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1.
超富集植物对稀土元素吸收转运解毒与分异的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
稀土是重要的战略资源,在现代高科技行业和农业生产中发挥着重要的作用。随着稀土需求量的与日俱增,稀土矿山开发加剧,产生了大面积的稀土废弃尾砂地进而污染农田,对当地生态环境和居民健康构成威胁。植物采矿是指在金属污染地上种植超富集植物,在恢复植被和修复污染土壤的同时,还可通过收割地上部实现金属回收利用,是一种原位和低成本的污染土壤修复手段。探究超富集植物重金属富集机理是实现植物采矿的基础,但相对于Ni、Zn、As等超富集植物的研究,稀土超富集植物吸收转运和耐受稀土机制的研究仍然缺乏。本文结合近年国内外研究,从植物富集稀土的四个关键过程综述超富集植物对稀土的吸收、转运和分布解毒机制以及与稀土分异之间的关系,并提出超富集植物中稀土分异的概念模型。 相似文献
2.
粤西地区土壤-植物系统中稀土元素地球化学特征 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在广东省西部不同地区采取土壤、植物样品，并对其中的稀土元素含量采用ICP-MS法测定，研究了稀土元素在土壤、植物叶中的地球化学特征。结果表明：土壤一植物系统的各环节间稀土元素的含量模式基本相似。不同母岩发育的土壤稀土分布有较大的差异，其中以花岗岩发育的土壤稀土含量最高。在土壤的各个剖面层中，心土层和底土层稀土含量高于表土层，轻重稀土发生分异，均有不同程度的Eu亏损，Ce表现为土壤各层位中的正异常。同一采样点的不同种属植物具有相似的稀土分配模式，在不同母岩发育土壤上生存的同一种属植物稀土分配模式不同，其稀土分布均受其所生存土壤的影响和制约，同时具有自身的生物地球化学特性。生物吸收系数表明植物对稀土元素的吸收能力的差异，稀土元素在由土壤向植物体运输迁移中发生了明显的分馏作用，重稀士相对贫乏。 相似文献
3.
以华北地区典型土壤潮土为供试土壤,将猪粪(施用量占风干土重的0%,1%和3%)和不同Cu浓度(0,100,200,400,600和800 mg kg-1土)的CuSO4溶液腐化后与土壤混合均匀进行盆栽试验,以研究施用富Cu猪粪对土壤和小麦各器官(根、茎叶和籽实)Cu积累及对潮土—小麦系统Cu迁移转化的影响。结果表明,土壤全Cu、有效态Cu和小麦植株各器官Cu浓度均随着外源Cu浓度的增加而显著增加,在相同外源Cu浓度条件下,成熟期各指标浓度相对拔节期有所下降。外源Cu只有极少量从土壤向小麦转移,且在小麦各器官Cu浓度顺序为根>>茎叶/籽实。相对于拔节期,小麦成熟期根部Cu积累量显著上升,茎叶Cu积累量无显著变化,但根部和茎叶Cu浓度均显著下降。施用1%猪粪明显降低了Cu的可移动性,而3%猪粪在一定程度上增加了Cu的传递与积累。当外源Cu浓度≥200 mg kg-1时,0%和3%猪粪施用的处理籽实中Cu浓度超过了人体能接受的Cu毒性极限(20 mg kg-1),施用1%猪粪则潜在的降低了Cu在籽实中的积累。 相似文献
4.
Sucheta Sharma Rahul Gupta D. Singh 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(2):203-212
In a greenhouse experiment, wheat cultivars PDW 291, PBW 550, and TL 2908 were grown in alkaline sandy-loam soil treated with sodium selenate at 0, 2, and 4 mg selenium (Se) kg?1 soil. Selenate-treated wheat plants accumulated greater Se in roots, stems, leaves, and grains and showed growth retardation, snow-white chlorosis, decreased shoot length and chlorophyll, and reduced leaf area and produced less number of grains as compared to control plants. Maximum reduction in these parameters was observed in selenate-treated TL 2908 plants and most of the plants died before maturity with almost no grain formation with 4 mg Se kg?1 soil. Selenium accumulation resulted in decreased reducing sugar, starch, and protein contents in grains whereas total free amino acids increased significantly in all the three cultivars. Selenium accumulation in wheat showed metabolic disturbances and its accumulation in grains was beyond toxic levels, thus making it unfit for consumption. 相似文献
5.
测定了具有代表性的4种母质发育、3种水育型的红壤性水稻土及起源土壤的可溶性稀土(REEs)和稀土总丰度(∑REE),分析了REEs的分布特征及与∑REE的相关,研究了经酸碱调节后土壤REEs与pH值的关系,结果表明:(1)不同母质发育的供试土壤REEs平均值依石英闪长岩母质土壤系列、凝灰岩母质土壤系列、黑云母花岗岩母质土壤系列、玄武岩母质土壤系列顺序递减。(2)供试土壤REEs与∑REE的相关不显著。(3)起源土壤剖面中REEs具有明显自上而下增大的趋势,而不同水育型水稻土剖面的REEs分布各有特征,但总的趋势是自上而下减少。(4)经酸度调节后供试土壤的REEs随着土壤pH值的提高而下降,呈显著的幂函数相关。 相似文献
6.
有机质对红壤烤烟氮素累积分配特征的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
利用15N示踪技术,研究了有机质含量对红壤烤烟氮累积分配特征的影响。结果表明,随着土壤有机质含量增加,烤烟氮素累积时期延长,且累积量增加。烤烟后期吸收的氮素,在低有机质含量红壤上来自土壤供氮,中有机质含量来自肥料供氮,高有机质含量来自肥料供氮与土壤供氮。烤烟吸收总氮量中29.07%~40.26%来自肥料供氮,59.74%
~70.93%来自土壤供氮,表明烤烟吸收氮素大部分来自土壤供氮。氮素在烟株不同部位分配量表现为:烟叶烟茎烟根;烟叶各部位中的分配量为:在低有机质含量的红壤,下、中、上3个部位分配量相等,中有机质含量和高有机质含量上则为上部叶中部叶下部叶。有机质含量对下部叶氮素分配量影响不大,其它部位均表现为有机质含量越高,氮素分配量越大。烤烟不同部位中肥料氮比例表现为下部叶中部叶烟根烟茎上部叶,土壤氮比例表现为上部叶烟茎烟根中部叶下部叶;并且土壤有机含量越高,各部位中土壤氮的比例越高,肥料氮的比例越低,上部叶受土壤供氮影响最大。红壤上烤烟氮肥利用率在25.42%~30.61%之间,低有机质含量土壤氮肥利用率较低,中、高有机质含量利用率相对较高。在施肥过程中,低有机质红壤上应在N 90 kg/hm2基础上适当增加氮肥施用量,中等有机质含量上保持不变,高有机质含量上应适当降低氮肥用量。 相似文献
7.
针对镉砷复合污染土壤中小麦籽粒重金属积累问题,采用生物模拟方法,以镉砷复合污染区土壤为研究对象,探究杏核生物炭(C1和C2分别表示3%和6%生物炭添加量)对复合污染土壤—小麦/玉米系统中镉砷累积和转运的影响。结果表明:添加生物炭(C1、C2)显著降低了小麦季根际/非根际土壤Cd、As有效性,并且小麦籽粒中Cd、As含量分别比CK平均降低19.25%和50.70%,但前者差异不显著。对玉米而言,生物炭C1、C2处理显著降低穗中Cd和As含量,降幅分别为85.67%,61.28%和98.36%,96.48%;此外,施用生物炭显著降低了小麦—玉米体系中镉砷的转运和累积,但对小麦镉由秸秆向籽粒转运及籽粒中镉累积的影响未达显著水平。总之,添加3%生物炭可降低小麦籽粒和玉米穗中镉、砷含量,且对玉米穗中重金属镉、砷降低效果更明显,综合分析生物炭对镉、砷在复合污染石灰性土壤—小麦/玉米体系中迁移和累积的阻控效应,推荐施用3%生物炭为宜。 相似文献
8.
为研究燃煤烟气对土壤-小麦系统中汞积累和分布的影响,在小麦苗期和成熟期采集河南省商丘市某燃煤电厂周围农田土壤和小麦植株样品,用ZYG-Ⅱ型智能冷原子荧光测汞仪测量样品中的汞含量。结果表明,小麦苗期和成熟期,土壤样品中汞含量没有超过土壤环境质量标准（GB15618—1995）二级标准的限值。燃煤电厂周围表层土中汞含量要明显高于深层土,呈表层富集现象,苗期小麦根的汞含量高于茎叶,其根、茎叶的汞含量与表层土的汞含量呈显著正相关。小麦从苗期到收获期,表层土、小麦根和茎叶的汞浓度升高。小麦从苗期到收获期,茎叶面积迅速增加,小麦叶片直接从大气中吸收燃煤烟气中的汞,使小麦茎叶通过叶面吸收的汞浓度增加,收获期燃煤电厂周围小麦各器官汞含量为茎叶〉根〉颖壳〉籽粒。成熟期小麦根的汞含量与表层土的汞含量呈显著正相关,而茎叶汞含量与表层土的汞含量无相关性。因此,燃煤烟气中汞沉降影响燃煤电厂周围种植的小麦各器官对汞的吸收和累积。 相似文献
9.
干旱与Cd双重胁迫对土壤-小麦-蚜虫系统Cd转移规律影响的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探究干旱和重金属双重胁迫对土壤-小麦-蚜虫系统内Cd转移规律的影响,为小麦蚜虫的生态调节提供理论依据,本研究以麦长管蚜[Sitobionavenae(Fabricius)]为研究对象,用原子吸收分光光度法分别测定不同土壤Cd含量(100 mg?kg-1、200 mg?kg-1)及不同程度干旱胁迫(无胁迫、中度胁迫、重度胁迫)处理下小麦根茎叶及蚜虫体内的Cd含量。结果表明:土壤Cd含量及干旱单一胁迫均对小麦及蚜虫体内的Cd含量造成了显著影响(P0.05)。两者交互作用对小麦根部及叶部的Cd含量影响显著,而对小麦茎部及蚜虫体内Cd含量影响不显著。在相同胁迫条件下, Cd在小麦中的积累分布为根茎叶。随着干旱胁迫程度增大,小麦根部Cd含量及土壤-根转移系数降低,茎部Cd含量及根-茎转移系数升高,麦长管蚜Cd含量在土壤Cd含量100mg?kg-1下高于土壤Cd含量200 mg?kg-1;中度干旱胁迫增加了麦长管蚜体内Cd累积量,而重度干旱胁迫则降低了其体内Cd累积量。叶-蚜虫的Cd转移系数明显大于土壤-根、根-茎和茎-叶转移系数且大于1,说明Cd在麦长管蚜体内产生了生物富集作用。综上所述,干旱胁迫促进了Cd从土壤向小麦茎部转移和根部Cd累积,但抑制了Cd从根部到茎部转移和茎部Cd累积;中度干旱胁迫促进了麦长管蚜体内Cd的积累,而重度干旱胁迫抑制了麦长管蚜体内Cd的积累。 相似文献
10.
Eton E. Codling 《Journal of plant nutrition》2019,42(8):891-899
A major constraint for crop production on disturbed soils is phosphorus (P). A 2-year field study was conducted on a disturbed soil to evaluate broiler litter ash (BLA) as an inexpensive phosphorus fertilizer for soybean. BLA or super phosphate (SP) was applied at four rates and planted with soybean followed by wheat. At soybean growth stage R3, two plants from each plot were removed for tissue analysis. Soybean tissue P concentration distributions were in the order pods?>?leaves?>?stems?>?roots. At maturity, soybean grain and wheat tissue yields were not significantly affected by P source. Except for the high superphosphate rate for the second crop, P concentrations of soybean grain and wheat tissue were not significant between P source. In this study, BLA was as effective as SP for growth of soybean grain and wheat tissue, suggesting that BLA can be used as an inexpensive P fertilizer on low P disturbed soils. 相似文献
11.
Application of rare-earth elements in the agriculture of china and its environmental behavior in soil 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Rare-earth elements (REEs) have been used in fertilizers in the agriculture of China for about 20 years. They have been shown to be beneficial elements for plants. For example, they have improved the yield and quality for several kinds of crops. This paper reviews the current literature on studies of REEs being used as fertilizers. Some studies have focused on the effects of REEs on metabolic nutrients, photosynthesis and stress resistance of plants. Other studies have shown that the environmental behaviors of REEs in soil are dominated by their low solubility. Fluorides, carbonates, phosphates and hydroxides may form neutral complexes containing REEs with a low solubility. The amount of extraneous REEs demonstrate the following relationship: residual>>bound to organic matter>bound to Fe-Mn oxides>bound to carbonate>>exchangeable and water soluble forms. The adsorption capacity of REEs depends on the clay type and the content of amorphous and manganese oxides, whereas the desorption of REEs is usually very low. At the end of the paper, authors discussed the needs for future environmental research on REEs, which would shed new light on the effects of REEs on agriculture, environment and human health. 相似文献
12.
Xing-Yue Wen Cheng-Min Huang Ya Tang Suo-Lang Gong-Bo Xin-Xin Hu Zhang-Wen Wang 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(10):1693-1702
Purpose
The geochemistry of rare earth elements (REEs) taken from the sediments of a karst lake was analyzed to track the provenance of the sediments and the history of soil erosion in the Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve (JNR) in Sichuan Province in southwest China.Materials and methods
The REE concentrations of 177 samples including 150 lake sediments, 13 soils, 8 loess, 3 carbonate rocks, and 3 water were determined using a quadruple inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (Q-ICP-MS). The grain size distributions of 139 sediment samples were measured using a Malvern Master Size 2000 laser particle size analyzer. The carbonate contents of 159 sediment samples were determined using a gasometric method. The dried remains after reaction with HCl were defined as acid-insoluble residues. The mineral composition of the sediments was measured using a Philips X'Pert Pro X-ray diffractometer.Results and discussion
The lake sediments in the JNR exhibit features similar to those of the neighboring soils, i.e., enriched REE content, a greater ratio of light REEs to heavy REEs, greater δCe values, and lower δEu values relative to those in the carbonate rocks. The REE signatures in the silt and sand fractions of the sediments are similar to those in the soils and carbonate rocks, respectively. The REE content, LREE/HREE, and δCe values in the sediments strongly negatively correlate with the carbonate content, indicating an intense carbonate effect on the REE geochemistry. The content of acid-insoluble residues is obviously positively correlated with ∑REEs in the sediments, and a negative relationship is observed between ∑REEs and the ratio of calcite to quartz in the sediments.Conclusions
The sediments in the JNR originate from eroded soils and authigenic travertine deposits in the lakes. It is proposed that the increased ∑REEs in the sediments resulted from the elevated proportion of soil particles in lacustrine deposits was due to increasing soil erosion intensity. This hypothesis is evidenced by the coupling of ∑REEs with the intensity of soil erosion and anthropogenic activities in the JNR. In karst drainage, the total REE concentration might be a potentially powerful indicator for reconstructing the history of soil erosion. 相似文献13.
确定侵蚀细沟土壤临界抗剪应力的REE示踪方法 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来兴起的REE示踪方法 ,可以研究土壤侵蚀的发生和发展的过程 ,及其沿坡面变化的规律。本研究采用Dy、La、Sm、Yb、Ce、Eu、Nd、Tb等 8个REE、3个雨强 (50mmh- 1,10 0mmh- 1和 150mmh- 1)和4个坡度 (8.74% ,17.63 % ,3 6.4%和 46.63 % )进行了一系列人工模拟降雨试验 ,展示了土壤侵蚀沿坡面变化与坡面细沟发展的关系 ,分析了土壤表面水流动力特征与土壤侵蚀之间的动态平衡。由土壤侵蚀沿坡面的变化 ,确定了土壤细沟侵蚀发生的临界距离 ,并由此得到侵蚀细沟土壤临界剪应力。对不同试验条件下最大细沟侵蚀率与径流剪应力和细流力之间的关系进行了回归分析 相似文献
14.
We investigated 15N abundance （δ15N） of winter wheat （Triticum aestivum cv. Jinmai 1） plants and soil at different growth stages in a field with a 13-year fertilization history of urea and compost, to determine whether or not the δ15N of plant parts can be used as an indicator of organic amendment with compost. Plant parts （roots, leaves, stems and grains） and soil were sampled at re-greening, jointing, grain filling and mature growth stages of winter wheat. There were significant differences between the urea and compost treatments in 815N of whole plants, plant parts and soil over the whole growing season. Determination of the δ15N of plant parts was more convenient than that of whole plant to distinguish between the application of organic amendment and synthetic N fertilizer. 相似文献
15.
Three wheat categories with different biomass production were studied on tropical Inceptisols in Rwanda. Growth parameters such as number of tillers per square meter, average plant height, and shoot and root biomass were determined, and elemental concentrations of roots and leaves measured. In order to identify reasons for inhibited wheat growth soil parameters such as pH, exchangeable cations, Corg and Ntot were determined. As aluminum toxicity was suspected on the acid soils, aluminum fractionation was carried out in water extracts of the soil samples using 8-hydroxyquinoline. Growth parameters correlated well with exchangeable aluminum and with soil pH. These findings, along with root morphology, indicated aluminum toxicity at the low productivity plots. Aluminum fractionation results strengthened this hypothesis, but did not give much additional information. The reasons for this are discussed. Simultaneously, the elemental concentrations of the leaves suggested Ca, Mg and P deficiencies. 相似文献
16.
Zinc (Zn) deficiency caused by inadequate dietary intake is a global nutritional problem, so increasing Zn concentrations in crops is a challenging and high-priority research task. A field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilizers on Zn absorption and translocation in winter wheat during the 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 crop seasons, in Xinzheng City, Henan Province, China. N was applied at four levels (0, 90, 180, and 270 kg N ha?1) and Zn was applied at two levels (15 and 30 kg zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4·7H2O) ha?1]. The results indicated that reasonable N application increased grain yield, total Zn accumulations, and Zn concentrations of each plant part of winter wheat. Furthermore, appropriate N application increased Zn distribution proportions in grains and decreased Zn distribution proportions in roots, stems, leaves, and spikes, and enhanced Zn removal from roots, stems, leaves, and spikes to grains. Meanwhile, reasonable N combined with higher Zn application had a better effect on Zn absorption and Zn translocation to grain of winter wheat. The results suggested that suitable quantity of N fertilizer combined with higher Zn application is an important measure to obtain both higher grain yield and grain Zn concentration in winter wheat production. 相似文献
17.
稀土元素在土壤-玉米体系吸收的剂量效应关系研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过盆栽实验研究施加农用稀土微肥后,玉米根、茎和叶中稀土元素的含量变化.结果表明,玉米根和茎中稀土元素含量随外源稀土施入量的增加而增大,存在显著剂量效应关系.玉米根和茎中La/REE比值随外源稀土施加的浓度增大而逐渐与稀土微肥(常乐)的La/REE值趋于一致.发现随着施入稀土元素浓度的增加,玉米吸收的稀土元素逐步转为主要由外源施加稀土微肥贡献为主.随根施剂量加大,玉米根和茎吸收稀土元素的富集系数逐渐增大,说明外源稀土的生物有效性明显高于土壤本身的稀土.稀土元素在苗期的玉米叶片中不产生显著水平的富集. 相似文献
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外源稀土（RE）可导致根-土界面物理、化学及生物学特性发生根本性变化,特别是根系主导的根际动态过程的变化。如施用不同剂量RE条件下,稀土元素（REE）与根系的相互作用使根系生长、酶活性、细胞质膜透性等受到不同程度的影响。根系生长、酶活性的变化反映了植物可能通过根系形态学、生理学的适应性和非适应性变化机制来改变根系吸收养分、REE及重金属离子的能力,直接影响根际离子进入根系中的含量;而根系细胞质膜透性的变化则反映了植物可能通过根系分泌作用的适应性和非适应性变化机制来改变根系有机酸、质子等的分泌状况,使之作用于根际环境,制约养分、REE及重金属元素在根际的形态转化与迁移分布模式,从而间接影响根际离子进入根系中的含量。本文从外源RE对根系生长状况和酶活性的影响;对根系细胞质膜透性和分泌作用的影响;对根际养分、REE及重金属元素动态的影响;对根系养分、REE及重金属元素吸收分布的影响等4个方面的国内外文献出发,就土壤-植物系统中外源RE作用下根-土界面养分、REE及重金属元素的转化、分布及其植物有效性的响应变化与相关机制做出综述,同时提出目前研究中存在的问题,对今后的研究方向进行展望。 相似文献
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利用系统发育和根系形态不同的大豆与小麦,采用盆栽试验,研究了不同添加量铬对两种作物生长及铬吸收和转运的影响,并对两种作物铬耐受能力进行比较。结果表明,当土壤铬含量大于287.9 mg/kg(添加量为250 mg/kg)时,大豆植株生长变慢,无豆荚产生,且后期易枯萎死亡;大豆根系铬含量和富集系数超过小麦,而转移系数随铬添加量增加而逐渐降低,说明大豆对土壤中铬胁迫的耐性低于小麦;小麦籽粒铬含量超过规定的临界值。在土壤铬含量小于287.9 mg/kg时,小麦根系铬浓度和富集系数高于大豆,小麦根系比大豆具有更强的铬吸收能力;大豆茎叶富集系数高于小麦。 相似文献