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1.
采用盆栽试验研究正常供水(土壤相对含水量70%～80%)、中度水分胁迫(50%～60%)和重度水分胁迫(30%～40%)条件下,胡杨和灰叶胡杨2年生幼苗光合作用-光响应特性.结果表明:胡杨、灰叶胡杨光合作用-光响应曲线符合非直角双曲线函数.在正常供水条件下,胡杨、灰叶胡杨的最大光合速率(Pn max)分别为24.59、16.68 μmol CO2· m-2s-1,表观光合量子效率(AQY)分别为0.059、0.036 μmol CO2·μmol-1photons,光饱和点(LSP)分别为603、517 μmol photons·m-2s-1,光补偿点(LCP)分别为42、41 μmol photons·m-2s-1、暗呼吸速率(Rd)分别为2.99、1.45 μmol CO2·m-2s-1.土壤水分胁迫能显著降低胡杨、灰叶胡杨Pn max、AQY、LSP,而对LCP及Rd无显著影响.无论在正常供水还是在土壤水分胁迫条件下,胡杨均表现出更高的光合活性,其Pn、Pn max、LSP、AQY及Rd值均比灰叶胡杨高,而LCP值,二者之间无显著差异.表明生长在同一生境中的胡杨对光照、土壤水分的生态适应能力高于灰叶胡杨.  相似文献   

2.
白刺光合生理特性对人工模拟增雨的响应   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文
在乌兰布和沙漠东缘即内蒙古磴口县,利用Li-6400xt便携式光合测定系统分析仪测定不同增雨处理(4个增雨处理的增雨量分别是当地年降水量的25％、50％、75％和100％)条件下,典型荒漠植物白刺的光响应曲线,采用非直角双曲线模型对曲线进行拟合,计算最大净光合速率(Amax)、表观量子效率(AQY)、暗呼吸速率(Rd)、光补偿点(LCP)以及光饱和点(LSP)等生理参数,研究白刺光合生理特性对人工模拟增雨的响应.结果表明:对照的Amax、AQY、Rd、LCP和LSP分别为13.41 μmol·m-2·s-1、0.029 mol·mol-1、0.61 μmol·m-2·s-1、20.63 μmol·m-2·s-1和481.85 μmol· m-2·s-1.增雨使白刺的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、Amax、AQY和Rd升高,使水分利用效率(WUE)降低.增雨处理在一定程度上改变白刺的光合生理特性,提高白刺的光合生产能力.对胞间CO2浓度和气孔限制值的变化分析表明:气孔因素是限制光饱和阶段光合速率的主要因素.  相似文献   

3.
3种紫金牛属植物光合光响应特性的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
利用LI-6400便携式光合测定系统对人工遮阳栽培的东南紫金牛、朱砂根、红凉伞3种紫金牛属植物叶片进行光模拟试验,结果表明在低光照下,随着光合有效辐射强度(PARi)的增强,3种植物的净光合速率(Pn)增大,蒸腾速率(Tr)加大,叶温(Tf)均升高,气孔导度(GS)迅速增大,胞间CO2浓度(Cj)值下降,水分利用效率(WUE)增加.当PARi达到400lanol·m-2·s-1时,出现了明显的光抑制现象;当PARi达到800μmol·m-2·s-1时,Gs下降,气孔运动受到影响.3种植物的光合饱和点(LSP)在199.251 8～281.5106μmol·m-2·s-1,光补偿点(LCP)在11.934 0～51.678 9μmol·m-2·s-1,最大WUE为2.27～7.56μmolCO2·mmol-1H2O,说明3种植物耐阴喜湿的特性,可以适应室内的生态环境.对3种植物进行对比分析表明,东南紫金牛的LSP及LCP相对较高,Tr比较大,Tf变幅小,Gs大,说明东南紫金牛与朱砂根及其变种红凉伞相比.有较好的适应强光的能力,生长势强.  相似文献   

4.
A study was conducted to determine the fitting soil moisture for the normal growth of two-year-old W. sinensis （Sims） Sweets by using gas exchange technique. Remarkable threshold values of net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, transpiration rate （Tr） and water use efficiency （WUE） were observed in the W. sinensis leaves treated by various soil moisture and photosynthetic available radiation （PAR）. The fitting soil moisture for maintaining a high level of Pn and WUE was in range of 15.3%-26.5% of volumetric water content （VWC）, of which the optimal VWC was 23.3%. Under the condition of fitting soil moisture, the light saturation point of leaves occurred at above 800μmol.m^2.s^-1, whereas under the condition of water deficiency （VWC, 11.9% and 8.2%） or oversaturation （VWC, 26.5%）, the light saturation point was below 400μmol.m^-1.s^-1. Moreover, the light response curves suggested that a special point of PAR occurred with the increase in PAR. This special point was considered as the turning point that indicated the functional transition from stomatal limitation to non-stomatal limitation. The turning point was about 600, 1000, 1000 and 400 μmol.m^-2.s^-1, respectively, at VWC of 28.4%, 15.3%, 11.9% and 8.2%. In conclusion, W. sinensis had higher adaptive ability to water stress by regulating itself physiological function.  相似文献   

5.
枣不同品种光合特征及叶片解剖结构的研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
利用Li-6400便携式光合作用测定仪等仪器测试了壶瓶枣、赞皇枣和梨枣的光合速率与叶片构造特征.结果表明:赞皇枣光饱和点为1 408.25 μmol·m-2·s-1,光补偿点6.67 μmol·m-2·s-1;梨枣光饱和点1 387.66μmol·m-2·s-1,光补偿点10.4 μmol·m-2·s-1;壶瓶枣光饱和点接近1 500μmol·m-2·s-1.在较高光照强度时枣树蒸腾比率提高,叶片对水的利用率增高.三品种叶片下表皮平均气孔密度为70/mm<'2>,且枣树单叶面积小,从光合特征及叶片结构方面解释了枣树喜光耐干旱的生理机制,为枣树优质丰产奠定了理论基础.  相似文献   

6.
研究了在3种不同CO2浓度(360 μmol·mol-1、800 μmol·mol-1、1 200 μmol·mol-1)下马尾松针叶的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、水分利用效率的变化.结果表明:在当前CO2(360 μmol·mol-1)浓度下,当光强为1 000 μmol·m-2·s-1时,净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度分别为3.46 μmol·m-2·s-1、0.273 mmol·m-2·s-1、0.0254 mmol·m-2·s-1,针叶的光饱和点和光补偿点分别为:(1 800±2) μmol·m-2·s-1和(24±2) μmol·m-2·s-1.当CO2加富到1 200 μmol·mol-1时,针叶的光饱和点降低了200 μmol·m-2·s-1,而光补偿点增加了4 μmol·m-2·s-1.在光照强度为50～2 000 μmol·m-2·s-1的条件下,不同CO2浓度下的水分利用率平均值分别为:1 200 μmol·mol-1浓度下的19.163 μmol·mmol-1,800 μmol·mol-1浓度下的12.912 μmol·mmol-1,360 μmol·mol-1浓度下的11.192 μmol·mmol-1.短期的CO2加富降低了植物叶片的蒸腾速率、气孔导度,而植物的水分利用效率则上升.  相似文献   

7.
山茱萸幼树光合及水分生理生态特性   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14       下载免费PDF全文
采用Li 6400光合分析仪,研究了太行山退耕还林地山茱萸幼林在20℃温度条件下,不同光合有效辐射(PAR)强度及不同CO2浓度内的叶片光合作用及水分生理生态参数的变化特征,结果表明:(1)400μmol·mol-1CO2浓度条件下,山茱萸幼树叶片净光合速率(Pn)与PAR之间的回归方程:Pn=-8×10-6PAR2 0 0222PAR 1 9509,相关系数可达0 9524(n=33);光饱和点、补偿点及表观量子效率分别为1387 50μmol·m-2·s-1、17 4μmol·m-2·s-1、0 0663mol·mol-1;叶片蒸腾速率(Tr)与PAR间回归方程:Tr=0 0013PAR 5 637,线性相关系数达0 9830;叶片水分利用率(WUE)随PAR增强呈明显的抛物线状变化趋势,二者相关系数可达0 9222(n=33);(2)1200μmol·m-2·s-1PAR条件下,Pn与[CO2]之间回归方程Pn=-2×10-5[CO2]2 0 0502[CO2]-2 9656,相关系数接近于1 0(n=30),CO2饱和点、补偿点及羧化效率分别为1255μmol·mol-1、60 5μmol·mol-1、0 0406;Tr随[CO2]的增加呈直线下降趋势,但二者关系并不明显,WUE与[CO2]之间回归方程为:WUE=-4×10-6[CO2]2 0 0084[CO2]-5 5052。相关系数接近于1 0(n=30)。  相似文献   

8.
巨尾桉光合特征与水分消耗的季节适应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
使用Li-6400于旱季和雨季分别对云南省澜沧地区种植巨尾桉的净光合速率和蒸腾速率、气孔导度进行测定.研究发现:雨季巨尾桉光饱和点达1 590 μmol photon·m-2 s-1,而旱季土壤水分不足时光饱和点仅867 μmol photon·m-2 s-1,光补偿点亦有下降.旱季气孔导度对蒸腾和光合的限制作用明显强于雨季.旱季巨尾桉气孔限制强度及蒸腾对光强变化的响应均与本地植物红木荷类似,而雨季巨尾桉的净光合速率远高于后者.巨尾桉具有与环境水分供应变化相协调的水分利用策略,旱季减少水分消耗以尽量节水,雨季则充分光合以获得更多生长.其类似本地植物季节变化的蒸腾特征和水分利用对策有利于维持群落地段的水分平衡.  相似文献   

9.
设置弱光(1/10全光照)和强光(1/4全光照)两个光照梯度,探讨了箭叶淫羊藿(Epimetium sagittatum)叶片光合作用对光强的响应,结果表明:两光强下箭叶淫羊藿叶片的光饱和点均小于1 000μmol·m-2·s-1,而光补偿点分别只有13.825和17.168μmol·m-2·s-1,说明该物种属于典型的阴生植物;与强光处理相比,弱光下箭叶淫羊藿叶片的最大光合速率(Pmax)、量子效率(α)、气孔导度(Gs)、水分利用效率(WUE)以及电子传递速率(ETR)均较高,而孔限制值(Ls)则较低,说明较弱光强更适合箭叶淫羊藿的生长。综合光合速率和ETR对光强的响应,建议对箭叶淫羊藿进行人工栽培或野生抚育时,其最大光强不高于400μmol·m-2·s-1为宜。  相似文献   

10.
以格木(Erythrophleum fordii)、闽楠(Phoebe bournei)和樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)3种常绿阔叶树种苗木为研究对象,以日平均气温19.5℃为对照,12.0℃和7.1℃分别作为低温胁迫Ⅰ和Ⅱ处理,分析广州冬季自然降温过程中苗木气体交换参数和光响应曲线特征参数的变化.研究结果表明,与对照相比,低温胁迫后3个树种苗木净光合速率(Pn)均有不同程度下降,但格木和闽楠在低温胁迫Ⅱ阶段的Pn比低温胁迫Ⅰ阶段有所回升.气孔导度(Gs)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)的变化表明低温胁迫Ⅰ阶段Pn下降可能是非气孔限制因素引起的,而低温胁迫Ⅱ阶段闽楠的Pn下降可能是气孔限制因素引起的,格木和樟树仍是Pn下降可能是非气孔限制因素引起的.随着低温胁迫加强,格木因蒸腾速率(Tt)升高而导致水分利用效率(WUE)逐渐下降,而闽楠和樟树的Tr逐渐降低,WUE逐渐升高.3个树种幼苗在对照时的光补偿点(LCP)均低于20 μmol· m-2·s-1,光饱和点(LSP)均高于800 μmol·m-2·s-1,对光环境的适应性较强,具有较强的光能利用能力;低温胁迫使最大光合速率(Amax)均下降、LSP降低、LCP升高,表明低温下幼苗的光能利用能力和对光环境的适应性都下降.格木暗呼吸速率(Rd)的变化趋势与LCP的相同,而樟树和闽楠Rd的变化趋势则与LCP相反,表明前者通过提高代谢来抵抗低温胁迫,其Pn的提高是以消耗更多的水分为代价的,而后两者则是通过降低代谢来适应低温,较好地协调了碳同化和水分耗散之间的关系.  相似文献   

11.

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.  相似文献   

12.

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.  相似文献   

13.

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.  相似文献   

14.

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.  相似文献   

15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。  相似文献   

16.

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.  相似文献   

17.
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18.

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.  相似文献   

19.
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.  相似文献   

20.
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

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