殊吸附性钾除外,且60cm以下随土层深度不断加深,不同形态的钾素含量呈逐渐降低的趋势。长期施用化肥0-300cm土层中各形态钾素含量均表现出明显低于CK的趋势;长期施用有机肥或有机肥与化肥配施明显增加了各形态钾素含量,说明施用有机肥能维持黑垆土速效钾的平衡,缓解非交换性钾的下降趋势。相关分析表明,土壤速效钾与土壤中水溶性钾之间呈极显著相关,与非特殊吸附性钾呈显著相关,与特殊吸附性钾和非交换性钾无相关性。长期施肥可提高小麦植株的钾素吸收量,茎含钾量丰富,占总植株的36.67%,籽粒钾含量仅占植株钾总量的9.74%。 相似文献
4.
秸秆还田对水稻土黏土矿物组成和钾素释放的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
《土壤通报》2018,(6)
以湖北省武穴市和荆州市长期定位试验为对象,利用X射线衍射、选择性浸提以及室内模拟等方法,研究秸秆还田下水稻土中黏土矿物组合的差异及钾素的释放。结果表明,长期秸秆还田,土壤中伊利石和高岭石增加,蛭石和1.4 nm过渡矿物(HIV)减少;长期秸秆还田配施氮磷钾肥,土壤中高岭石、蛭石和HIV增加,伊利石和绿泥石减少。长期秸秆还田,土壤中全钾、非交换性钾和交换性钾含量均增加,且土壤各形态钾素与伊利石含量呈显著正相关,与高岭石和HIV含量则呈显著负相关。0.05 mol L~(-1)草酸浸提下,土壤钾素的释放量和释放速率较大,且随浸提次数的增加,钾素的释放速率逐渐降低并保持稳定。土壤钾素的释放量与土壤非交换性钾和全钾含量呈显著正相关,伊利石和HIV是影响供试土壤钾素释放的主要黏土矿物,且二者间存在相互转化的关系。长期秸秆还田可以增加土壤的供钾能力。 相似文献
5.
用平衡水气压法测定几种土壤对气态水的吸附量,进而推求吸附气态水的热力学函数。结果表明,土壤吸附气态水的机制类似BET多分子吸附。供试土样的实验最大平衡吸附量顺序:表土为黄泥巴>盐碱土>红油土>垆土>黑垆土;同一土壤不同层次为粘化层>表层。实验最大平衡吸附量与土壤阳离子代换量、比表面和物理性粘粒含量呈正相关。在含水量为5.3%时,几种土壤相对偏摩尔焓值顺序:表土为黑垆土>垆土>盐碱土>红油土;同一种土壤(黑垆土),表层>粘化层。相对偏摩尔自由能和熵的大小顺序基本与相对偏摩尔焓相同。土壤吸附气态水的相对偏摩尔焓、自由能、熵与土壤比表面呈反相关,相对偏摩尔焓与土壤阳离子代换量亦成反相关,并皆与温度有密切关系。 相似文献
6.
水旱轮作条件下不同类型土壤供钾能力及钾素动态变化研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
采用盆栽试验,研究了黑麦草-水稻轮作条件下不同类型土壤供钾能力及钾素动态变化,以期为土壤供钾机制研究及合理的钾素调控提供依据。结果表明：不施钾条件下（NP处理）,潮土上种植作物的生物量和吸钾量最高,黄褐土次之,红壤最低;施钾条件下（NPK处理）,3种土壤上种植作物的生物量无显著差异,作物吸钾量为黄褐土>潮土>红壤。整个轮作期,红壤、黄褐土和潮土NPK处理的作物生物量较NP处理分别增加55.6%、45.2%和23.2%,作物吸钾量分别增加368.8%、166.8%和74.5%。轮作前季（黑麦草季）,NP处理的3种土壤水溶性钾含量和交换性钾含量均降低,潮土非交换性钾含量明显降低,红壤和黄褐土非交换性钾含量在前期变化不大,中期有升高的趋势,后期显著降低;NPK处理的土壤钾含量均高于NP处理,且各种形态钾含量的变化趋势与NP处理基本相同。轮作后季（水稻季）,NP处理的3种土壤水溶性钾含量变化不大,交换性钾含量呈先降低后升高的趋势,非交换性钾含量呈先升高后降低的趋势;NPK处理的土壤交换性钾含量在水稻生长前期明显升高,中期下降,后期有略微上升,水溶性钾和非交换性钾含量有先升高后降低的变化趋势。综上所述,在不施钾条件下,轮作期内各土壤钾素消耗量较大,水溶性钾和交换性钾含量降低,并促进了非交换性钾的释放;施钾能提高土壤水溶性钾和交换性钾含量,并向非交换性钾方向转化,施钾对黑麦草和水稻有显著增产效果,可以有效地提高土壤供钾水平。 相似文献
7.
东北地区黑土、草甸土长期施钾对玉米产量及耕层土钾素形态的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
本试验研究了东北三省代表性的草甸土、黑土上连续13年施用钾肥对玉米产量和耕层土壤钾素形态的影响。结果表明,施钾可明显增加玉米产量,辽宁、吉林、黑龙江三个定位点NPK1处理分别较对照(NP)处理增产10.2%、13.6%、17.5%,但钾肥量增大(NPK2处理)产量没有表现出同步提高。施用钾肥可增加土壤水溶性钾、非特殊吸附钾、特殊吸附钾的含量和在全钾中的比例;施钾量增大,含量和比例随之提高,处理之间表现为NPK2NPK1NP。NPK2处理均与NP呈显著差异,两个土层表现基本一致,但在2040.cm土层下处理之间差距缩小。施钾总体增加了非交换性钾、矿物钾和全钾含量的同时降低了矿物态钾在全钾中的比例,三省试点的土壤表现基本一致。随土层加深,各点相应处理的不同钾形态含量和比例变化不尽相同。全钾在黑、吉、辽三点随土层深度的变化分别表现为降低、持平、升高。 相似文献
8.
吉林省主要耕作土壤中含钾矿物组成及其与不同形态钾的关系 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过化学分析 ,X-射线衍射及镜检法研究了黑土、白浆土、黑钙土等吉林省主要耕作土壤的含钾矿物组成及不同形态钾的含量。结果表明 ,土壤中的含钾矿物以含钾长石和伊利石为主 ,钾长石主要集中在土壤砂粒部分 ,伊利石主要存在于土壤的粘粒部分。土壤的含钾矿物总量约占土壤矿物总量的 1/ 3多些 ,比南方土壤高 ;缓效钾含量丰富 ,供钾潜力大 ;速效钾含量在黑土、黑钙土中较高 ,而在白浆土中稍低。 3种土壤的全钾量与含钾矿物总量、粘粒中伊利石含量与粘粒含钾量、伊利石含量与缓效钾量、细砂中含钾长石含量与细砂中全钾量、缓效性钾与速效性钾之间呈极显著或显著相关。 相似文献
9.
连续秸秆还田对水稻土中钾素形态的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
湖北省武穴市、荆州市和武汉市三个水旱轮作长期定位试验的基础上,研究了连续秸秆还田(三地秸秆还田时间分别为9、5和3年)对不同层次(0~20 cm和20~40 cm)土壤中各形态钾素(水溶性钾、特殊吸附钾、非特殊吸附钾、非交换性钾、矿物钾、全钾)的影响。结果表明:秸秆还田能显著增加0~20 cm土层中特殊吸附钾和非特殊吸附钾的含量,两者的增量分别为9.92%~138.35%和35.57%~143.79%,其中武穴试验点的增加效果相对最好。20~40 cm土层,各处理之间变化规律不明显。土壤全钾含量表现为武穴试验点最低(2.59~3.15 g kg~(-1)),与荆州和武汉试验点差异性较大(9.45~11.91 g kg~(-1))。武穴和荆州试验点供钾能力较低(速效钾含量100 mg kg~(-1)),武汉试验点供钾能力为中等(速效钾含量在100~150 mg kg~(-1))。矿物钾和全钾呈极显著正相关(武穴、荆州和武汉试验点的相关系数分别为0.994**、0.999**、1.000**),速效钾中各组分与速效钾的相关性在三个试验点存在差异,其中还田时间越长相关性越好。 相似文献
10.
四种常规方法提取伊利石有效钾的机制比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用化学分析、X射线衍射、中红外光声光谱以及原子力显微镜的方法,比较了0.2 mol L~(-1)四苯硼钠法、1 mol L~(-1)沸硝酸法、2 mol L~(-1)冷硝酸法和2 mol L~(-1)热盐酸法浸提伊利石中有效钾的机制。结果表明,四苯硼钠法浸提时,伊利石中钾素释放量达到全钾量的59.5%,且基本均通过层间交换反应予以释放,结构离子铁、铝和硅释放量极低;采用三种酸溶液浸提时,其钾素释放量仅占全钾量的1.53%~2.46%,通过层间交换反应释放的钾量占释放量的比例为88.4%~94.0%。四苯硼钠浸提时伊利石层间距扩大,产生次生过渡矿物,并形成富硅表层,但在伊利石表面无溶蚀特征;三种酸溶液浸提时伊利石结构无改变,但其结晶度降低,且表面有明显的溶蚀特征。因此,土壤矿物层间钾是作物可利用有效钾的主要来源,三种酸溶液浸提方法一方面低估了有效钾容量,另一方面提取了一部分不能为植物所利用的结构态钾,不适宜于用来评价伊利石及土壤有效钾库容量。 相似文献
11.
Significance of K-depletion in the rhizosphere and clay minerals for the release of nonexchangeable potassium and its determination with HCl Experiments were carried out with four different soils (basaltic soil, C-horizon of a keuper, sea alluvium, and a podsolic brown earth from loess) to investigate whether the fractions of exchangeable K and HCl-soluble nonexchangeable K are decreased in root vicinity by the K uptake of ryegrass (Lolium perenne). After a growth period of 70 days with five cuts distinct K depletion profiles were obtained showing that in the direct vicinity of the root the decrease in exchangeable K was the most pronounced. The K depletion in this fraction extended to 2 cm distance from the root zone. Also the concentration of HCl-soluble nonexchangeable K of the interlayers was decreased in root vicinity. It is assumed that the decrease in K concentration in soil solution is a prerequisite for the net release of interlayer K. The decrease in exchangeable K plus HCl soluble nonexchangeable K was equal to the amount of K taken up by the grass from the basaltic- and the alluvial soil. In the case of the podsolic brown earth and the keuper soil, however, much more K was taken up by the grass than was found in the decrease of exchangeable K plus HCl soluble nonexchangeable K. It is assumed that in these two soils the fraction of the HCl soluble K was more altered by the expansion of interlayers during the growth of rye-grass. The net release of interlayer K was neither related to the concentration of exchangeable K, HCl-soluble non-exchangeable K, the K fixation power nor the clay concentration. It is supposed that the net release of interlayer K also depends on clay mineral characteristics. 相似文献
12.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(17-18):2717-2726
Abstract Exchangeable potassium (K) is the readily available form but when this pool is not sufficient, plants must be supplied from less labile forms of this nutrient. In this study, the contribution of nonexchangeable K to plant nutrition and the uptake rate of this nutrient in successive harvests were investigated. A greenhouse experiment was performed sowing annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum sp) on four agricultural soils with a wide range in exchangeable K concentration. The soils were a) Acuic Argiudol, b) Entic Hapludol, c) Typic Argiudol (Ordoñez and M. Juarez). Five harvests were conducted resowing after each one. Soil K extractable with 0.01 M CaCl2, exchangeable and nonexchangeable K was determined. Plant analyses were conducted to asses total K. The highest nonexchangeable K contribution to the total K uptaken by plants (in percentage) was observed in the Acuic Argiudol soil due to its low exchangeable K concentration. For the Typic Argiudol soils, this contribution varied according to exchangeable K concentration (Ordoñez soil) or according to the clay content and the mineralogy (M. Juarez). For all soils, the highest plant uptake rate was for the first harvests corresponding to the uptake of soluble K and the K located in the most labile positions in the exchange complex. This fact is confirmed by the high correlation obtained between the uptake rate and the amount of K extracted with CaCl2 (p<0.05). For subsequent harvests, a progressive decrease of K uptake rate was observed. In the fifth harvest plant uptake mostly depends on the nonexchangeable K concentration (p<0.05). The Acuic Argiudol soil, presents a special behavior ? given that it reaches the minimum rate in the third harvest due to the low concentration of all K forms of this soil. 相似文献
13.
The distribution of available potassium in the profiles of synlithogenic volcanic soils of Kamchatka has been studied. Most of the soils in the Central Kamchatka Depression and the Western Kamchatka Lowland are characterized by a medium content of nonexchangeable potassium and a high content of exchangeable potassium. The soils of the east coast are less rich in potassium. The reserves of available potassium in the root layer of the virgin and cultivated soils of Kamchatka have been calculated. It is shown that differences in the reserves of potassium are related to different degrees of the soil tolerance toward the depletion of potassium and to the uneven application of potassium fertilizers. In most cases, soil cultivation is accompanied by a general rise in the reserves of available potassium with an increase in the portion of exchangeable potassium relative to its nonexchangeable forms. 相似文献
14.
珠江三角洲土壤钾素含量全钾平均1.68%,缓效性钾225ppm,速效性钾118ppm,在全省居中等水平.土壤有效钾含量不高.水平分布由三角洲前缘向顶部递减.水稻吸收缓效性钾越早,土壤供钾性能越差.水稻各生育期累积吸钾量变化呈开口向下的二次曲线,出现前轻、中重、后减弱规律.水稻中期吸钾越高,土壤供钾越好.土壤速效性钾变化呈开口向下的二次曲线,曲线变化越平缓,土壤供钾量越少.连续种植水稻吸钾总量占土壤有效钾贮量越多,供钾性能越差.粘质三角洲冲积潜育性水稻土,钾素的含量中上,土壤供钾性能好,早稻钾肥肥效不显著,晚稻极显著.粘质三角洲冲积沼泽性水稻土、粘质三角洲冲积盐溃强酸性水稻士钾素含量最高,但前者地下水位高,后者有酸害,影响水稻吸钾,钾肥肥效不显著.高度熟化粘质三角洲冲积潴育性水稻土等,土壤钾素含量,供钾性能较好,但生产性能高,需钾量大,钾肥肥效早晚稻极显著.沙质砖红壤性红壤潴育性水稻土,钾素含量和水稻吸钾量最少,供钾性能最差,钾肥肥效早晚稻十分显著. 相似文献
15.
黄土高原旱地连续施用锰肥的土壤效应研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用连续浸提形态分级方法，研究了连续施用锰肥17a后锰的土壤化学特性变化。结果表明：经过长期连续施用锰肥，土壤全锰和DTPA—Mn含量增加不多。土壤DTPA—Mn含量随试验时间的延长呈增加趋势，施锰土壤有效锰提高不多，土壤DTPA—Mn含量只增加了0．4～1．7mgkg^-1。土壤中的锰主要以矿物态存在，占土壤全锰含量的比例为87．3％～91.8％。碳酸盐态、氧化锰态和紧结有机态锰占全锰的比例相当，土壤中各形态锰按含量大致呈矿物态〉碳酸盐态〉氧化锰态〉紧结有机态〉松结有机态〉交换态的顺序。施入土壤的锰肥有91．1％～98．6％进入碳酸盐结合态、氧化锰结合态、紧结有机态和矿物态，只有很少一部分仍留在有效态锰库中。交换态和松结有机态锰对土壤锰的有效性起着主要作用，可以反映土壤锰的供给状况，碳酸盐态和紧结有机态锰不能反映土壤锰的有效性。 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(13-14):1983-1994
Berpura alluvial soil series of the Indo‐Gangetic Plains is situated in the Ambala District of the Haryana State of India. Soils of this series had medium concentrations of both potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) and large concentrations of sulfur (S) before 1970. To study different fractions of K, Olsen P, and 0.15% calcium chloride (CaCl2)–extractable (available) S of soils of the Berpura series and to create nutrient indexing of rice crops growing on this series, surface soil samples were collected from 100 farmers' fields after the harvest of the wheat crop in 2005. During kharif season of same year, samples of upper two leaves at anthesis growth stage of rice crop were also collected from the same 100 farmers' fields that had earlier been sampled for soil analysis. Analysis of soil samples showed more K depletion in soils of this series, of which 86% of farmers' fields were deficient in ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) K (available K). Thirty and 62% of leaf samples of the rice crop growing on the 100 fields of this series were extremely and moderately deficient in K, respectively. The mean values of water‐soluble, exchangeable, nonexchangeable, lattice, and total K were 10.6, 30.3, 390.0, 8204, and 8635 mg kg?1, respectively. In soils of this series, 0.123, 0.351, 4.517, and 95.009% of total K were found in water‐soluble, exchangeable, nonexchangeable, and lattice K forms, respectively. On the other hand, long‐term farmers' practice of more application of P fertilizer in wheat crop has resulted in P buildup in the soils of the Berpura series. Olsen P in soils of farmers' fields of this series ranged from 9.0 to 153.0 mg kg?1, with the mean value of 41.8 mg kg?1. Eighty‐two percent of leaf samples of rice crops grown on this series without application of P fertilizer were sufficient in P. The analysis of soil and rice crops for P and K proved the suitability of 0.5 M sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and 1 N NH4OAc for extracting available P and K, respectively, in alluvial soils of the Indo‐Gangetic Plains. The 0.15% CaCl2–extractable S in this soil ranged from 9.6 to 307 mg kg?1 with a mean value of 34.6 mg kg?1. Four and 26% of soil samples had low and medium, respectively, in 0.15% CaCl2–extractable S. S deficiency was recorded in rice crops, as 29% of the leaf samples were extremely deficient in S and 58% were moderately deficient in S. This indicated the unsuitability of the 0.15% CaCl2 to extract available S from the Udic ustochrept utilized for cultivation of rice crops. 相似文献
17.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(5):435-449
Abstract Literature dealing with general properties of soil K and with K relationships in Atlantic Coastal Plain Soils was discussed. Potassium, among major and secondary nutrient elements, is the most abundant in soils. It, among mineral cations required by plants, is largest in non‐hydrated size. Potassium has a polarizability equal to .88 Å3 and a low hydration energy of 34 kcal g?1 ion?1. The major K forms in soils are water soluble, exchangeable, nonexchangeable, and mineral. Various dynamic interrelationships exist between these forms with the reaction kinetics between the various phases determining the fate of applied K. Many Atlantic Coastal Plain soils contain high levels of total K. Most of the total K in these soils is contained in mineral forms such as micas and K‐feldspars. These K forms are slowly released to solution and exchangeable forms that are available to plants. Many researchers have noted a lack of crop response to K fertilization on Atlantic Coastal Plain soils. This lack of response has been ascribed to the high indigenous levels of mineral and non‐exchangeable K in the soils which would become available to crops. Some researchers have also attributed the lack of response to K accumulations in subsoil from leaching of applied K. If the physical and chemical conditions were favorable in the subsoil horizons, e. g., no pan formation and no severe Al toxicity, plant roots could absorb K from the subsoil horizons. 相似文献
18.
以全国第二次土壤普查资料为主要数据源,结合实地取样测定,比较分析了大兴安岭东南麓旱作丘陵区1981～2007年期间土壤肥力演变状况。结果表明,二十多年间耕地土壤养分含量发生明显变化。主要表现为:土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效钾含量明显下降,速效磷含量增加,但不同土壤类型的变化幅度不同;草甸土的有机质和全氮含量下降幅度大于暗棕壤和黑土,碱解氮含量在黑土中的下降幅度较大,暗棕壤次之,草甸土较低;暗棕壤中有效磷增加的幅度大于黑土和草甸土;速效钾在暗棕壤中下降的幅度最大,在黑土中下降的幅度最小;该区土壤中富含交换性钙、交换性镁、有效硫、有效硅等中量元素和锌、铜、铁和锰等微量元素;现有耕地约有87.2%的土壤缺硼,78.2%的土壤缺钼。 相似文献
19.
A. V. Litvinovich O. Yu. Pavolva A. I. Maslova D. V. Chernov 《Eurasian Soil Science》2006,39(7):785-791
The contents and distribution of water-soluble, exchangeable, and nonexchangeable forms of potassium have been studied in the profiles of sandy gleyic soddy-podzolic soils under forest, intensively used cropland, extensively used cropland, and a 20-year-old fallow. It is shown that soil cultivation leads to a rise in the concentration of mobile potassium compounds. The ratio between nonexchangeable and exchangeable forms of potassium also changes in the cultivated soil. Under the fallow, the restoration of this ratio to the values typical of the soil under natural forest cenoses takes place. Data on the mineralogical composition of the clay and colloidal fractions in the virgin and cultivated soils are presented. 相似文献