共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 468 毫秒
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水稻耐盐基因定位与克隆及品种耐盐性分子标记辅助选择改良研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土壤盐渍化严重制约水稻生产发展,提高耐盐性已成为水稻育种的重要目标之一。挖掘水稻耐盐新基因,解析其分子作用机制可以为水稻耐盐性遗传改良奠定基础。本文从定位群体、耐盐性鉴定时期和鉴定方法、耐盐性评价指标、鉴定到的耐盐QTL、耐盐QTL的精细定位和图位克隆等方面,总结了近年来水稻耐盐QTL定位研究中所取得的进展;介绍了水稻耐盐/盐敏感突变体筛选和基因克隆以及耐盐性关联分析的研究近况;并对水稻耐盐性分子标记辅助选择改良的现状作了概述。 相似文献
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水稻耐盐育种研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
培育耐盐水稻品种是盐碱地的粮食作物增产和对盐碱地改良的重要途径之一。水稻对盐胁迫中度敏感,其耐(敏)盐性状是受多基因控制的数量性状,易受环境条件等因素影响。到2015年,利用AFLP、RFLP、SSR等分子标记手段在水稻12条染色体上定位的耐盐QTL已有250多个,其中以第1、2、6和7染色体上居多,但克隆的水稻耐盐基因相对较少。水稻耐盐品种的选育现仍以常规育种为主,即主要通过筛选耐盐种质及耐盐鉴定,再利用杂交和回交等方法将耐盐基因导入到优良水稻品种中,从而选育出综合性状优良的耐盐品种。本文阐述了国内外水稻种质耐盐性鉴定技术和指标、耐盐种质筛选、耐盐品种选育以及耐盐性的遗传及分子机理等研究进展,并对今后水稻耐盐育种研究工作提出了展望与建议。 相似文献
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从光氧化产生的原因及其对水稻的伤害,水稻耐光氧化的遗传和生理机制,水稻耐光氧化的栽培、化学调控作用等方面综述了水稻耐光氧化特性的研究进展。 相似文献
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水分与氮素及其互作对水稻产量和水肥利用效率的影响研究进展 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
了解水分、氮素及其互作对水稻产量与水、氮利用效率的影响,对协同提高水稻产量与水氮利用效率有重要意义。本文概述了水稻节水灌溉技术、氮肥利用效率与氮肥施用技术、水分与氮素对水稻产量及水氮利用效率的耦合效应、作物-土壤关系及水氮调控机制等方面取得的进展;讨论了存在的问题,这些问题包括:高产水稻作物与土壤的水氮互作效应尚不明确;高产水稻水氮耦合与高效利用的分子机理不清楚;协同提高水稻产量与水氮利用效率的调控途径尚未掌握。针对这些问题,建议今后重点研究:高产水稻作物与土壤的水氮互作效应及其机制;水氮互作调控水稻吸收利用水分和氮素的生理与分子机理;协同提高水稻产量和水氮利用效率的调控途径与关键技术。 相似文献
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水稻对镉的吸收和转运的分子机理 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《杂交水稻》2015,(3):2-8
日益严重的稻田镉污染威胁着中国生态安全和食品安全,培育低镉积累品种以降低稻米镉含量或者培育耐镉品种以用于植物修复是治理稻田镉污染的理想手段,阐明植物对镉的吸收和转运的分子机理是培育低镉品种和耐镉品种的前提。综述了水稻等植物对镉的吸收和转运的生理机制以及镉吸收、转运、隔离及外排过程中参与的各种镉诱导转运蛋白功能的研究进展有利于低镉积累水稻品种的培育,并促进水稻作为植物修复模式植物在降低土壤镉污染的生态治理中的应用。 相似文献
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Ratan Kumar Ganapati Shahzad Amir Naveed Sundus Zafar Wang Wensheng Xu Jianlong 《水稻科学》2022,29(5):412-434
Salinity-alkalinity is incipient abiotic stress that impairs plant growth and development. Rice (Oryza sativa) is a major food crop greatly affected by soil salinity and alkalinity, requiring tolerant varieties in the saline-alkali prone areas. Understanding the molecular and physiological mechanisms of saline-alkali tolerance paves the base for improving saline-alkali tolerance in rice and leads to progress in breeding. This review illustrated the physiological consequences, and molecular mechanisms especially signaling and function of regulating genes for saline-alkali tolerance in rice plants. We also discussed QTLs regarding saline-alkali tolerance accordingly and ways of deployment for improvement. More efforts are needed to identify and utilize the identified QTLs for saline-alkali tolerance in rice. 相似文献
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Drought stress is a serious limiting factor to rice production,which results in huge economic losses.It is becoming a more serious issue with respect to the global climate change.Keeping in view of the current and forecasted global food demand,it has become essential to enhance the crop productivity on the drought-prone rainfed lands with priority.In order to achieve the production target from rainfed areas,there is a requirement of rice varieties with drought tolerance,and genetic improvement for drought tolerant should be a high priority theme of research in the future.Breeding for drought tolerant rice varieties is a thought-provoking task because of the complex nature and multigenic control of drought tolerant traits would be a major bottleneck for the current research.A great progress has been made during last two decades in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in adaptation and tolerance to drought stress in rice.In this review,we highlighted the recent progresses in physiological,biochemical and molecular adaptation of rice to drought tolerance.A brief discussion on the molecular genetics and breeding approaches for drought tolerance in rice will be focused for the future crop improvement program for development of drought tolerant rice varieties. 相似文献
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中国水稻育种百年发展与展望 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水稻是中国最重要的口粮作物,新品种的培育与推广对水稻生产作出了重大贡献。中国现代水稻育种起步于20世纪20年代,已有百年历程,期间纯系育种、杂交育种、诱变育种和分子育种等技术成为技术主体,成就了矮化育种、杂交稻育种和超级稻育种三次突破,推进了全国水稻平均单产从20世纪50年代的200 kg/667 m2平台跃上了当前的470 kg/667 m2平台。展望未来百年的水稻产业需求,培育C4水稻、固氮水稻、耐盐碱水稻、耐旱水稻和一系杂交稻是水稻育种面临的重大任务。 相似文献
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Flooding is one of the most hazardous natural disasters and a major stress constraint to rice production throughout the world,which results in huge economic loss.Approximately one-fourth of the global rice crops(approximately 40 million hectares)are grown in rainfed lowland plots that are prone to seasonal flooding.A great progress has been made during last two decades in our understanding of the mechanisms involved in adaptation and tolerance to flooding/submergence in rice.In this review,we summarized the physiological and molecular mechanisms that contribute to tolerance of flooding/submergence in rice.We also covered various features of flooding stress with special reference to rice plants,viz.different types of flooding stress,environmental characterisation of flood water,impact of flooding stress on rice plant and their morphological,physiological and metabolic responses under flooding.A brief discussion on the tolerance mechanism in rice exhibited to different types of flooding will be focused for the future crop improvement programme for development of flooding tolerant rice variety. 相似文献
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土壤镉污染是日益严重的环境问题之一。水稻是镉吸收能力最强的大宗谷类作物。水稻对镉的积累及向食物链的转移给人类健康带来威胁。近年来在水稻对镉的吸收和积累过程及其影响因素方面的研究取得了一系列重大进展。本文从镉对水稻种子萌发、生长和发育、产量的影响;土壤中镉的活化、木质部装载运输、韧皮部向籽粒转移三个过程的生理与分子机制以及品种选育、土壤修复、农艺调控等防控措施三个方面进行了综述。以期为水稻镉胁迫相关研究提供理论参考,并为制定降低稻米镉含量的有效策略提供依据。 相似文献
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Inheritance and QTL Mapping of Salt Tolerance in Rice 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
An F2 population derived from the cross between Jiucaiqing (japonica) and IR36 (indica) was used to analyze the inheritance of salt tolerance in rice by genetic model of major-genes plus polygenes, and to map the corresponding QTLs by SSR molecular markers. Rice plants of P1, P2, F1 and F2 at 5- to 6- leaf stage were treated under 140 mmol/L NaCI for 10 days. Three indices representing the ability of salt tolerance of rice seedlings were measured, including salt tolerance rating (STR), Na^ /K^ ratio in roots and dry matter weight of shoots (DWS). STR, Na^ /K^ and DWS were all controlled by two major genes with modification by polygenes. Heritability of these traits from major genes was 17.8, 53.3 and 52.3%, respectively. The linkage map constructed by 62 SSR molecular markers covered a total length of about 1 142 cM. There were three QTLs detected for STR located on chromosome 1, 5 and 9, two QTLs for DWS on chromosomes 8 and 9, and two QTLs for Na^ /K^ on chromosomes 2 and 6, one on each chromosome respectively. Single QTL accounted for 6.7 to 19.3% of phenotypic variation. Identification method of salt tolerance in rice and breeding of rice varieties with salt tolerance based on molecular markers assisted selection had been discussed. 相似文献