共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 312 毫秒
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作者于1983年开始将以葡萄糖—钠泵学说为理论的口服补液盐(ORS)技术引入我国畜牧兽医领域,经过几年的临床研究;先后在防治犊牛、猪、雏鸡和犬的腹泻脱水等获得86～98.7％的成功率。健康绵羊ORS液吸收实验和与静脉输液、口服蒸溜水吸收比较实验证明,ORS液的各种成分在服后2小时内,不仅能被胃肠粘膜吸收,极显著改善红细胞压积(P<0.01),而且初步观察到促水分吸收的葡萄糖—钠泵现象。 相似文献
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Numerous infectious diseases caused by bacteria or viruses persist in developed and developing countries due to ongoing transmission among wildlife reservoir species. Such diseases become the target of control and management programmes in cases where they represent a threat to public health (for example rabies, sylvatic plague, Lyme disease), or livestock production (for example bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, pseudorabies), or where they threaten the survival of endangered animal populations. In the majority of cases, lethal control operations are neither economically feasible nor publicly supported as a practical means for disease management. Prophylactic vaccination has emerged over the last 15 years as an alternative control strategy for wildlife diseases, mainly driven by the success of widescale oral rabies vaccination programmes for meso-carnivores in North America and Northern Europe. Different methods have been trialled for the effective delivery of wildlife vaccines in the field, however oral vaccination remains the most widely used approach. Successful implementation of an oral wildlife vaccine is dependent on a combination of three components: an efficacious immunogen, a suitable delivery vehicle, and a species-specific bait. This review outlines the major wildlife disease problems for which oral vaccination is currently under consideration as a disease management tool, and also focuses on the technological challenges that face wildlife vaccine development. The major conclusion is that attenuated or recombinant live microbes represent the most widely-used vaccines that can be delivered by the oral route; this in turn places major emphasis on effective delivery systems (to maintain vaccine viability), and on selective baiting systems, as the keys to wildlife vaccine success. Oral vaccination is a valuable adjunct or alternative strategy to culling for the control of diseases which persist in wildlife reservoirs. 相似文献
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为了解双黄连口服液在使用过程中的安全性,参照《兽药注册资料汇编》中兽药急性毒性试验指导原则的要求,选用小白鼠进行急性毒性试验。小白鼠的最小致死量、半数致死量测定结果显示：双黄连口服液对小白鼠最小致死量范围为49．2～60．8g／b,相当于禽临床用量的111．8—138．2倍,说明双黄连口服液临床应用具有一定的安全性。 相似文献
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建立了烯丙孕素口服液中烯丙孕素含量测定的高效液相色谱分析方法及样品前处理方法。采用正相高效液相色谱法,前处理溶剂为异丙醇-正己烷(5:20),色谱柱为ZORBAX CN C18柱(250×4.0 mm,5μm),流动相正己烷-异丙醇(98:2),流速1.0 mL/min,柱温35℃,检测波长235 nm。该方法中烯丙孕素的定量限浓度为804.9 ng/mL,线性范围为0.401~0.601 mg/mL,平均回收率为100.3%,该方法前处理简单、准确度高,可适用于该制剂中烯丙孕素的定性定量测定。 相似文献
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Skinner MA Keen DL Parlane NA Hamel KL Yates GF Buddle BM 《Research in veterinary science》2005,78(3):1-236
Possums are a wildlife vector of bovine tuberculosis in New Zealand. Vaccination of possums with BCG is being considered as a measure to control the spread of bovine tuberculosis to cattle and deer. Delivery via oral bait is feasible but BCG is degraded in the stomach. The aim was to determine whether ranitidine (Zantac) would reduce gastric acidity and enhance the efficacy of intragastrically administered BCG. A dose of 75 mg reduced gastric acidity for at least 4 h. Thus, possums were vaccinated intragastrically with BCG after receiving 75 mg ranitidine or ranitidine or BCG alone, as controls, before challenge with virulent Mycobacterium bovis. Proliferative responses of blood lymphocytes to M. bovis antigens after vaccination were significantly higher in possums given ranitidine/BCG compared to controls and seven weeks after challenge they had significantly lower lung weights and spleen bacterial counts than ranitidine alone controls. Vaccination with BCG alone only gave a reduction in loss in body weight. Agents that reduce gastric acidity may be useful in formulating BCG for oral bait delivery to wildlife for vaccination against bovine tuberculosis. 相似文献
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口服补液盐防治家畜应激作用的初步实验研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过口服补液盐(ORS)对地塞米松驴应激模型防治作用实验,初步证明ORS有防治应激作用。为了更进一步证实其作用,进行了ORS防治4次猪运输和3次羊运输应激实验,结果证明予饮ORS液比常水对猪运输应激发病率减少了10％～18％,发病死亡率减少了0～23.1 ％;对羊发病率减少了4.6％～6％。运输前和运输后2个月称重表明,猪羊饮ORS液较常水具有增重快的趋势。 相似文献
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Castro LJ Sahagún AM Diez MJ Fernández N Sierra M García JJ 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2009,180(3):389-395
The pharmacokinetics of doxycycline were investigated in sheep after oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) administration. The IV data were best described using a 2- (n = 5) or 3- (n = 6) compartmental open model. Mean pharmacokinetic parameters obtained using a 2-compartmental model included a volume of distribution at steady-state (Vss) of 1.759 ± 0.3149 L/kg, a total clearance (Cl) of 3.045 ± 0.5264 mL/kg/min and an elimination half-life (t1/2β) of 7.027 ± 1.128 h. Comparative values obtained from the 3-compartmental mean values were: Vss of 1.801 ± 0.3429 L/kg, a Cl of 2.634 ± 0.6376 mL/kg/min and a t1/2β of 12.11 ± 2.060 h. Mean residence time (MRT0−∞) was 11.18 ± 3.152 h. After PO administration, the data were best described by a 2-compartment open model. The pharmacokinetic parameter mean values were: maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), 2.130 ± 0.950 μg/mL; time to reach Cmax (tmax), 3.595 ± 3.348 h, and absorption half-life (t1/2k01), 36.28 ± 14.57 h. Non-compartmental parameter values were: Cmax, 2.182 ± 0.9117 μg/mL; tmax, 3.432 ± 3.307 h; F, 35.77 ± 10.20%, and mean absorption time (MAT0–∞), 25.55 ± 15.27 h. These results suggest that PO administration of doxycycline could be useful as an antimicrobial drug in sheep. 相似文献
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D. Kirchner L. Schwedhelm M. Coenen L. Bachmann 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2014,199(2):251-257
The incorporation of oral rehydration solutions (ORS) into ‘milk meals’ is potentially an effective, time-saving method of treating diarrhoeic calves. Although milk-based ORS are effective in improving the hydration and acid–base status of healthy calves, this effect remains to be confirmed in dehydrated/diarrhoeic animals. In this study, six experimentally-dehydrated calves were fed with either milk replacer (MR) or an ORS prepared in either water (WORS) or MR (MORS). In one experiment, calves were not treated and blood samples were taken before and after feeding. Parameters of hydration status were determined and blood gas analysis was performed.Plasma volumes increased significantly following the intake of a ‘fluid meal’ whereas they remained constant in the absence of treatment. The rate of plasma volume expansion was reduced by the feeding of MR relative to WORS or MORS. In dehydrated calves, the expansion of plasma volume was more pronounced following the intake of WORS but the increase was less and plasma osmolality increased significantly following the ingestion of MORS. The acid–base status of animals improved as a result of fluid absorption, but this effect was less obvious as the experimental protocol resulted in severe dehydration and moderate acidosis. Feeding hypertonic MORS raised the plasma osmolality in dehydrated calves, and may increase the risk of hypernatraemia in diarrhoeic calves, which should therefore have ad libitum access to water when undergoing treatment with hypertonic ORS. Further research is planned to assess whether feeding ORS reconstituted in milk or MR combined with ad libitum access to water offers a practical treatment for diarrhoeic calves. 相似文献
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[目的]为了减轻支原体肺炎对肉牛的危害,寻找最佳的治疗方案。[方法]:我们采用"板蓝口服液"对80头有严重感染的西门培尔牛分了组进行治疗试验:第一组为10头空白对照,第二组10头采用板黄口服液按0.4mL/kg体重给药,每日2次连用7d,第三组60头采用阿其霉素0.25×5支,地米10mg,生理盐水250mL,结果表明:第二组治疗有效的90%治愈率80%,第三组80%治愈率70%,第一组自愈率是70%,死亡率是20%,差异显著(p0.01)。[结论]板黄口若悬河服液对支原体引起的肺炎有良好效果。 相似文献
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Quercetin, one of the most abundant flavonoids in plants, is discussed with respect to health-promoting effects like antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. Although most claims regarding biological effects of flavonoids are based on in vitro and ex vivo studies, the use of flavonoid-containing supplements in humans and companion animals has increased in recent years. Flavonoid-containing supplements are also offered for pet and livestock nutrition. However, any systemic effect of a substance within a living subject depends on its bioavailability. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to gain information on the oral bioavailability of quercetin in horses. Four Icelandic horses with a mean body weight (BW) of 315 ± 25 kg (mean ± standard error [SEM]) were fed a test meal (crimped oats 1 g/kg BW) with the addition of quercetin (20 mg/kg BW). Blood samples were collected directly from the jugular vein before and after ingestion of the test meal for 24 hours, and flavonoid content was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Quercetin was the main metabolite in plasma with intact flavonol structure after β-glucuronidase/sulfatase treatment of blood samples. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve of quercetin accounted for 88% of total flavonols. Forty-seven percent of the quercetin detected in plasma after ingestion of the test meal was not conjugated. In addition to quercetin, the quercetin derivatives isorhamnetin (methylated) and kaempferol were detected in plasma. Although quercetin is orally bioavailable in horses, similar to other monogastric species, the plasma metabolite pattern differs from those found in species investigated previously (rat, dog, pig, and human). 相似文献
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Anna Tell Agneta Egenvall Torbjrn Lundstrm Ove Wattle 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2008,178(3):405
Oral soft tissue ulcers are common disorders of horses, but it is unclear if their prevalence is increased by riding horses with a bit and bridle. Oral examinations were performed on 113 horses and ponies, all which had received routine dental floating, that were divided into four groups depending on when they had last been ridden with a bit and bridle. The subjects comprised: group 1, a randomly selected population of ridden horses; group 2, a group of horses examined after being rested at pasture for 5 weeks; group 3, the previous group following 7 weeks of riding with a bit and bridle, and group 4, brood mares that had not been ridden for at least 11 months. Lip and intraoral soft tissue lesions were recorded at seven pre-determined locations, with lesions classified as large or small; acute or chronic.The examinations showed that horses that were currently being ridden with a bit and bridle had a significantly higher prevalence of large and acute buccal ulcers opposite the maxillary Triadan 06 teeth and of the commissures of the lips, as compared to horses that were not being currently ridden. It was concluded that using a bit and bridle can cause oral ulceration even in horses that have regular prophylactic dental floating. It is suggested that riding tack should be individually fitted for each horse and also that prophylactic dental treatments should be individually adapted for each horse. 相似文献