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害极灭防治柑桔潜叶蛾田间药效试验李华，黄运霞，黄荣瑞（广西农科院植保所）害极灭（Ａｇｒｉｍｅｃ）是美国默沙东药厂生产的一种全新的广谱杀螨、杀虫剂，其主要活性成份是从土壤微生物Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓａｖｅｒｍｉｔｉｔｉｓ提取出来的天然产物──爱比菌素... 相似文献
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20%阿维·螺螨酯悬浮剂防治柑橘全爪螨田间药效试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以1.8%阿维菌素EC和24%螺螨酯SC为对照,进行复配药剂20%阿维·螺螨酯SC防治柑橘全爪螨田间药效试验。结果表明:20%阿维·螺螨酯SC对柑橘全爪螨具有良好的防治效果,其3000倍液和4000倍液药后1～35d防效达82.68%以上,极显著高于2个对照药剂;5000倍液防效达80.59%以上,极显著高于1.8%阿维菌素EC,速效性明显优于24%螺螨酯SC。其速效性好、持效期长、且对柑橘安全,值得在生产中推广应用。 相似文献
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最近市场推出的10%浏阳霉素是上海农药所研制开发的大环内酯类抗生素杀螨剂。它的产生菌是灰色链霉菌浏阳变种(Straptomyces griseius var.ciuyangensis)。它不同于80年代后期问世的20%复方浏阳霉素(效价低,含有大量乐果)。为了验证该制剂的杀螨效果,1991年我们组织有关省市植保站进行了防治柑桔、苹果、棉花、蔬菜害螨的田间试验。结果表明,在若螨盛发期应用10%浏阳霉素1000—2000倍液防治柑桔叶 相似文献
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锈壁虱、红蜘蛛均是柑枯的主要害螨.目前生产上使用的杀螨农药种类繁多,有些持效期太短,有些已产生抗药性,不宜再推广应用.为此,笔者于1991年8—9月在城关乡进行阿波罗等农药对锈壁虱、红蜘蛛的防治试验,现将结果总结如下.一、供试药剂与方法(一)供试药剂及浓度①50%阿波罗悬浮剂(联邦德国先灵公司)2000、4000倍液,②5%霸螨灵胶悬剂(日本农药株式会社)1000倍液,③20%三唑锡悬浮剂(山东招远三联化工厂)1000倍液,④40%水胺硫磷(湖北省沙市农药厂)1000倍液,⑤40%氧化乐果(抗州农药厂)800倍液,⑥98%巴丹原粉(日本武田药品工业株式会社)1500倍液. 相似文献
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试验结果表明,24%螺螨酯悬浮剂5 000倍液防治柑橘红蜘蛛效果较好,药后14 d、28 d,对红蜘蛛的防治效果均高于99%矿物油乳油200倍液、5%噻螨酮乳油2 000倍液、1.8%阿维菌素乳油1 500倍液和15%哒螨灵乳油1 500倍液。该药剂药效期长,对柑橘生长安全,低毒、低残留,可以作为今后防治柑橘红蜘蛛的替代农药。 相似文献
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1988年,我们在邕宁、浦北、柳州、荔浦、灵川等地进行尼索朗、螨克、灭扫利、单甲脒几种新农药防治柑桔害螨药效试验,证实了它们的防治效果及使用条件,收到了良好的效果。 相似文献
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In an effort to expand the spectrum of larvicides effective against the pea leafminer,Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard), we studied the effects of a neem-based insecticide (Neemix-45) on the development of the leafminer under laboratory conditions. Bean plants were treated with a soil drench of 1, 5, 10 or 25 ppm azadirachtin or by dipping leaves in 1 or 15 ppm azadirachtin at various times before or during the development of the leafminer. Treating the plants with the neem insecticide before exposure to egg-laying adults had a greater effect on inhibiting the development of pupae and adult eclosion than treatment at the 1st-instar larval stage. The systemic effects from a soil drench had a greater adverse effect on pupation and adult eclosion than leaf dipping. Drenching plants with 1 ppm azadirachtin 24 h before exposure to adults had a greater effect (0% adult eclosion) than leaf dipping at the same time period and concentration (15. 6% adult eclosion). Similar results were obtained when drenching plants infested with lst-instar larvae with 1 ppm azadirachtin (11. 7% eclosion)vs dipping leaves at the same time period and concentration (44. 7% eclosion). 相似文献
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Monica Cunningham Fernando Garcia Horacio Garda Ricardo Pollero 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2006,86(1):57-62
The spider very high density lipoprotein (VHDL), which contains hemocyanin as the major apoprotein, transports most of the circulating lipids. In this work, the effect of the pesticide fenitrothion (FS) on the ability of VHDL-apoproteins to uptake different lipids was investigated. For this, VHDL was delipidated using Triton X-100 and recombined with different radiolabeled lipids in the presence or the absence of FS. The oligomeric structural integrity was maintained after delipidation as shown by non-denaturating PAGE. In the presence of the insecticide, palmitic acid uptake decreased by 28.2 and 62.4% after treating the apolipoprotein with 10 and 20 ppm FS, respectively. Decreases in the uptake of cholesterol, triolein, and phosphatidylcholine caused by FS were 29, 23, and 31% using 10 ppm, and 40, 44, and 29% using 20 ppm FS, respectively. Fluorescence measurements with the hydrophobic probes diphenylhexatriene (DPH) and diphenylhexatrienyl-propionic acid (DPH-PA) indicate that FS induces a red shift, decreases the intensity and increases the anisotropy of the emission of these probes in the VHDL. These results indicate that insecticide binding to the lipoprotein enhances the environment polarity and restricts the mobility of these probes at their binding site. These changes at the hydrophobic VHDL binding sites could lead to the decreased affinity for lipids and hydrophobic ligands. It is inferred that FS could alter the normal lipid exchange between this lipoprotein and tissues. 相似文献
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J.Peter Bentley George H. Weber Daniel Gould 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1979,10(2):162-167
Diflubenzuron (Dimilin), an inhibitor of insect chitin synthesis, was fed to mice in concentrations of 50 to 2000 ppm in the diet. The activity of the mammalian hexosamine transferases responsible for glycosaminoglycan (mucopolysaccharide) formation was monitored by measuring the in vivo rate of incorporation of a labeled precursor into hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate of skin. No inhibition of biosynthesis was noted at any concentration; indeed the insecticide appeared to stimulate the production of these compounds. After 3 weeks on the diet, mice eating 1000 and 2000 ppm diflubenzuron showed obvious signs of cyanosis, and sulfhemoglobin was demonstrated in the blood of mice eating more than 200 ppm. The amount of sulfhemoglobin appeared to be related to the dietary insecticide content and the highest level seen was 13% of total hemoglobin in the 2000-ppm group after 31 days. These values returned to normal within 3 weeks when diflubenzuron was removed from the diet. 相似文献
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用Hestrin胆硷酯酶活性测定法,系統研究以不同方式施用内吸磷(E-1059)后,苹果内吸磷残留量的动态变化情况。施药方式有三种:(1) 浸果—仅对树上的苹果进行药浸,树叶和树枝不接触药液。(2) 噴叶—苹果以塑料膜包好后向树上嘖药,只树叶和枝上着药,而苹果不着药。(3) 浸枝——将带有果和叶的一段树枝剪下,断端浸入药液中迫使吸收药液24小时。检测結果:浸果施药后第一天内,苹果可检测出很高的内吸磷残留量(可达2 ppm左右),1天后残留量降到0.75 ppm以下,两周后残留量可降低到接近零;噴叶施药后12天内,經数次检测,均未发现有内吸磷残留;用药液浸枝,虽然第一天树枝吸收了不少的药液,但苹果中几乎检測不出内吸磷的残留,第二天换以水浸枝,却反而检测出内吸磷残留量(将及0.5 ppm),大約10天左右残留量降到接近零。試驗結果说明:一般噴雾时内吸磷的残留主要是由于药液直接接触苹果果皮所致,通过叶和枝内吸輸导至苹果上的药液是微乎其微的;浸果施药后第一天内残留量最高,以后逐漸降低,約两周后降到接近于零;浸枝时迫使吸入药液,但輸导至苹果上的药物甚少,并且内吸輸导需要一定时間,所以第二天残留量最高。关于苹果施用内吸磷的期限,似乎可职适当后延至收获前3或4周。 相似文献
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Sachiko Kinoshita Youko Koura Hamitsu Kariya Norio Ohsaki Tadakazu Watanabe 《Pest management science》1999,55(6):659-660
AKD-2023, 3-dodecyl-1,4-dihydro-1,4-dioxo-2-naphthyl acetate (proposed common name acequinocyl) is a novel miticide now under commercial development. It has outstanding miticidal activity against economically important spider mites with the new mode of action of inhibition of mitochondrial electron transfer at complex III. 相似文献
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为探明土壤微生物对新农药F1050的降解能力,用平板稀释和富集培养法分离驯化土壤中F1050的优势降解细菌,并用合成培养基进行纯化培养,利用美国Biolog公司的细菌自动鉴定系统,初步筛选出5个菌株:ZJU.01为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis,69％);ZJU.02为巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium,99％);ZJU.03为腊状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus,86％);ZJU.04为腊状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus,92％);ZJU.05为球形芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sphaericus,99％)。F1050添加浓度为50 mg/kg的液体培养和室内土壤模拟降解试验结果表明,ZJU.02、ZJU.04 和ZJU.05三个优势降解菌株对F1050表现出了较强的降解能力,50 mg/kg F1050的降解半衰期为6.41~6.74 d,而对照的灭菌和未灭菌土壤中的半衰期分别达72.20和29.88 d;不同菌株对F1050的降解能力没有显著差异。 相似文献
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Soil samples were collected from a total of 21 sites in California, Washington, Florida, Pennsylvania, and Michigan. Dicofol (Kelthane) miticide had been applied at various times over a 5-year period to 17 of the sites; four sites had received no applications. Samples were collected at 0-75-mm and 75-150-mm depths, and submitted to gas-liquid chromatographic analysis. Samples from only four of the 17 treated sites contained mean residues equal to or exceeding 2.00 ppm. Residues in all cases were only a small fraction of the total amount applied. Apparently, a mechanism for the dissipation of dicofol exists, but it is unidentified at this time. 相似文献
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本文研究了新型杀螨剂丁氟螨酯对叶螨天敌智利小植绥螨的毒性、对智利小植绥螨繁殖的影响以及两者联合应用对草莓二斑叶螨的防治效果。结果表明,丁氟螨酯对智利小植绥螨的毒性很低,即使在400 mg/L的高浓度下,智利小植绥螨的死亡率仍然低于35%,对雌、雄成螨的LC50分别为669.4 mg/L和456.4 mg/L。施用丁氟螨酯后,丁氟螨酯对智利小植绥螨成螨存活率影响无显著差异。田间试验表明单独使用智利小植绥螨和联合使用智利小植绥螨与丁氟螨酯,两周内对草莓二斑叶螨的防治效果都在90%以上,明显好于单独使用丁氟螨酯。相比于单独使用智利小植绥螨的生物防治区,联合防治区的防治效果更好,28 d时仍高于95%。因此,智利小植绥螨与丁氟螨酯联合应用防治草莓叶螨效果更佳。 相似文献
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Mediha Sefi Hanen Bouaziz Nejla Soudani Tahia Boudawara Najiba Zeghal 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》2011,101(2):71-79
Fenthion (FEN) is an organophosphate insecticide used in both agricultural and urban areas throughout the world including Tunisia. Recent investigations have proved the crucial role of natural antioxidants to prevent the damage caused by toxic compounds. In this study, we investigated the role of Artemisia campestris (Ac) leaf powder in protection against oxidative damage and hepatotoxicity induced by fenthion in female rats and their pups. Female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: group I served as controls which received standard diet, group II received orally FEN 551 ppm, group III received both 551 ppm of FEN and experimental diet (5% Artemisia) and group IV received experimental diet (5% Artemisia). Oral administration 551 ppm of FEN by drinking water to adult rats caused hepatotoxicity as monitored by the increase in the levels of hepatic markers enzymes (transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG), as well as hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels thus causing a drastic alteration in antioxidant defence system. Particularly, the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) increased by FEN. These biochemical alterations were accompanied by histological changes marked by leucocytes infiltration, sinusoidal dilatation (moderate peliosis), granuloma inflammatory disorders and necrosis in hepatocytes of dams. While, slight leucocytes infiltration was shown in pups. Treatment with Ac prevented the liver damage induced by FEN, as revealed by inhibition of hepatic lipid peroxidation accompanied by an improvement of liver histopathological changes, CAT and GPx activities except GSH and SOD which were not modified. It could be concluded that A. campestris is promising a protective agent against hepatotoxicity during the exposure to fenthion. 相似文献
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White grubs, Leucopholis spp. are subterranean pests of arecanut grown in South India. Grub infestation leads to yellowing, stem tapering, and crown size and yield reduction. Use of chemical insecticide to mage the white grubs gives varying degree of success. Hence an attempt was made to screen newer and safer insecticides. Imidacloprid (LC50 at 120 h = 16.849 ppm on III instar larvae), chlorpyriphos (LC50 = 14.242) and bifenthrin (LC50 = 12.797 ppm) were identified as effective insecticides. Evaluation of these insecticide in the field over two year period indicated the following efficacy in reducing larval population: chlorpyriphos @ 4 kg a.i/ha (83.31%) > bifenthrin @ 4 kg a.i./ha (82.83%) > imidacloprid @ 0.24 kg a.i./ha (75.84%) > bifenthrin @ 2 kg a.i./ ha (74.26%) > chlorpyriphos @ 2 kg a.i./ha (69.15%) > chlorpyriphos @ 1 kg a.i./ha (61.79%) > imidacloprid @ 0.12 kg a.i./ha (56.54%) > bifenthrin @ 1 kg a.i./ha (54.34%) > imidacloprid @ 0.06 kg a.i./ha (41.47%). Bifenthrin in soil persisted for a longer period than chlorpyriphos. On the day of application, 59.46 ppm bifenthrin residue was recovered from soil. On 10th day, it was 7.29 ppm which decreased to 2.59 ppm on 30th day and was beyond detection limit on 65th day. Chlorpyriphos exhibited a rapid degradation in the initial stage; 27.46 ppm residue on the day of application, which further reduced to 0.964 ppm on 10th day, and was below the detection limit on the 30th day. Growth of Trichoderma harzianum was not affected by bifenthrin even up to 40 ppm concentration. However, chlorpyriphos affected the growth of Trichoderma at higher than 5 ppm dose. Similarly, imidacloprid inhibited the colony growth from 2 ppm onwards. Having high lipophylic property and contact toxicity, bifenthrin would be an ideal alternative insecticide to chlorpyriphos for the management of white grubs in palm garden, which is safe and long persisting. 相似文献