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1.
This article provides the reader with an appreciation of the diverse elements that go into a buy-sell, affiliation, or merger situation for veterinary practices. In the changing market place of American veterinary medicine, old paradigms no longer hold comfort. The generational differences are briefly explored herein as well as the new economic realities. A few examples are offered to illustrate just how much variability exists in the current business of veterinary medicine and the subsequent practice transitions needed to enhance value. Functioning models are explored, as well as affiliation and merger options. Practice valuation is discussed in general terms, referencing the cutting-edge factors. The six-point summary provides almost all practices a solid operational base for daily operations and succession planning.  相似文献   

2.
The prevalence of antibodies against Bordetella bronchiseptica and canine parainfluenza-2 virus (CPiV-2) was investigated in a population of 302 pet dogs in Sweden. Sera were analysed for B bronchiseptica-specific immunoglobulin G by means of an ELISA, and for CPiV-2 specific neutralising antibody by means of a haemagglutination inhibition test. B bronchiseptica had a seroprevalence of 22 per cent and CPiV-2 had a seroprevalence of 28 per cent. The two pathogens did not appear to circulate together. The crowding of dogs together was significantly associated with the seroprevalence of CPiV-2, but not with the seroprevalence of B bronchiseptica. The dogs' ages, gender or their Fédération Cynologique Internationale breed group affiliation was not correlated with the seroprevalence of either pathogen.  相似文献   

3.
Microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained peripheral blood smears collected from three naturally infected dogs originating from Turkey revealed the presence of large (around 4.5-5.0 microm) intraerythrocytic Babesia parasites in all dogs. DNA was extracted from the three infected blood samples and an around 410 bp portion of the 18S rDNA gene of Babesia species was PCR amplified for subsequent molecular characterization. RFLP analysis of the PCR products suggested the presence of the species B. vogeli in all infected dogs and sequencing of the PCR products from two of the three samples revealed 100% identity among the two Turkish isolates. Comparisons with the equivalent 410 bp portions of the 18S rDNA gene of Babesia species confirmed the affiliation of these isolates to the B. vogeli species. This is the first report and molecular characterization of dog infection with a large Babesia species in Turkey.  相似文献   

4.
The present work describes the detection and first molecular characterization of Babesia vogeli in dogs, naturally infected in Brazil and even in South America. Microscopic examination of Giemsa-stained peripheral blood smears collected from dogs originating from four different locations in Brazil revealed the presence of large Babesia merozoites and trophozoites (>2.5 microm). DNA was extracted from infected blood samples and PCR amplifications of the 18S rDNA were carried out. As a reference, DNA from an isolate of B. vogeli originated from Egypt was used. PCR products were purified and sequenced. The DNA sequences demonstrated 100% identity among the Brazilian isolates. Comparisons with the 18S rDNA sequence of the B. vogeli isolate from Egypt and with other B. vogeli sequences from Spain, France, Japan, Australia and South Africa confirmed the affiliation of all Brazilian isolates to the species B. vogeli.  相似文献   

5.
The aim of this study was molecular identification of S. aureus strains isolated from mastitic milk samples and establishing the genetic relationship between strains isolated from cows belonging to the same herd. In all 43 isolated strains the gap gene (930 bp) was amplified, which enabled their affiliation to the Staphylococcus genus to be established. PCR-RFLP with AluI endonuclease of the gap gene as well as nuc (450 bp) and coa (1130 bp) gene amplification allowed precise S. aureus species identification. One hundred percent of the genetic relationship between strains was established via RAPD-PCR and coa-typing.  相似文献   

6.
Species of the genus Syphacia are considered to have generally co-evolved with their rodent hosts. This study determined partial sequences of the CO1 gene from several species in the genus Syphacia and discuss the relationships between pinworms and their hosts. Syphacia montana, which parasitizes Microtinae, was closely related to S. frederici and S. obvelata, which parasitize Murinae. Although both S. obvelata and S. ohtaorum parasitize rodents in the genus Mus, these two species were not found to be closely related to each other. Syphacia frederici, S. emileromani and S. agraria are all pinworms of the Apodemus species, but genetic affiliation between these three species was not indicated. These facts suggest that the co-evolutionary relationship between species of the genus Syphacia and their host rodents may not so strict and host switching has probably occurred during the course of evolution.  相似文献   

7.
Few physiological parameters for positive human-companion animal contact have been identified and those that are established have all been in humans. The implication is that if the physiological reactions are mutual, dogs would experience the same psychological benefits from these neurophysiological changes as humans. Therefore, we have determined the role of certain neurochemicals during affiliation behaviour on an interspecies basis. Our results indicate that concentrations of beta-endorphin, oxytocin, prolactin, beta-phenylethylamine, and dopamine increased in both species after positive interspecies interaction, while that of cortisol decreased in the humans only. Indicators of mutual physiological changes during positive interaction between dog lovers and dogs may contribute to a better understanding of the human-animal bond in veterinary practice.  相似文献   

8.
Fossil evidence indicates an association between human beings and animals dating back at least half a million years. Today, this relationship remains strong, as evidenced by millions of visits to zoos annually, high rates of pet ownership, and the economic prosperity of the pet industry. A review of the literature indicates that human-animal interactions can remarkably enhance human physical health and psychological well-being. Yet despite reported benefits and public enthusiasm for animal-related activities, human affiliation with animals and nature is rapidly on the decline largely owing to a shift toward industrialized city living. Future research should not only continue to examine the mental and physical health implications of companion animal ownership, but also the ways to most successfully incorporate them into modern lifestyles and communities.  相似文献   

9.
A review on classical swine fever (CSF) research and vaccine production is given about four historical periods (1924-1948, 1949-1969, 1970-1991, since 1992). Similar as to research on foot and mouth disease, applied topics as diagnosis, pathogenesis, epidemiology and control represented the CSF research over many years. The development of vaccines and application procedures, e.g. oral and aerogenic immunisation and combined vaccines for large pig farms were the prominent investigations between 1950 and the middle of 1980s. After being reduced in the first years after affiliation to the Federal Research Centre for Virus Diseases of Animals, CSF is one of the main topics of the research on the Isle of Riems, not at least because nowadays the German National Reference Laboratory for CSF was established on the Island.  相似文献   

10.
Pelvic limb lameness that was localized clinically to the lateral gastrocnemius head was observed in dogs without history of trauma. The aim of this retrospective study was to describe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of this condition. Nine dogs were identified, eight Border Collies and one Australian Shepherd. They all had chronic pelvic limb lameness; no signs of joint effusion or instability were present. In MR images there was high signal intensity in the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle around the sesamoid bone in T2‐weighted, T2*‐weighted, and STIR images and an iso‐ to mildly hyperintense signal in T1‐weighted images with marked contrast enhancement. The abnormal signal intensity most likely represents a myotendinous strain. The breed affiliation to Border Collies is striking, and a relation to biomechanical forces or motion pattern may be possible. Except for the dog with the most extensive lesion all dogs had an excellent outcome.  相似文献   

11.
Adenoviruses are frequent infectious agents in different poultry species. The traditional, serological typing of new isolates by virus neutralisation tests is now in transition to be replaced by PCR and sequencing. The first PCRs, recommended for the detection of adenoviruses, had been designed to target the gene of the major capsid protein, the hexon. In birds, members of three different genera of the family Adenoviridae may occur. Accordingly, three specific hexon PCRs had to be elaborated for the detection of adenoviruses in poultry. A significantly more sensitive PCR, targeting the viral DNA-dependent DNA polymerase gene, has been described recently. This method proved to be an efficient alternative for the general detection of adenoviruses irrespective of their genus affiliation. Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs), isolated from chicken to date, comprise twelve serotypes classified into five virus species (FAdV-A to E). The polymerase gene sequence has been determined yet only from three FAdV types representing three species. In the present work, the panel of polymerase gene sequences was completed with those of the rest of FAdVs. The newly determined sequences will facilitate the identification of new FAdV isolates as an existing species or as a putative new FAdV. Once the polymerase sequence is known, more specific PCRs for the amplification of the hexon and other genes can be designed and performed according to the preliminary species classification.  相似文献   

12.
Post-recovery wolf management remains controversial. In Michigan, dialogue centers on hunting wolves but controversy may be more nuanced than simple pro- or anti-hunting positions. Social identity may cause stakeholders to organize in groups and identity differences may be driving controversy. To explore stakeholder disagreement over wolf management, we conducted semi-structured key informant interviews (n = 21) about identity and stewardship in August–September 2012. Four overarching identity themes emerged regarding: (a) management objectives, (b) focal levels, (c) control methods, and (d) justifications for methods. Themes indicated two main researcher-defined identity groups. Interviewees from both groups identified six common stewardship themes: (a) bequest values, (b) ecosystem health, (c) education, (d) existence values, (e) pride in natural resources, and (f) sustainability. Findings suggest stakeholders may be conflicting over opposing identities vis-à-vis organization affiliation, which may be related to what management strategies individuals oppose. Establishing common stewardship objectives through established participation methods may help alleviate controversy.  相似文献   

13.
OBJECTIVE: To determine disorders associated with vacuolar hepatopathy (VH), morphologic hepatic and clinicopathologic abnormalities, and affiliation with steroidogenic hormone excess in dogs. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. Animals-336 dogs with histologically confirmed moderate or severe VH. PROCEDURES: Information on signalment, results of diagnostic testing, definitive diagnoses, and exposure to glucocorticoids (ie, exogenous glucocorticoid administration or high endogenous concentrations of steroidogenic hormones) was obtained from medical records. Dogs were grouped by underlying disorder, glucocorticoid exposure, acinar zonal distribution of lesions, and histologic severity. RESULTS: 12 disease groups (neoplastic, acquired hepatobiliary, neurologic, immune-mediated, gastrointestinal tract, renal, infectious, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, portosystemic vascular anomaly, adrenal gland dysfunction, and miscellaneous disorders) were identified. There were 186 (55%) dogs with and 150 (45%) dogs without evidence of glucocorticoid exposure. Acinar zonal distribution of hepatic vacuolation and clinicopathologic values did not differ between dogs with and without evidence of glucocorticoid exposure. However, a 3-fold increased likelihood of severe VH was associated with steroidogenic hormone exposure. Of 226 dogs with high serum alkaline phosphatase activity, 102 (45%) had no evidence of glucocorticoid exposure. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that neoplasia and congenital or acquired hepatobiliary disease are common in dogs with VH and provide support for the suggestion that VH, high alkaline phosphatase activity, and illness-invoked physiologic stress may be associated. Histologic confirmation of VH should initiate a diagnostic search for a primary disease if glucocorticoid treatment and hyperadrenocorticism are ruled out.  相似文献   

14.
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15.
Objective To describe management practices and routine preventive care of aged horses in Queensland, Australia, including effects of owner characteristics, affiliation to an equestrian group and retirement of the horse. Methods Owners of horses were contacted via Equestrian Australia (EA) and asked to complete a questionnaire about their aged horses (e.g. age, breed, sex and colour); their use and management, including preventive health care; and use of equine healthcare providers. Results Horses aged 15 years or greater represented one-third of the total horses owned in the population sample. The median age of the horses was 20.7 years (range 15–44 years). Basic husbandry and preventive health care varied depending on demographic region, age of the horse and its use. Affiliation with EA was associated with the breed and use of the horse, but not with management or preventive health care other than frequency of hoof care visits. Retired horses had reduced basic husbandry and preventive health care compared with non-retired horses. There was reduced preventive health care in rural compared with urban areas. The majority (61%) of horses in the current study had not been visited by a veterinarian in the previous 12 months. Conclusion Aged horses constitute a large subgroup of the Australian horse population. Although basic management is at a high level for most aged horses, it appears to be reduced following the horse's retirement and in the more rural areas. There was limited veterinary involvement in preventive healthcare strategies for aged horses, especially in rural areas.  相似文献   

16.
为筛选促进干旱胁迫下无芒雀麦种子萌发的最佳外源褪黑素(MT)处理方法,本研究以不同浓度(0～200μmol·L-1)的MT分别对无芒雀麦种子浸种处理12 h,24 h和48 h,探究处理浓度与浸种时长对干旱胁迫(23％PEG-6000)下种子萌发的影响.结果表明,外源MT显著影响干旱胁迫下无芒雀麦种子的萌发指标,隶属函...  相似文献   

17.
葛鹏飞  党亚男  吕萍  杨洵  罗海燕 《草业科学》2017,34(12):2591-2602
在草原畜牧业产业链的建设过程中,构建稳定、和谐、有效的产业链利益联结机制,是产业链有效运行的必要前提和重要支撑。基于此,对新疆、内蒙古、青海及甘肃的四大典型草原牧区利益联结主体牧户、合作社和龙头企业进行了实地问卷调查,运用结构方程模型对其产业链利益联结机制的影响因素进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,行为表现、畜产品物流特征和合作意愿对产业链利益联结机制有显著的正向影响;经营状况并不能直接影响其产业链的利益联结,而是通过其他3条路径间接影响产业链的利益联结机制;主体的行为表现可以直接和间接影响彼此间的利益联结,畜产品物流特征对于彼此间合作意愿影响是微乎其微的;产业链主体的发展状况、契约关系、分销渠道以及合作预期的认知分别是经营状况、行为表现、畜产品物流特征和合作意愿中对利益联结机制影响最为显著的因素。  相似文献   

18.
Since 1994, the domestic poultry in Pakistan has experienced several outbreaks due to avian influenza viruses of subtypes H7N3, H5N1, and H9N2. This paper reveals horizontal contacts and potential risk factors for the spread of avian influenza infection between open-sided chicken farms in Kamalia, a sub-district of Punjab province. Between April and June 2009, an interview-based questionnaire was administered to a sample of 78 growers. The survey identified the following potential biosecurity risks for outbreak propagation: i) short buffer distances between farms, ii) disposal of carcasses and other organic wastes into the environment, iii) entry of feral birds into poultry sheds, iv) visits of poultry farmers to possible cross-contamination sites, v) absence of boundary walls, vi) incomplete biosecurity on high-risk visitors (i. e. those going inside the poultry houses), essential vehicles and equipment used by vaccination crews vii) visits of intermediaries and service providers and, viii) sharing of egg trays between farms at production. For most of the variables, there was no significant difference between the broiler and layer type of farms (p < or = 0.05). The risk of an extensive outbreak in Kamalia was concluded to be due to its high poultry density, ubiquitous small-scale, market-oriented poultry production with medium to low biosecurity, and the affiliation of the farmers to multiple service providers. To reduce the risk of having an outbreak, farm-specific biosecurity gaps should be identified and appropriate action taken to close these gaps. Improvement in biosecurity and targeted surveillance are therefore considered critical to limit the spread of infection should an outbreak occur.  相似文献   

19.
Riemerella columbina (RC) and Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) belong to the genus Riemerella within the family Flavobacteriaceae. While RA is a well-described pathogen of waterfowl and other avian species, only little is known about RC. Previous work reporting the isolation of RC from internal organs of clinically diseased pigeons suggested a potential pathogenic role in this avian species. In this study we examined pharyngeal swabs collected from pigeons and found RC to be widely distributed also among healthy birds. Further characterization of 81 RC-isolates revealed several atypical strains, which differed from all previously described RC-isolates by the lack of aesculin-hydrolysis activity (17 isolates) or by expression of yellow or orange pigmentation (6 isolates). Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA and outer membrane protein A (ompA) gene supported the affiliation of these strains to the species RC. Aesculin-hydrolysis negative isolates were found to be biochemically indistinguishable from RA. We demonstrated that bacterial fingerprinting using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI–TOF MS) analysis is useful for the identification and differentiation of RC and RA.  相似文献   

20.
1. Two lines of commercial hybrid layers (Tetra and ISA Brown) were reared from hatch to 30 weeks of age in groups of 8. The objectives of the experiment were to evaluate the significance of the different selection practices involved in the development of the lines and to assess the potential association between selected behavioural states and the potential for feather damage and cannibalism. 2. Behavioural tests related to fear (tonic immobility, novel object, open field), sociality (runway, proximity in the home pen) and pecking (feather bunch and focal observations of inter-bird and environmental pecking) were conducted at 0 to 2, 5 to 7, 12 to 14, 19 to 21 and 29 to 31 weeks of age. Scan sampling of general behaviour was also conducted at these ages. 3. Underlying sociality was greater in Tetras than in ISA Brown hens. 4. There were no apparent overall strain differences in fearfulness although ISA Brown hens showed significantly longer tonic immobility fear reactions than Tetras at 31 weeks of age. 5. ISA Brown hens gave and received more gentle pecks than Tetra hens whereas preening was commoner among Tetras. There were no strain differences in the number of pecks at litter or food. 6. As birds aged they showed less avoidance of novel objects and Tetras, though not ISA Browns, showed progressively shorter tonic immobility responses. Birds of both strains spent less time resting, more foraging (pecking and scratching) and pecked more at the feather bunch at older ages. 7. Measures taken in the TI, open field, runway (social affiliation) and feather bunch tests were stable over time whereas focal observations of pecking at hens and the environment were not. 8. Factor Analysis showed that 3 factors defined by the novel object test, environmental pecking and pecking ata feather bunch explained most of the variation in the correlation matrix between summary measures for the 8 behavioural traits.  相似文献   

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