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为了研究沙棘果对高脂膳食大鼠肝脏脂代谢的影响,以60只雄性Wistar大鼠为研究对象,随机分为5组,对照组、高脂模型组、沙棘果低、中和高剂量组。对照组给予基础饲料,其余各组给予高脂饲料喂养,同时试验组每日用不同浓度的沙棘果匀浆液灌胃大鼠。4周后处死动物,采集肝脏,分别测定肝脏脂质、脂代谢相关酶及抗氧化指标,光镜下观察肝脏组织病理改变。结果:沙棘果匀浆液可显著降低肝脏总胆固醇(TC)水平,增加高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)水平;使肝脏组织总脂酶(LPS)、肝脂酶(HL)和脂蛋白脂酶(LPL)活性增强,MDA生成量减少。结论:沙棘果可降低高脂膳食大鼠肝脏脂质水平,提高肝脏脂代谢酶活性,增强抗氧化能力,减缓肝细胞的脂质过氧化。 相似文献
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丙氨酰-谷氨酰胺对哲罗鱼仔鱼生长和抗氧化能力的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本试验旨在研究饲喂丙氨酰-谷氨酰胺(Ala-Gin)对哲罗鱼(Hucho taimen)仔鱼生长和抗氧化能力的影响.试验分6个组,每组3个重复,每重复1 000尾鱼.各组饵料分别在基础饵料基础上添加0(对照组)、0.125%、0.250%、0.500%、0.750%和1.000%的Ala-Gin.试验共进行8周.结果表明:与对照组相比,0.125%组对哲罗鱼仔鱼的生长未产生显著影响(P>0.05);0.500%～1.000%组显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)提高增重率和特定生长率;当添加量大于0.125%时,成活率显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)提高;当添加量大于0.500%时,鱼体组织匀浆液中谷氨酰胺(Gln)含量显著升高(P<0.05);0.750%和1.000%组鱼体组织匀浆液中谷氨酸(Glu)含量显著提高(P<0.05);0.500%和0.750%组Na+,K+-ATPase活性显著升高(P<0.05);各添加组SOD活性显著提高(P<0.05),MDA含量显著(P<0.05)或极显著降低(P<0.01);氨基酸含量无显著变化(P>0.05).由此可知,添加Ala-Gin可提高哲罗鱼仔鱼的生长性能和抗氧化能力,适宜的添加水平为0.750%. 相似文献
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本试验旨在了解小瓜虫(Ichthyophthirius multifiliis)感染草鱼后对草鱼肝脏、肾脏和肌肉等组织器官线粒体的影响.人工方法用小瓜虫感染健康草鱼,确定草鱼成功感染小瓜虫后,透射电镜观察肝脏、肾脏和肌肉组织中线粒体结构的变化,检测这些组织器官的过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)含量.透射电镜观察结果显示,与正常组相比,感染组肾脏、肝脏和肌肉组织线粒体数量减少,线粒体肿胀、嵴断裂或消失.感染组肝脏、肾脏和肌肉组织中SOD含量平均值均高于正常组,其中肝脏、肾脏表现为差异显著(P <0.05),肌肉组织差异不显著(P >0.05);感染组肝脏、肾脏和肌肉组织中MDA平均含量均低于正常组,其中肝脏、肾脏表现为差异显著(P <0.05),肌肉组织差异不显著(P >0.05).结果表明,小瓜虫感染草鱼后,对草鱼的肝脏、肾脏和肌肉组织的线粒体结构及SOD和MDA活性均有影响. 相似文献
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辽宁西部海域主要食用鱼类寄生虫感染情况初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用鱼类全身性寄生虫学检查法,在辽宁西部海域随机抽检主要食用鱼类19种共计769尾,其中养殖鱼类4种202尾、野生鱼类15种567尾,发现该海域19种食用鱼类感染体内外寄生虫15种,分别隶属于6纲12科15属。在统计感染率和感染强度的基础上,确定优势虫种为异尖线虫科的3属幼虫:宫脂线虫属幼虫、对盲囊线虫属幼虫、异尖线虫属幼虫,野生和养殖鱼类均有较高的感染率,而针对4种养殖鱼类而言,尤其是牙鲆和大菱鲆,其优势虫种为指状拟舟虫和刺激隐核虫,在各个鱼类养殖场中均有较高的感染率和发病率。 相似文献
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2009年4月～2010年10月每月中旬从河北白洋淀采集鱼类,对寄生的隶属车轮虫科的小车轮虫属和三分虫属进行分类与鉴定。应用干银染色法以显示车轮虫的附着盘结构,活体吉姆萨染色方法以显示细胞核形态结构,采用"统一特定方法"和"齿体定位描述法"鉴定出小车轮虫属(Trichodinella)3种,分别为周丛小车轮虫(T.epizootica)、纤细小车轮虫(T.subtilis)和卡普小车轮虫(T.carpi)。鉴定出三分虫属(Tripartiella)2种,分别为鳞三分虫(T.bulosa)和大型三分虫(T.macrosoma)。中华鳑鮍(Rhodeus sinensis)是卡普小车轮虫的新宿主记录,麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)和圆尾斗鱼(Macropodus ocellatus)是鳞三分虫的新宿主记录,白鲦(Hemiculter leucisculus)是大型三分虫的新宿主记录。 相似文献
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石鲽鱼鱼苗中一种弹状病毒的分离与鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从养殖石鲽鱼(Kareius bicoloratus)鱼苗中分离到1株弹状病毒(080113株).用研磨离心除菌后的组织匀浆液,接种11种鱼类细胞系.结果在鲤上皮瘤细胞(EPC)和肥头鲤细胞系(FHM)等8种细胞中均出现明显的细胞病变(Cytopathic effect,CPE),在鲤上皮瘤细胞(EPC)中的滴度最高.对该毒株的理化性质进行了测定,结果显示080113株对温度和pH敏感;对5′-碘-2′脱氧尿密啶(IUDR)不敏感;对氯仿敏感,提示是一种有囊膜的RNA病毒.制备电镜超薄切片,观察到在细胞质中有大小为(80～118)nm×(28～55)nm、形态为典型的弹状的病毒粒子.SDS-PAGE电泳分析该毒株的蛋白质图谱,结果表明该毒株有5条主要的蛋白带,相对分子质量大小分别为200 000、56 000、42 000、29 000和24 000.用传染性造血器官坏死病毒(IHNV)、病毒性出血性败血症病毒(VHSV)和牙鲆弹状病毒(HRV)等水生动物弹状病毒特异性引物对该毒株进行逆转录聚合酶链式反应,结果用HRV的引物能扩增出阳性片段.对该片段进行测序分析,发现与HRV的参考序列有99%以上的相似性.因此,初步鉴定该毒株为牙鲆弹状病毒. 相似文献
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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017,(19)
为了研究镉致大鼠肝脏损伤及槲皮素对损伤的作用,试验以SD大鼠为研究对象,将20只大鼠随机分为4组,即空白对照组、镉处理组、槲皮素组和镉+槲皮素组。6周后,采集血清并处死大鼠,取肝脏组织并制成匀浆液,检测血清中天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)和丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)活性,肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量及过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSHPx)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性。结果表明:与空白对照组比较,镉处理组AST、ALT活性极显著升高(P0.01),MDA含量显著升高(P0.05),GSH含量极显著降低(P0.01),GSH-Px、CAT、SOD活性显著或极显著降低(P0.05或P0.01);与镉处理组比较,镉+槲皮素组AST、ALT活性显著或极显著降低(P0.05或P0.01),MDA和GSH含量分别显著降低和升高(P0.05),GSH-Px、CAT、SOD活性显著或极显著升高(P0.05或P0.01)。说明槲皮素能保护由镉导致的肝脏损伤。 相似文献
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Type of extraction solution applied to preparation of homogenate of piglet liver is of negligible importance, if immediately follows electrophoretic separation of tissue material. --Storage of liver homogenates in frozen state over 30 days involves insignificant changes of distribution of LD isoenzymes in 0.25 M sucrose, distinct changes in 0.1 M Tris-buffer, pH 7,5, and important ones in mercaptoaethanol-containing extraction solution, applied to preparation of tissue homogenates. 相似文献
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《Journal of aquatic animal health》2013,25(4):217-228
Abstract Dietary thiaminase I is a cause of thiamine deficiency in animals. The physiological significance of thiaminase in the organisms containing this enzyme is not known, nor are the factors causing variation in their thiaminase activity. Tests were performed to evaluate the effect a pathogen might have on thiaminase activity in fish, when analyzed both with a cosubstrate added (CATA tests) and no cosubstrate added (NCATA tests). Pyridine is known as a cosubstrate specific for thiaminase I activity that does not accelerate thiaminase II activity. Crucian carp Carassius carassius known to harbor thiaminase I activity were injected intramuscularly with live Aeromonas salmonicida, a pathogenic bacterium of fish. For comparison, other groups were injected with formalin-killed bacteria and phosphate-buffered saline, respectively; an untreated group of fish was kept as a control. The bacteria did not contain any thiaminase activity. Significantly higher thiaminase activities (CATA and NCATA) were measured in all tissues (whole blood, injected muscle, uninjected muscle, and whole fish homogenates) of fish injected with live bacteria than in the saline-injected and the uninjected groups. The thiaminase activity of blood and that in the injected, inflamed muscle tissue followed different allocation patterns in fish injected with live A. salmonicida. The amount of thiaminase I enzyme appeared to be elevated in the whole blood of injected fish in the absence of natural cosubstrate(s). The thiaminase activity of the injected, inflamed muscle suggested that both the amount of thiaminase enzyme and some yet-unidentified natural cosubstrate(s) were elevated. This suggests that in addition to the enzyme, some cosubstrate(s) of fish or pathogen origin play a regulatory role in the so-far-unknown physiological significance of thiaminase I activity in vivo. It is suggested that the health of fish should be considered when searching for factor(s) affecting its thiaminase activity. 相似文献
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B Adil K. M. Shankar B. T. Naveen Kumar Rajreddy Patil Abhiman Ballyaya K. S. Ramesh Sathish Rama Poojary Omkar V. Byadgi Prabhugouda Siriyappagouder 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2013,14(4):413-419
A monoclonal antibody-based flow-through immunoassay (FTA) was developed using a nitrocellulose membrane placed on the top of adsorbent pads enclosed in a plastic cassette with a test zone at the center. The FTA could be completed within 10 min. Clear purple dots against a white background indicated the presence of Aphanomyces (A.) invadans. The FTA limit of detection was 7 µg/mL for A. invadans compared to 56 µg/mL for the immunodot. FTA and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) could detect A. invadans in fish tissue homogenates at a 10-11 dilution compared to a 10-8 dilution by immunodot. In fish suffering from natural cases of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) collected from Mangalore, India, FTA and PCR could detect A. invadans in 100% of the samples compared to 89.04% detected by immunodot. FTA reagents were stable and produced expected results for 4 months when stored at 4~8℃. This rapid test could serve as simple and cost-effective on-site screening tool to detect A. invadans in fish from EUS outbreak areas and in ports during the shipment of live or frozen fish. 相似文献
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《Journal of aquatic animal health》2013,25(4):308-313
Abstract Administration of various immunostimulants to fish has resulted in enhanced immune responses. The purpose of this study was to determine if feeding Spirulina, a processed form of the blue-green alga Spirulina platensis, enhanced specific and nonspecific immunity and resistance against Edwardsiella ictaluri infection in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Peritoneal phagocytes from fish fed Spirulina showed enhanced phagocytosis to zymosan and increased chemotaxis to E. ictaluri exoantigen. No significant difference in mortality due to E. ictaluri existed between fish fed Spirulina and fish fed a basal diet. No significant difference in antibody titer or in the percentage of fish positive for E. ictaluri antibody was found between the groups after immunization with formalin-killed E. ictaluri. Spirulina-fed fish had significantly higher antibody titers to key hole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) on day 22, and a greater percentage of these fish were positive for KLH antibody on days 15 and 36. Feeding Spirulina enhanced nonspecific cellular immune responses such as chemotaxis and phagocytosis but did not provide protection against infection with E. ictaluri. The use of Spirulina in feed resulted in enhanced antibody responses to KLH, a thymus-dependent antigen, but not to E. ictaluri, a thymus-independent antigen. These results indicate that stimulation of the nonspecific immune system of channel catfish does not provide enhanced protection from E. ictaluri. 相似文献
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Development of a PCR assay for Streptococcus iniae based on the lactate oxidase (lctO) gene with potential diagnostic value 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Mata AI Blanco MM Domínguez L Fernández-Garayzábal JF Gibello A 《Veterinary microbiology》2004,101(2):109-116
Streptococcus iniae is a well-known pathogen of both fish and humans that is difficult to identify by conventional biochemical tests. A PCR assay based on the lactate oxidase (lctO) gene of S. iniae was developed for the rapid and specific detection and identification of this pathogen from different sources. The PCR assay had a detection limit of 62-31 cells, and 25 pg of DNA per PCR reaction mixture. The PCR was also effective in detecting the bacterium from inoculated tissue homogenates, suggesting its potential use for a rapid and accurate diagnosis of S. iniae infections. 相似文献
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Cano I Alonso MC Garcia-Rosado E Saint-Jean SR Castro D Borrego JJ 《Veterinary microbiology》2006,113(1-2):137-141
An immunoblot technique for the detection of lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) in naturally infected gilt-head seabream (Sparus aurata, L.) has been developed. A specific antiserum against a 60 kDa viral protein has been proven to be an appropriate tool for LCDV diagnosis either from inoculated cell cultures or from fish tissues using the immunoblot assay. The sensitivity of this technique varied between 10(-1) and 10(2) TCID50. LCDV has also been detected in fish tissues from both, diseased and asymptomatic gilt-head seabream. For the asymptomatic fish detection, a viral amplification step in cell culture and a subsequent viral concentration using polyethylene glycol (PEG) (600 wt) are required. On the contrary, immunoblot allowed the detection of LCDV antigens directly from tissue homogenates of diseased fish. The method described in this study shows higher sensitivity than classical detection techniques based on cell culture inoculation. 相似文献
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《Journal of aquatic animal health》2013,25(1):73-76
Abstract Several species of marine fish caught in the wild and of freshwater ornamental fish were used in this study. Infected organs (liver, spleen, and kidney) were sampled for mycobacteria. Decontaminated tissue samples were plated onto selective media for mycobacterial recovery. After initial isolation, fluorescent and acid-fast staining techniques identified bacterial colonies to genus. Profiles of biochemical growth characteristics were used to further identify the isolates to species. Five species of Mycobacterium were identified: M. simiae, M. scrofulaceum, M. marinum, M. chelonae, and M. fortuitum. Of these, M. simiae and M. scrofulaceum have not been previously reported from fish. Tissue samples containing focal granulomatous lesions were prepared for electron microscopic examination. 相似文献
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Simultaneous detection and strain differentiation of Mycobacterium bovis directly from bovine tissue specimens by spoligotyping 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Culture of Mycobacterium bovis is used routinely to support field diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis; however, this method is slow. Rapid detection and strain-typing of M. bovis directly from 37 lesioned bovine lymph node specimens was performed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based method, spoligotyping. Mycobacterial DNA was extracted from the specimens using a nucleic acid sequence capture technique. Two sets of specimens were tested, the first set comprising 16 decontaminated tissue homogenates from lesioned lymph node specimens which had been processed for BACTEC culture and a second set of 21 non-decontaminated lesioned lymph node specimens. Both sets of specimens had been frozen before analysis. Sequence capture PCR enabled detection and strain-typing of M. bovis directly from 15 of the 16 decontaminated homogenates and all 21 of the non-decontaminated tissues. Four spoligotype (ST) patterns were obtained from each set; ST1, ST2, ST3 and ST16 were detected in the decontaminated specimens and ST1, ST2, ST11 and ST14 in the non-decontaminated specimens. For both sets of specimens, ST1 was the predominant strain type detected. ST patterns obtained from the BACTEC cultures of the decontaminated specimens were in agreement with those obtained directly from the tissue. The sensitivity of detection by sequence capture-PCR compared very favourably with that of BACTEC culture. ST patterns were obtained directly from tissues of 34 of the 35 culture positive specimens and the two culture negative specimens. DNA extraction from the 21 non-decontaminated specimens involved an initial stomaching treatment. An assessment of sequence capture on both liquid alone and liquid and tissue homogenate combined, following stomaching, indicated that PCR was less successful on the liquid component alone. 相似文献
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Molnár K 《Acta veterinaria Hungarica》2000,48(4):421-432
In a three-year survey of myxosporean infections of the bleak (Alburnus alburnus), involving the examination of 205 fish specimens from the River Danube and 50 from Lake Balaton, four Myxobolus species (two gill parasites, one fin parasite and a species parasitising the skeletal muscles) were detected. Two of the species could be identified as M. alburni and M. obesus. Of the other two species, the gill parasite proved to be a hitherto undescribed species which is described here as a new species by the name of M. margitae. One of the two gill-parasitic species, M. obesus, formed plasmodia in the respiratory lamellae of the gill filaments, while the plasmodia of M. margitae n. sp. were formed in the afferent artery of the primary gill filaments. The plasmodia containing spores morphologically identifiable with the species M. alburni were located in the connective tissue between the fin rays. The less frequently found muscle-parasitic Myxobolus species has not been identified precisely. The plasmodia of M. obesus were found in the fish in May and June, while those of M. alburni and M. margitae n. sp. in July and August. The prevalence of infection in fish examined in these periods was 15.5% for M. obesus, 11.5% for M. margitae and 14.0% for M. alburni. 相似文献
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Detection of early stages of Myxobolus cerebralis in fin clips from rainbow trout (Orynchus mykiss).
Ramona T Skirpstunas John M Hergert Thomas J Baldwin 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2006,18(3):274-277
A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to detect early stages of Myxobolus cerebralis in caudal and adipose fin samples from rainbow trout (RT). To determine sensitivity, groups of 10 RT were exposed to 2,000 M. cerebralis triactinomyxons/fish for 1 hour at 15 degrees C and subsequently moved to clean recirculating water. Fish were held for 2 and 6 hours and 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 30, and 60 days before sampling by nonlethal fin biopsy. Nested PCR performed on fin clips showed that M. cerebralis DNA was detected in caudal fin tissue in 100% of fish up to 5 days postexposure. At days 7 and 10 postexposure, 80% of fish were positive, and at 60 days postexposure, 60% of fish were positive using this technique. Conversely, testing on adipose fin clips proved less sensitive, as positive fish dropped from 80% at day 7 to below 20% at day 10 postinfection. Since detection of M. cerebralis infection using caudal fin samples coupled with nested PCR is an effective method for detection of early parasite stages, use of this technique provides for accurate, nonlethal testing. 相似文献