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1.
A retrospective analysis was done to assess the toxicity and efficacy associated with an alternating chemotherapy protocol of ifosfamide (375 mg m?2) and doxorubicin (30 mg m?2) for adjuvant treatment of 39 dogs with sarcomas. Twelve dogs had various soft‐tissue sarcomas and 27 dogs had hemangiosarcoma (HSA). Complete blood counts were evaluated 7 days after the first dose of ifosfamide and doxorubicin. One dog had grade 4 neutropenia (<500 µL?1) after treatment with ifosfamide and one dog had grade 3 neutropenia (500–1000 µL?1) after treatment with doxorubicin. One dog treated with doxorubicin was hospitalized for 24 h due to vomiting. The median survival time (ST) for the 27 dogs with HSA treated by surgery and with doxorubicin/ifosfamide was 149 days (mean 366 days). Although the protocol of alternating ifosfamide and doxorubicin was well tolerated, it failed to result in a statistically significant improvement in the ST when compared to a historical population of dogs with stage 2 splenic HSA treated by surgery alone.  相似文献   

2.
A retrospective study was performed to assess toxicity and response rate of ifosfamide salvage treatment for dogs diagnosed with metastatic osteosarcoma (OSA). Dogs diagnosed with OSA and previously treated with standard chemotherapy were included in the study. Nineteen dogs met the inclusion criteria, and 17 dogs were evaluable for response. Ifosfamide doses ranged from 375 to 425 mg m?2 (median dose 375 mg m?2), with a median of two doses administered per dog (range 1–7 doses). The overall response to ifosfamide was 11.8% [complete response (CR) = 1/17, partial response (PR) = 1/17, stable disease (SD) = 2/17, progressive disease (PD) = 13/17]. Two dogs were hospitalized due to ifosfamide toxicosis. The median survival duration from the first dose of ifosfamide to death was 95 days. Ifosfamide was well tolerated, but minor anti‐tumour activity was observed.  相似文献   

3.
The efficacy and toxicity of CCNU (1-[2-chloroethyl]3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea) were evaluated in 23 dogs with measurable mast cell tumors (MCT). Twenty-two dogs had cutaneous MCT and 1 dog had an intranasal MCT Nineteen (83%) dogs had biopsy of their original mass performed and 4 (17%) had aspiration cytology of masses. Of the 19 tumors histologically graded, 1 (5%) neoplasm was classified as grade I, 10 (53%) were grade II, and the remaining 8 (42%) were grade III. Dogs were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 90 mg/m2 body surface area every 3 weeks. Response could be evaluated in 19 dogs. Eight of the 19 dogs (42%) had a measurable response to CCNU. One dog had a durable complete response for 440 days. Seven dogs (37%) had a partial response for a median and mean duration of 77 days and 109 days, respectively (range, 21-254 days). Treatment with CCNU resulted in stable disease in 6 dogs (32%) for a median and mean duration of 78 days and 122 days, respectively (range, 42-347 days). The acute dose-limiting toxicity was neutropenia 7 days after administration of CCNU. The median and mean neutrophil counts 7 days after CCNU were 1,452 cells/microL and 1,683 cells/microL, respectively (n = 17). Other toxicoses were uncommon. CCNU should be considered an active agent in the treatment of MCT in dogs.  相似文献   

4.
Nine dogs with intermediate- or high-grade lymphoma were prospectively entered into a protocol to be given a total of 15 weekly doses of doxorubicin (10 mg/m2 of body surface, IV) in an attempt to eliminate all clinical evidence of neoplasia, with minimal risk of drug toxicity. Eight of these dogs did not complete the protocol because of progression of the disease. The median number of doses administered to dogs that developed progressive disease before the regimen was completed was 5 (range, 2 to 9). Seven dogs achieved partial (n = 5) or complete (n = 2) remission, with median duration of 14 days (range, 7 to 231 days). The dog that was given all 15 weekly treatments remained in complete remission for 231 days. Complete remission that lasted for 14 days was observed in another dog. Toxicosis developed in 3 dogs; signs of toxicosis were generally mild and included colitis (n = 1), vomiting (n = 1), neutropenia (n = 1), and lethargy (n = 1). The lowest neutrophil count (1,876 cells/microliter) was seen in one dog after 7 doses of doxorubicin were given. Doxorubicin at dosage of 10 mg/m2/wk appears to be safe, but is generally ineffective for treatment of lymphoma.  相似文献   

5.
Treatment options for dogs with metastatic (stage III) splenic hemangiosarcoma are limited. A doxorubicin‐based chemotherapy regimen is commonly administered; however, there are no published data to support this practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of maximum‐tolerated‐dose chemotherapy (MTD), metronomic chemotherapy (MC) and no adjuvant treatment on outcome in dogs with stage III splenic hemangiosarcoma undergoing splenectomy. Medical records of dogs with stage III splenic hemangiosarcoma that underwent splenectomy followed by MTD chemotherapy, MC or no adjuvant treatment were retrieved. Time to progression (TTP), survival time (ST) and toxicity were evaluated. One hundred three dogs were identified: 23 received adjuvant MTD, 38 MC and 42 were not medically treated. Overall median TTP and ST were 50 (95% confidence interval [CI], 39‐61) and 55 days (95% CI, 43‐66), respectively. Dogs treated with adjuvant MTD had a significantly longer TTP and ST compared with dogs receiving MC (median TTP, 134 vs 52 days, P = .025; median ST, 140 vs 58 days, P = .023, respectively). Dogs treated by splenectomy only had the shortest median TTP (28 days) and ST (40 days). However, treatment‐related adverse events (AEs) were significantly more frequent in the MTD group (P = .017). The outcome for dogs with metastatic splenic hemangiosarcoma is poor. While MTD showed greater efficacy compared to MC, toxicity was higher in this group. Treatment‐related AEs need to be carefully balanced against this modest survival prolongation when offering adjuvant MTD to dogs with advanced stage hemangiosarcoma.  相似文献   

6.
OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical activity and toxic effects of ifosfamide when used to treat cats with vaccine-associated sarcoma (VAS). ANIMALS: 27 cats with a nonresectable, recurrent, or metastatic VAS. PROCEDURE: Each cat received ifosfamide (900 mg/m(2) of body surface area) as an IV infusion during a 30-minute period. Diuresis by infusion of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution and administration of mesna were used to prevent urothelial toxicosis. Treatments were administered every 3 weeks, and tumor response was assessed after the second treatment. All ifosfamide-associated toxic effects were graded in accordance with predetermined criteria. RESULTS: 61 treatments were administered to 27 cats (median, 2 treatments/cat; range, 1 to 4 treatments/cat). After ifosfamide treatment, 1 cat had a complete response and 10 had partial responses for an overall response rate of 11 of 27 (41%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 25% to 59%). Responses lasted from 21 to 133 days (median, 70 days; 95% CI, 60 to 113 days). The acute dose-limiting toxicosis was neutropenia, which was detected 5 to 28 days (median, 7 days) after treatment. Median nadir neutrophil count was 1,600 cells/muL (range, 200 to 5,382 cells/microL). Nine (33%) cats had adverse gastrointestinal effects (primarily salivation during the ifosfamide infusion and inappetence after treatment). Two cats were euthanatized because of severe nephrotoxicosis, and 1 cat developed pulmonary edema during diuresis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ifosfamide has antitumor activity against VAS in cats and is tolerated well by most cats. Ifosfamide should be evaluated as an adjuvant treatment for cats with VAS.  相似文献   

7.
Fifteen previously untreated dogs with histologically confirmed, high-grade multicentric lymphoma were entered into a phase I study to evaluate combined doxorubicin and whole-body hyperthermia (DOX/WBH). Groups of three, four, and eight dogs were treated with whole-body hyperthermia and concurrent doxorubicin at 12 mg/m2, 24 mg/m2 and 30 mg/m2, respectively, after one doxorubicin induction dose at 30 mg/m2. Plateau temperature (42 +/- 0.1 degree C) was maintained for 90 minutes using a radiant heating device. A total of five DOX/WBH treatments per dog were planned, and these were given every 21 days. Treatment-related toxicity was not seen in the 12-mg/m2 doxorubicin dose group. Tumor progression prohibited administration of more than three DOX/WBH treatments to any dog in the 12-mg/m2 group. Premature ventricular contractions developed after the fifth treatment in one of the four dogs treated with 24 mg/m2 of doxorubicin. Two dogs (25%) in the 30-mg/m2 dose group had treatment-related toxicity. One dog experienced acute serious myelosuppression 1 week after the third treatment. This dog received all planned DOX/WBH treatments. Asymptomatic cardiac toxicosis consisting of decreased ejection fraction and fractional shortening developed in the second dog. This dog received only two DOX/WBH treatments. The three dogs treated at 12 mg/m2 had partial responses of short duration (60-83 days). Four dogs treated at 24 mg/m2 had complete responses for 150, 164, 186, and 200 days. Eight dogs treated at 30 mg/m2 had complete responses with a mean and median duration of 241 and 190 days, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

8.
Vincristine (VCR) and L-asparaginase (L-ASP) are commonly used to treat canine lymphoma. As single agents, these drugs are not myelosuppressive. However, in combination, VCR and L-ASP cause severe neutropenia in some dogs. It has been recommended that L-ASP be administered 12-24 hours after VCR to minimize toxicity. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence of neutropenia after VCR/L-ASP induction therapy for canine lymphoma and to evaluate risk factors for myelosuppression, especially the interval between VCR and L-ASP administration. Medical records of 147 dogs were reviewed. L-ASP was given 0 (n = 50), 6 (n = 23), 18 (n = 20), or 24 (n = 54) hours after VCR. Forty percent of the dogs were neutropenic 7 days after VCR/L-ASP, and 18% had neutrophil counts of <1,000 cells/microL. The median neutrophil count was 3,712 cells/microL (range 0-30,968 cells/microL). No correlation was found between administration interval and day 7 neutrophil count (P = .84) or development of gastrointestinal signs, including vomiting (P = .80), diarrhea (P = .52), and decreased appetite (P = .30). No significant predictors of neutropenia were identified. Higher clinical stage and substage b were associated with decreased appetite after treatment (P = .04 and .01, respectively). Sixteen percent of the dogs were hospitalized. This study demonstrates that VCR/L-ASP induction for canine lymphoma may result in neutropenia but that separation of VCR and L-ASP administration may not be necessary to avoid toxicity.  相似文献   

9.
Fifteen dogs with hemangiosarcoma were treated with a combination of vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide after incisional or excisional biopsy. The median survival for all fifteen dogs was 172 days (mean survival = 316 days). The median survival for those dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma was 145 days (mean survival = 271 days) as compared with previously published median survival times in dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma treated with surgery alone of 19 to 65 days. Toxicities included neutropenia (11/15), severe gastroenteritis (4/15), cardiotoxicity (3/15), and sepsis (2/15). The authors conclude that vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy may be an efficacious treatment modality in dogs with hemangiosarcoma and is associated with acceptable toxicity.  相似文献   

10.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate short-term adverse effects and determine a safe dosage for vinorelbine (Navelbine)--a new semisynthetic vinca alkaloid--in dogs with malignant tumors. Nineteen dogs were treated with vinorelbine as a 5-minute IV infusion every 7 days at starting dosages ranging from 10 to 20 mg/m2. The median number of treatments per dog was 7 (range, 1-11). The maximum tolerated dosage varied between 15 and 18 mg/m2, and a starting dosage of 15 mg/m2 is recommended. Neutropenia was the dose-limiting toxicity. Although efficacy was a secondary endpoint of this dosage-finding study, 2 dogs with metastatic bronchoalveolar carcinoma experienced a partial response for an overall response rate of 12.5% in 16 dogs with gross measurable disease. Three dogs with microscopic disease were treated (incompletely excised bronchoalveolar carcinoma or lymph node metastatic disease). Two died of pulmonary metastatic disease 113 and 196 days posttreatment, and 1 is still alive after at least 730 days. The well-tolerated toxicity profile and clinical activity observed in dogs with bronchoalveolar carcinoma warrants further investigation.  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Sixteen dogs with histologically confirmed appendicular osteosarcoma were treated by amputation followed by cisplatin and doxorubicin chemotherapy. All dogs began chemotherapy within 24 hours of surgery. Cisplatin was administered at 50 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) concurrent with saline-induced diuresis. Doxorubicin was administered 24 hours later at 15 mg/m2 as a slow IV bolus. This protocol was given on a 21-day cycle for 4 cycles. No dose delays were required, but dose reduction of doxorubicin was required in 2 dogs because of neutropenia. Thoracic radiography was performed every 2 months after completion of therapy to monitor for metastatic disease. Two dogs were still alive and free from disease at the time of last contact (24 and 75 months, respectively). Postmortem examinations were performed on 13 of the 14 dogs that died. Eight of these dogs were euthanized because of metastatic osteosarcoma. Of the remaining 5 dogs, euthanasia was performed because of complications of idiopathic megaesophagus (n = 1), arthritis (n = 2), and hemangiosarcoma (n = 2). The median disease-free interval and survival times were 15.7 and 18 months, respectively. When compared to a historical group of 36 dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma treated with surgery and 4 doses of cisplatin. both disease-free interval and overall survival were significantly longer in the study population (P < .015 and P < .007, respectively).  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate response rate and duration of malignant melanomas in dogs treated with carboplatin. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 27 client-owned dogs with spontaneously occurring measurable malignant melanomas. PROCEDURE: Records of dogs with melanomas treated with carboplatin from October 1989 to June 2000 were reviewed. Carboplatin was administered IV at doses of 300 or 350 mg/m2 of body surface area. Response to treatment and evidence of drug toxicity were determined. RESULT: Response to treatment could be evaluated in 25 dogs. Of those, overall response rate was 28%. One dog had a complete response, 6 (24%) dogs had a partial response (> 50% reduction in tumor burden). Median duration of partial response was 165 days. Eighteen dogs had stable disease (n = 9; 36%) or progressive disease (9; 36%). Response to treatment was significantly associated with carboplatin dose on a milligram per kilogram basis (15.1 mg/kg 16.9 mg/lb] of body weight vs 12.6 mg/kg [5.7 mg/lb]). Evidence of gastrointestinal toxicosis could be assessed in 27 dogs. Mean body weight of 5 dogs that developed gastrointestinal toxicosis was significantly less than that of 22 dogs without gastrointestinal toxicosis (9.9 kg [21.8 lb] vs 19.3 kg [42.5 lb]). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Carboplatin had activity against macroscopic spontaneously occurring malignant melanomas in dogs and should be considered as an adjunctive treatment for microscopic local or metastatic tumors. Gastrointestinal toxicosis was associated with body weight. Because small dogs are more likely to have adverse gastrointestinal effects, gastrointestinal protectants should be considered for these patients.  相似文献   

14.
Paclitaxel (Taxol) was administered to 25 dogs with histologically confirmed malignant tumors at a dosage of 165 mg/m2 i.v. over 3-6 hours every 3 weeks. Dogs received premedication with antihistimines and corticosteroids to reduce hypersensitivity reactions. However, 64% of the dogs still experienced allergic reactions. Six dogs (24%) had grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, 6 dogs (24%) required hospitalization and 3 dogs (12%) died of sepsis. Five dogs (20%) had a partial response (osteosarcoma [2 dogs] mammary carcinoma [2 dogs] and malignant histiocytosis [1 dog]) for a median duration of 53 days. The overall toxicity was unacceptable at the 165 mg/m2 dose. Therefore, subsequent evaluations of paclitaxel in tumor-bearing dogs should a starting dose of 132 mg/m2 i.v. every 3 weeks.  相似文献   

15.
BACKGROUND: Gemcitabine has been shown to be effective as a single agent in a variety of tumors including nonHodgkin's lymphoma. Its use in veterinary medicine has been limited and to date this drug has not been used as a first-line therapy in dogs with lymphoma. HYPOTHESIS: Gemcitabine as a single agent may be efficacious in dogs presented for the first time with lymphoma. ANIMALS: Twenty-four dogs with spontaneously occurring lymphoma. METHODS: All dogs were clinically staged and given gemcitabine at 400 mg/m(2) over a 30-minute intravenous infusion weekly for 3 weeks and then given 1 week off treatment before starting a second cycle. RESULTS: A single dose of gemcitabine lowered both neutrophil count (decrease in mean neutrophil count from 10,640 cells/ microL to 3,140 cells/microL) and platelet count (decrease in mean platelet count from 201,290 cells/microL to 139,190 cells/microL) 7 days after administration. Consequently gemcitabine dosage was reduced at the second treatment in 8 of 21 dogs or a dose delay of 1-7 days and a reduction of dosage was used in 7 of 21 dogs. Seven dogs completed the assigned 4-week cycle. Two of these dogs had progressive disease and 5 had stable disease. No objective responses were seen in dogs treated with a second cycle of gemcitabine. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Gemcitabine administration as a single agent resulted in hematologic toxicity and did not reduce lymphoma burden. If gemcitabine is to be used in veterinary medicine, additional prospective pharmacologic studies should be done to determine the appropriate dosage, regimen, and schedule of use before it can be recommended for use in the treatment of dogs with lymphoma as a single agent.  相似文献   

16.
One hundred seventy-nine tumor-bearing dogs were treated with 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) between 1995 and 2001. CCNU was given as a single dose of 50-110 mg/m2 body surface area PO. Treatment interval varied, but the minimal interval between CCNU doses was 3 weeks. After treatment, 11 dogs (6.1%) developed hepatic toxicity. The median number of CCNU doses and the median total cumulative CCNU dose were significantly higher in dogs that developed hepatic toxicity (4 doses; 350 mg/m2) than in dogs without hepatic damage (3 doses; 230 mg/m2). Median duration to detection of hepatic toxicity from the last dose of CCNU was 11 weeks (range 2-49 weeks). Common biochemical abnormalities were abnormally high serum liver enzyme activities and hypoalbuminemia. Six dogs with CCNU-associated hepatic toxicity had ascites, and 3 dogs had concurrent pleural effusion. Serum concentrations of bile acids were abnormally high in 4 of 5 dogs tested. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided liver biopsies were performed in 10 dogs, and findings were nonspecific and chronic in nature. Seven dogs were euthanized because of progressive liver failure, and their median survival from diagnosis of liver disease was 9 weeks. Three dogs died of other causes and 1 dog of unknown cause. Although clinical signs resolved in 3 dogs, biochemical abnormalities and histopathologic lesions persisted 4 to 38 months from the time of diagnosis of liver disease. Our findings suggest that CCNU can cause delayed, cumulative dose-related, chronic hepatotoxicity that is irreversible and can be fatal.  相似文献   

17.
BACKGROUND: Pleotropic-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated resistance is the usual cause of relapse in dogs with lymphoma. 1-(2-chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosurea (CCNU) and 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1-triazeno)-imidazole-4-carboxamide (DTIC) are alkylating agents that are not affected by P-gp and lack cross-resistance to each other. A combination protocol offers the advantage of improved summation dose and synergistic activity. HYPOTHESIS: A combination of CCNU and DTIC that is well tolerated can be used to treat dogs with lymphoma that developed resistance or failed to respond to previously administered chemotherapy. ANIMALS: Fifty-seven dogs with lymphoma that were resistant to treatment with standard chemotherapy (L-CHOP; L-asparaginase, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone). METHODS: Prospective phase I and II trials were performed. CCNU was given PO immediately before a 5-h IV infusion of DTIC. Concurrent antiemetics and prophylactic antibiotics were used. Treatments were administered every 4 weeks. RESULTS: Based on the results of 8 dogs in the phase I study, CCNU at 40 mg/m(2) PO combined with DTIC at 600 mg/m(2) IV was used to treat 57 dogs with resistant lymphoma. Thirteen (23%) dogs had a complete response (CR) for a median of 83 days and 7 (12%) had a partial response for a median of 25 days. The median L-CHOP CR duration of the dogs that did not respond to CCNU-DTIC was significantly longer than that of the dogs that did achieve remission with CCNU-DTIC (225 days versus 92 days, P= .02). The principal toxic event was neutropenia; the median neutrophil count 7 days after treatment was 1,275 cells/microL. Increases in alanine transaminase activity, possibly associated with hepatotoxicity, were detected in 7 dogs. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: A combination of CCNU and DTIC can be an effective option to rescue dogs with resistant lymphoma.  相似文献   

18.
The study reported here was undertaken to determine the nephrotoxicosis associated with the administration of cisplatin, an antineoplastic agent, to dogs when administered during 6-hour saline solution diuresis. Cisplatin (70 mg/m2 of body surface, IV, every 21 days) was given to 61 dogs with malignant neoplasia with a total of 185 doses in 1 (n = 9 dogs), 2 (n = 26 dogs), 3 (n = 4 dogs), 4 (n = 9 dogs), 5 (n = 2 dogs), and 6 (n = 11 dogs) treatments. The cisplatin was given over a 20-minute period after 0.9% NaCl solution (saline solution) was administered IV for 4 hours at a rate of 18.3 ml/kg of body weight/h. After the cisplatin infusion, saline solution diuresis was continued at the same rate for 2 hours. Before each treatment with cisplatin, dogs were evaluated with at least a physical examination, CBC, determination of serum urea nitrogen concentration, and in most cases, determination of serum creatinine concentration and urine specific gravity. Four of the 61 dogs (6.6%) developed clinically evident renal disease after 2 (1 dog), 3 (2 dogs), and 4 (1 dog) doses of cisplatin were administered. Three of the 4 dogs had preexisting disease of the urinary tract prior to the start of treatment. The survival time in dogs that developed renal disease (median, 145 days; range, 15 to 150 days) was similar to that of all dogs in this study (median, 154 days; range, 30 to 500 days), with 13 dogs still alive at the conclusion of the study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

19.
During a 6-year period, primary (idiopathic) immune-mediated thrombocytopenia was retrospectively evaluated in 30 dogs. Ages of the dogs ranged from 3 months to 10 years (median 4 years); female dogs were markedly overrepresented with 73%. Clinical examination revealed hemorrhages in 70% of the dogs. Platelet counts ranged from 0 to 111,000/microL (median 8000/microL); 77% of the dogs had platelet counts <30,000/microL. Seventeen dogs were anemic (hematocrit 9% to 36%; median 31%). Immunosuppressive therapy was performed in all but one dog. The recurrence rate of 19 dogs that were followed over an extended period (112 to 1684 days; median 340 days) was 26%. Twenty-nine (97%) dogs survived 14 days after initial presentation, and 27 (93%) dogs survived at least the following 15 to 1684 days (median 220 days).  相似文献   

20.
Background: Metronomic chemotherapy with alkylating agents has been shown to suppress tumor angiogenesis and prevent tumor recurrence in some settings. The use of adjuvant lomustine (1‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐3‐cyclohexyl‐1‐nitrosourea) administered in a metronomic fashion has not been evaluated in dogs. Hypothesis: Oral metronomic administration of lomustine will be well tolerated in dogs with spontaneously occurring malignant neoplasms. Animals: Eighty‐one dogs with naturally occurring primary or metastatic tumors received metronomic administration of lomustine. Methods: Dogs were enrolled prospectively after cytological or histological diagnosis of a tumor that was unresectable, incompletely resected, refractory to chemotherapy, or metastatic. Dogs received once daily lomustine (2.84 mg/m2 PO). End points of the trial were clinical, hematologic, or biochemical evidence of toxicosis, tumor progression, or death. Results: Starting dosage (median) was 2.84 mg/m2 PO daily and treatment duration was 98 days (median, range, 1–770 days). The drug was discontinued in 22 dogs because of toxicoses. Toxicoses occurred in 13 dogs with gastrointestinal toxicosis, 4 dogs with thrombocytopenia, 3 dogs with increased alanine transaminase, 1 dog with neutropenia, and 1 dog with progressive azotemia. Eight dogs developed some degree of azotemia during treatment. Hepatotoxicosis was observed at a median of 265 days in 11 dogs. Thrombocytopenia was identified at a median of 432 days of administration. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: In dogs with metastatic or terminal neoplasms without renal compromise, metronomic administration of lomustine was well tolerated. This can provide a treatment strategy for dogs that do not have other standard‐care treatment options, and warrants evaluation in primary therapy.  相似文献   

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