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1.
Virology: The efficacy of a new single post‐exposure treatment of rabies in mice without vaccination
G. Bijlenga 《The Veterinary quarterly》2013,33(4):187-190
Summary Local application of rabies immune serum and isoprinosine, an immunomodulator with antiviral activity was effective in mice infected with a sylvatic rabies virus. In this way, a single medical or veterinary treatment is only required, which is particularly important for developing but also for developed countries. The importance of using a post‐exposure potency test to monitor rabies vaccines is emphasized. The same principle could be applied to other emerging viral infections of humans (for example, human immunodeficiency virus infection) and animals, for which no effective vaccines are available at this moment. 相似文献
2.
利用反向遗传操作系统拯救出狂犬病毒的携带双G基因的HEP-dG株,选用新型佐剂制成狂犬病灭活疫苗,进行小鼠免疫试验、比格犬最小免疫剂量试验、免疫持续期试验。试验表明,携带双G基因的HEP-dG株具有良好的免疫原性,该新型佐剂狂犬病灭活疫苗免疫效果较好,具有完全的保护力和较长的免疫保护持续期。 相似文献
3.
The current epizootic of rabies in Europe has as its main host the fox. Oral vaccination of the fox population has proven to be particularly effective. It is clear that the major components for a successful vaccination programme are a potent and stable vaccine, and an effective baiting system; the latter should attract the target animal but no non-target species. Recently, vaccines of increased stability have been generated; amongst these is a vaccinia recombinant virus which expresses rabies virus glycoprotein. Consequently, both attenuated live virus vaccines and a recombinant vaccine are available for routine field vaccination of the fox population. 相似文献
4.
目前狂犬病疫苗的效力检验采用NIH法,需要使用狂犬病毒CVS-24毒株进行攻毒试验,具有一定的生物安全风险。为寻求替代NIH法中脑内攻毒试验的方法,研究扩增狂犬病毒G蛋白基因,并将其克隆至大肠杆菌pET-32a载体上进行表达,以该蛋白作包被抗原,摸索试验条件,建立了检测小鼠血清抗体效价的间接ELISA方法。使用此方法与国际公认的荧光抗体病毒中和试验(FAVN)法比较,两者检测结果曲线相关系数为0.986,表明相关性较好,但ELSIA方法更加快捷、简便。本试验建立的间接ELISA方法可用于检测小鼠血清中狂犬病抗体,为狂犬病毒血清抗体测定和单克隆抗体筛选提供依据。 相似文献
5.
两株狂犬病病毒强毒株糖蛋白基因的克隆及潜在抗原表位分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
通过RT-PCR分别获得了狂犬病病毒强毒CVS株、DRV82株糖蛋白基因,进行克隆及测序,并推导出氨基酸序列,与犬用疫苗弱毒株ERA、SRV9、犬源性街毒株CGX及人用疫苗株PG的糖蛋白序列进行比较。结果表明,以上狂犬病病毒毒株间的核苷酸同源性为83.1%～99.2%,氨基酸序列同源性为87.0%～98.5%。经Jameson-Wolf抗原表位优势图分析,CVS株与其他各株相比发现在304位、372位抗原表位优势升高;而DRV82株与其它各株差异不明显。抗原优势变化可能导致狂犬病病毒糖蛋白出现新的潜在抗原位点,为下一步构建不同毒株的狂犬病病毒糖蛋白重组疫苗奠定了基础。 相似文献
6.
Hermann JR Fry AM Siev D Slate D Lewis C Gatewood DM 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2011,75(4):278-284
Rabies is an incurable zoonotic disease caused by rabies virus, a member of the rhabdovirus family. It is transmitted through the bite of an infected animal. Control methods, including oral rabies vaccination (ORV) programs, have led to a reduction in the spread and prevalence of the disease in wildlife. This study evaluated the stability of RABORAL, a recombinant vaccinia virus vaccine that is used in oral rabies vaccination programs. The vaccine was studied in various field microenvironments in order to describe its viability and facilitate effective baiting strategies. Field microenvironments influenced the stability of this vaccine in this study. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding how vaccines perform under varying field conditions in order to plan effective baiting strategies. 相似文献
7.
P Desmettre B Languet G Chappuis B Brochier I Thomas J P Lecocq M P Kieny J Blancou M Aubert M Artois 《Veterinary microbiology》1990,23(1-4):227-236
A vaccinia rabies recombinant virus was constructed and shown to induce the synthesis of rabies virus glycoprotein in infected cells and to induce rabies virus neutralizing antibodies and protection in susceptible animals. Active when orally administered, this recombinant is a good candidate for the development of vaccines for wild animal rabies vectors. This recombinant was found stable, safe for target and non-target animal species, and protective for most of the rabies vectors. After extensive experimental studies conducted under controlled conditions, it as used in limited field trials and in an extensive open field trial. The preliminary results confirmed its basic properties and potential for rabies eradication. 相似文献
8.
Use of monoclonal antibodies to confirm vaccine-induced rabies in ten dogs, two cats, and one fox 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
C A Whetstone T O Bunn R W Emmons T J Wiktor 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1984,185(3):285-288
A panel of 8 monoclonal antibodies to rabies glycoprotein antigen was used to characterize the modified-live virus vaccines marketed in the United States during the last 10 years. Thirteen of 14 rabies virus isolates from 11 dogs, 2 cats, and 1 fox suspected of developing vaccine-induced rabies were shown to have reactivity patterns that were identical to the vaccine administered. Reactivity patterns for 20 rabies isolates from human beings, wild animals, or domestic animals with no history of recent vaccination with modified-live virus rabies vaccine were different from those obtained for vaccines. 相似文献
9.
Rabies is an enzootic viral disease widespread throughout the world. Although it is a vaccine-preventable disease, the annual number of human deaths caused by rabies is estimated to be 32,000 in Asia. Phylogenetic analysis based on sequence data of the partial N gene of rabies viruses in Asia has shown that the viruses are divided into five genogroups, distributed in Middle East, South Asia, South East Asia, Malay, and Arctic regions. The genetic relationships among these rabies viruses agree basically with the results of previous studies. Meanwhile, new types of vaccines are being developed by applying gene manipulation techniques to rabies virus in order to overcome the disadvantages of current vaccines. This article reviews the molecular epidemiology of rabies in Asia and progress made in the development of new-generation rabies vaccines with the goal of elimination or control of rabies in Asia. 相似文献
10.
James C. C. Chang 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1965,29(2):38-41
Rabies virus and canine distemper virus were grown simultaneously, and possibly symbiotically, in the same chick embryos. There seemed to be no adverse effect on either virus when cultured in such manner.
Bivalent vaccines for rabies and canine distemper were produced. The potencies and the virus titers of such vaccines were comparable to those of rabies vaccine and canine distemper vaccine produced separately.
相似文献11.
Gene immunization can be an effective vaccine strategy eliciting both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. We constructed plasmid vectors expressing the full-length Vnukovo-32 rabies virus glycoprotein G under the control of CMV IE promoter and enhancer, adenovirus tripartite leader sequences and poly A signal of SV40. The gene vaccines were evaluated for the ability to elicit neutralizing antibodies and to protect BALB/c mice against lethal rabies virus challenge. First, mice were injected intramuscularly (i.m.) into the left hind leg and by the intradermoplantar (i.d.p.) route with equal amounts of plasmid DNA (0.25-0.1 mg). Two weeks later, immunization was boosted with an additional dose of the DNA. The immunized mice were challenged by intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation of CVS-27 (10-50 LD50) rabies virus. All mice produced anti-rabies virus neutralizing antibodies with a titre of > or = 1:45 after immunization with 0.1-0.4 mg of DNA. In challenge experiments, 83 to 91.6% protection was observed. These results confirm that a DNA vaccine could be a simple and effective solution for preventing the spread of rabies. 相似文献
12.
Antigenic differences between rabies virus strains characterized with monoclonal antibodies presently define at least four serotypes within the Lyssavirus genus of the Rhabdoviridae family: classical rabies virus strains (serotype 1), Lagos bat virus (serotype 2), Mokola virus (serotype 3) and Duvenhage virus (serotype 4). The wide distribution of rabies-related virus strains (serotypes 2, 3 and 4) and above all, the weak protection conferred by rabies vaccines against some of them (principally Mokola virus) necessitates the development of new specific vaccines. We first determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a rabies virus strain of serotype 1 (Pasteur virus) and characterized the structure of the viral genes and their regulatory sequences. We then extended this study to the Mokola virus genome. Five non-overlapping open reading frames were found in both viruses and had similar sizes and positions in both. Similarities were also found in the mRNA start and stop sequences and at the genomic extremities. Comparison of both genomes helps to analyze the basis of the particular antigenicity of these two serotypes. The sequence homology in the region coding for the viral glycoprotein was only 58% between the two viruses, compared with 94% between different rabies virus strains within serotype 1. This comparison, extended to other unsegmented negative strand RNA viruses, gives new insight into the understanding of rhabdoviruses and paramyxoviruses. Furthermore, molecular cloning provides a rationale for the genetic engineering of a future vaccine. 相似文献
13.
J D Gerber R L Sharpee T C Swieczkowski W H Beckenhauer 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1985,9(1):13-22
Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from non-vaccinated dogs and from dogs either vaccinated intramuscularly (IM) or subcutaneously (SC) with an inactivated rabies virus vaccine (Rabguard-TC, Norden Laboratories, Lincoln, NE) or intramuscularly with an attenuated rabies virus vaccine (Endurall-R, Norden Laboratories, Lincoln, NE) were exposed in vitro to rabies virus. Blastogenesis of PBL was measured by incorporation of 3H-thymidine into the DNA of proliferating cells in the presence of a suboptimal concentration of phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Following the first vaccination, there was no difference in the blastogenic response of lymphocytes from dogs vaccinated IM with either the inactivated or attenuated rabies virus vaccines. The inactivated rabies vaccine stimulated as great or greater blastogenic response when it was given SC. The PBL from non-vaccinated control dogs were not stimulated by rabies virus. Dogs vaccinated with the inactivated vaccine developed a lymphocyte blastogenic response to rabies virus following challenge with virulent street rabies virus. Nonvaccinated control dogs did not develop a lymphocyte blastogenic response to rabies virus following challenge with virulent street rabies virus. 相似文献
14.
Distemper and rabies vaccination are highly recommended because of the almost invariable fatal outcome of these conditions. Vaccination should constitute an important part of a ferret's preventative medicine program. With the current and anticipated development and licensing of new vaccines, practitioners are invited to gain awareness of the latest vaccine information. Establishment of a practice vaccination protocol with regards to the site of administration of rabies and distemper vaccines is paramount to document any future abnormal tissue reactions. Influenza is the most common zoonotic disease that is seen in ferrets. Although it generally is benign in most ferrets, veterinarians must take this condition seriously. The characteristic continuous antigenic variation of this virus may lead to more virulent strains; the recent emergence of avian influenza virus outbreaks; and the increased susceptibility of elderly, young, and immunosuppressed individuals. 相似文献
15.
为了用激流式生物反应器纸片微载体培养BHK-21(C-13)细胞制备兽用狂犬冻干活疫苗,采用纸片微载体培养BHK-21(C-13)细胞,接种狂犬病病毒Flury株(LEP),测定病毒液滴度.将收获的病毒液制备兽用狂犬冻干活疫苗,按照狂犬病活疫苗规程进行检验.结果显示,3批收获的病毒液滴度平均达1050LD50/0.03 mL;3批实验疫苗检验结果均符合质量标准.实验证明激流式生物反应器纸片微载体培养BHK-21(C-13)细胞制备兽用狂犬冻干活疫苗提高了细胞密度、病毒滴度,增加了病毒液收获体积,减小了批间差,保证了产品均一性,适合工业化大生产. 相似文献
16.
N D Tolson K M Charlton R B Stewart G A Casey W A Webster K MacKenzie J B Campbell K F Lawson 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》1990,54(1):178-183
In studies to develop an oral rabies vaccine for wildlife, the immune response to and pathogenicity of two types of mutants of rabies viruses were examined. Forty-five small plaque mutants were selected from cultures of ERA rabies virus treated with 8-azaguanine or 5-fluorouracil and tested for pathogenicity in mice. Two of these mutants AZA 1 and AZA 2 (low pathogenicity in mice) were given to skunks by oral (bait), intestinal (endoscope) and intramuscular routes. Additionally, challenge virus standard (CVS) rabies virus and mutants of this and ERA rabies virus (CVS 3766 and 3713, and ERA 3629) that were resistant to neutralization by specific antiglycoprotein monoclonal antibodies (and apathogenic in mice) were tested by various routes in skunks. Skunks given AZA 1 and AZA 2 were challenged at three months postinoculation with street rabies virus. After oral administration, there were very low rates of seroconversion with AZA 1 and AZA 2 and on challenge only 2/7 given AZA 1 and 1/8 given AZA 2 survived. None of the skunks given the other mutants orally seroconverted. AZA 2 produced a high rate of seroconversion (8/8) by the intestinal route and all challenged skunks in this group survived (7/7). All skunks vaccinated intramuscularly with AZA 1 (4/4) or AZA 2 (4/4) developed high levels of rabies neutralizing antibodies and survived challenge. The mutant CVS 3766, while apathogenic when given intracerebrally to adult mice, was consistently pathogenic by this route (and intranasally) in skunks. These results demonstrate that skunks are highly resistant to oral immunization by live rabies virus vaccines and that pathogenicity (by intracerebral route) of the mutant CVS 3766 is markedly different in mice and skunks. 相似文献
17.
本试验旨在对北京1株犬源狂犬病病毒株(BJ2012ZW株)在全基因组水平上进行分子进化研究,比较与全国流行株及疫苗株之间的差异.试验采集犬脑组织以直接免疫荧光技术和内基氏小体检查方法进行检测,以RT-PCR扩增病毒核酸覆盖全基因组,对产物测序后进行遗传学分析.结果显示,BJ2012ZW株狂犬病病毒属于基因1型,与目前中国的主要流行株全序列同源性为83.9%~99.7%.与同样分离自北京的毒株BJ2011E和CNM1101C的核苷酸全序列同源性最高(99.7%),进化关系近.G蛋白主要抗原位点分析结果表明,BJ2012ZW株与国内疫苗株相比有部分抗原位点发生了替换.BJ2012ZW株属于中国目前的流行株,与目前国内所使用的疫苗株存在一定的差异. 相似文献
19.
Effects of vaccine route and dosage on protection from rabies after intracerebral challenge in mice 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Wunderli PS Dreesen DW Miller TJ Baer GM 《American journal of veterinary research》2003,64(4):491-498
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of various routes of administration and number of doses of 3 commercially produced rabies vaccines on serum antibody responses and protection in mice challenged by intracerebral injection with fixed-strain rabies virus. ANIMALS: 2,213 mice. PROCEDURE: Inactivated, adjuvanted rabies vaccines were administered to mice in either 2, 1, or 0 (control) doses via IP, IM, and SC routes, and mice were challenged intracerebrally with fixed-strain rabies virus. RESULTS: Vaccination route and dose number significantly influenced serum antibody responses and protection from rabies virus challenge, independent of vaccine strain origin and mouse strain, although mouse age significantly affected results. Extended challenge studies revealed that IM vaccination of mice resulted in the highest serum neutralizing antibody responses and protection levels equivalent to IP vaccination. Even multiple doses administered SC (a vaccination route used in dogs) resulted in poor serum anti-rabies neutralizing antibody responses in mice and were far less protective than other routes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Findings suggest possible improvements for the current rabies vaccine potency test in mice by using 1 dose, the IM route, and a delayed time of challenge. These modifications would more closely model vaccination practices in target species and yield more accurate information regarding primary immunogenicity of a vaccine. 相似文献
20.
Early histologic changes in lesions at vaccine sites were compared in cats, mink, and ferrets. Twenty-four 4-month-old cats, 20 4-month-old mink, and 20 12-month-old ferrets were vaccinated with three rabies virus vaccines, two feline leukemia virus vaccines, alum adjuvant, and saline. Injection sites were excised at selected time points up to 21 days postvaccination. Histologic examination of the tissue revealed significant differences among the cats, mink, and ferrets in the local response to the commercial vaccines. When compared with ferrets and mink, cats had more lymphocytes in response to all three rabies vaccines. Production of fibroblasts, collagen, and macrophages differed among the three killed aluminum-adjuvanted vaccines in cats but did not differ significantly in mink or ferrets. Cats produced fewer binucleate cells than did mink or ferrets in response to the two adjuvanted leukemia virus vaccines. Differences seen in early tissue response of cats to commercial vaccines may be related to the increased predisposition of cats to vaccine-associated sarcomas. 相似文献