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1.
拟盘多毛孢属的分类学研究进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
从拟盘多毛孢属及相关属的建立、属的界定特征、属内种的传统鉴定方法、拟盘多毛孢属有性阶段的形态特征等方面的叙述,展示了以形态学和分子系统学相结合建立的拟盘多毛孢属与近缘属关系的分类检索表,指出了以形态学和分子特征相结合将是拟盘多毛孢属分类命名的未来趋势。 相似文献
2.
中国拟盘多毛孢属的三个新种 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：5
本文报道拟盘多毛孢属的3个新种，它们是橄榄拟盘多毛孢、瓜栗拟盘多毛孢和鹤顶兰拟盘多毛孢。新种的模式标本保藏在广西大学农学院植保系标本室。 相似文献
3.
从一九七三年以来,我们先后到全国代表性地区共调查采获了3002号标本,经初步整理,寄主植物包括蕨类植物、裸子植物与被子植物,归属于126科290属501种。在调查采集中发现:(1)不同地区、不同季节与不同生态环境所采获的标本,无论数量、质量与病害发生情况等都很不一样;(2)盘多毛孢属特别是三个色胞 Quingueloculatae的标本最为普遍,盘多毛孢属或盘单毛孢属中的2个色胞 Quadriloculatae 或4个色胞Sexloculatae 类型均不常见;(3)在低海拔600—1000米和1500—1900米的杂木林区,西南坡向比东北坡向的植物群落以及幼、中树龄的植物上采获的标本为数较多,而在3000米以上高海拔山区或者低温的冬季采获的标本却很少;(4)短毛盘多毛孢菌Pestalotia breviseta Sacc。芒果褐斑病菌 Pestalotia pauciseta Sacc 和银杏叶斑病菌 Pestalotia ginkgo Hori(Pestalotia sinensis Shen)等标本,几乎有紫荆、芒果和银杏分布的地方都容易采到。经标本整理归类、孢子形态描述、必要的显微摄影、寄主范围综合分析与统计结果,初步认为在盘多毛孢属(三个色胞的盘多毛孢菌)的孢子形态大小、颜色深浅、分隔情况、刺毛多少以及顶胞、脚胞等性状特征,均存在性状间的相关性和显著的不同类型。这些特征类型是否作为建立一个新的分类系统的性状基础,尚有待进一步商榷。在已采获的标本中,目前仅对械树科、冬青科、小蘖科、苏木科、忍冬科、卫矛科、粗榧科、使君子科、柏科、苏铁科、柿树科、杜鹃花科、大戟科、山毛榉科、银杏科、金缕梅科、樟科、千屈菜科、锦葵科、芭蕉科、杨梅科、棕榈科、胡椒科、罗汉松科、蔷薇科、茜草科、芸香科、山榄科、杉科、葡萄科等30科78属127种寄主植物上的盘多毛孢属和盘单毛孢属的定种鉴定工作,初步鉴定到种的盘多毛孢属有45个单独种,盘单毛孢属的4个单独种。几年来工作实践表明,上述两属病原真菌,尤其是盘多毛孢菌分布十分广泛,种类繁多,并有着一定的经济重要性。 相似文献
4.
从分子系统学角度分析拟盘多毛孢属及其近缘属的界限 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
拟盘多毛孢属和截盘多毛孢属的划分界限长期以来因分类学家的观点不一致而处于模糊状态，以核糖体DNA的内转录间区序列建立分子系统树的结果支持五细胞分生孢子类型应归入拟盘多毛孢属，四细胞分生孢子类型应归入截盘多毛孢属，分子系统树同时可以反映无性阶段和有性阶段之间的联系，显示出分子系统学对形态分类学的客观性的评判作用。 相似文献
5.
中国拟盘多毛孢属的新组合种（Ⅱ） 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文为中国拟盘多毛孢属的新组合种（Ｉ）的继篇，报导了１８个不同的新组合种。这１８个新组合种是：１８．寄生在中粒种咖啡和黄檀树叶部的白斑拟盘多毛孢（Ｐｅｓｔａｌｏｔｉｏｐｓｉｓａｌｂｏ－ｍａｃｕｌａｎｓ（Ｐ．Ｈｅｎｎ）Ｙ．Ｘ．Ｃｈｅｎｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．）；１９．寄生在槭树属的鸡爪槭、樟叶槭、五角槭、三角槭、五裂槭和三裂槭等多种植物上的槭树拟盘多毛孢（Ｐｅｓｔａｌｏｔｉｏｐｓｉｓａｃｅｒｉｓ（Ｐ．Ｈｅｎｎ）Ｙ．Ｘ．Ｃｈｅｎｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．）；２０．寄生在悬钩子属的越南悬钩子、宜昌悬钩子、扇叶悬钩子、粗叶悬钩子和悬钩子上的触角形拟盘多毛孢（Ｐｅｓｔａｌｏｔｉｏｐｓｉｓａｎｔｅｎｎａｅｆｏｒｍｉｓ（Ｂ．Ｊ．Ｍｕｒｒｒａｙ）Ｙ．Ｘ．Ｃｈｅｎｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．）；２１．寄生在卫茅属的金星卫茅和卫茅及假卫茅上的卡罗列那拟盘多毛孢（Ｐｅｓｔａｌｏｌｉｏｐｓｉｓｃａｒｏｌｉｎｉａｎａ（Ｏｕｂａ）Ｙ．Ｘ．Ｃｈｅｎｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．）；２２．寄生在樟树上的樟树拟盘多毛孢（Ｐｅｓｔａｌｏｔｉｏｐｓｉｓｃｉｎｎａｍｏｍｉ（Ｂ．ｄｅＨａａｎ）Ｙ．Ｘ．Ｃｈｅｎｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．）；２３．寄生在棕榈科的 棕和西谷棕上的刚果拟盘多毛孢（Ｐ 相似文献
6.
首次报道中国拟盘多毛孢属5个不同的新组合种.这5个新组合种是:虾仔花拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis woodfordiae、鳞秕泽米铁拟盘多毛孢P.betazamiae、日本枇杷拟盘多毛孢P.eriobotrya-ejaponicae、黄兰拟盘多毛孢P.micheliae、秋枫拟盘多毛孢P.bischofiae. 相似文献
7.
首次报道中国拟盘多毛孢属5个不同的新组合种。这5个新组合种是:虾仔花拟盘多毛孢P esta lo-tiop sis w oodf ord iae、鳞秕泽米铁拟盘多毛孢P.betazam iae、日本枇杷拟盘多毛孢P.eriobotryae-jap on icae、黄兰拟盘多毛孢P.m icheliae、秋枫拟盘多毛孢P.bischof iae。 相似文献
8.
中国拟盘多毛孢属的新组合种(Ⅰ) 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
按近代 Steyaert(1949年)和 Sutton(1969,1975,1980年)有关拟盘多毛孢属(Pestalotiopsis)类真菌的分类体系及有关鉴定性状,将原归隶 Guba(1961)广义的盘多毛孢属(Pestalotia)内的17个种,进行重新组合,归入拟盘多毛孢属内,并作了重新描述。这17个新组合种是:1.寄生在芒果上的疏毛拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis pauciseta(Sacc.)Y.X.Chencomb.nov.);2.寄生在竹节海棠上的地肥拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis elephants(Car.)Y.X.Chen comb.nov.);3.寄生在咖啡上的咖啡拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis coffeae(Zimm)Y.X.Chen comb.nov.);4.寄生在紫玉盘和半枫荷叶部上的复红色拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis fuch-siae(Thuem)Y.X.Chen comb.nov.);5.寄生在毛柿上的萨卡度拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsissaccardens(Guba)Y.X.Chen comb.nov.);6.寄生在人心果上的肿瘤状拟盘多毛孢(Pestalo-tiopsis scirrofaciens(N.A.Brown)Y.X.Chen comb.nov.);7.寄生在海棠果上的海棠拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis calophylli(P.Henn)Y.X.Chen comb.nov.);8.寄生在菝葜上的近小球状拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis sphaerelloides(Ell.& Langl)Y.X.Chen comb.nov.);9.寄生在棕榈、海枣及油梨上的鲜红拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis phoenicis(Vize)Y.X.Chencomb.nov.);10.寄生在龙眼和酸藤果叶部上的巴拉圭拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis paraguarien-sis(Maubl)Y.X.Chen comb.nov.);11.寄生在紫金牛叶部上的夷兰拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiop-sis canangae(Koord)Y.X.Chen comb.nov.);12.奇生在杨梅上的爪哇拟盘多毛孢(Pestalo-tiopsis javanica(Guba)Y.X.Chen comb.nov.);13.寄生在石南叶部上的石南拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis photiniae(Thuem)Y.X.Chen comb.nov.);14.寄生在大化紫薇叶部上的大花紫薇拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis lagerstromiae(Mahaiskar)Y.X.Chen comb.nov);15.寄生于川挂、广西玉桂和黄樟上的驼背拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis gibberosa(Sacc.)Y.X.Chencomb.nov.);16.寄生在枇杷叶部上的稠李拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis laurocerasi(Westd)Y.X.Chen comb.nov.);17.寄生在紫荆叶片上的长角状拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis siliquastri(Thuem)Y.X.Chen comb.nov.)。 相似文献
9.
中国拟盘多毛孢属的新组合种(Ⅲ) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文为中国拟盘多毛孢属新组合种（Ⅰ）、（Ⅱ）的续篇，报道１１个不同的新组合种。这１１个新组合种是：３６．寄生在柑桔和黄皮树叶部的柑桔拟盘多毛孢（Ｐｅｓｔａｌｏｔｉｏｐｓｉｓｃｉｔｒｉ（Ｍｕｎｄｋ＆Ｋｈｅｓｗａｌａ）Ｙ．Ｘ．Ｃｈｅｎｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ）；３７．寄生在忍冬科荚艹迷属植物的叶部的双纤毛拟盘多毛孢（Ｐｅｓｔａｌｏｔｉｏｐｓｉｓｂｉｃｉｌｉａ（Ｄｅａｒｎ＆Ｂｉｓｂｙ）Ｙ．Ｘ．Ｃｈｅｎｃｏｍｂ．ｍｏｖ．）；３８．寄生在腰果树叶部的异角状的拟盘多毛孢（Ｐｅｓｔａｌｏｔｉｏｐｓｉｓｈｅｔｅｒｏｃｏｒｎｉｓ（Ｇｕｂａ）Ｙ．Ｘ．Ｃｈｅｎｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．）；３９．寄生在月桂的叶部的孢子器型拟盘多毛孢（Ｐｅｓｔａｌｏｔｉｏｐｓｉｓｐｙｃｎｏｉｄｅｓ（Ａｌｍ．＆Ｃａｍａｒａ）Ｙ．Ｘ．Ｃｈｅｎｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．）；４０．寄生在杜鹃花科的白珠树叶部的白珠树拟盘多毛孢（ＰｅｓｔａｌｏｔｉｏｐｓｉｓｇａｕｔｈｅｒｉａｅＤｅａｒｎ＆Ｈｏｕｓｅ）Ｙ．Ｘ．Ｃｈｅｎｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．）；４１．寄生在雀梅藤和鼠李叶部的鼠李拟盘多毛孢（Ｐｅｓｔａｌｏｔｉｏｐｓｉｓｒｈａｍａｎｉ（Ｃｅｌｏｔｉ）Ｙ．Ｘ．Ｃｈｅｎｃｏｍｂ．ｎｏｖ．）；４２． 相似文献
10.
中国拟盘多毛孢属的新组合种(Ⅳ) 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：6
按近代 Steyaert(1 95 3年 )和 Sutton(1 980年 )有关拟盘多毛孢属 (Pestalotiopsis)的分类体系和有关鉴定性状 ,本文首次报道中国拟盘多毛孢属 8个不同的新组合种。这 8个新组合种是 :(1 )寄生在石榴叶部的石榴拟盘多毛孢 Pestalotiopsispunicae(Husei) Y.X.Chen et Z.W.Wang comb.nov.;(2 )寄生在草莓叶部的阿寇东拟盘多毛孢 Pestalotiopsis jeolikotonis(S.K.Bose) Y.X.Chen et G.Wei comb.nov.;(3 )寄生在山楂叶片、幼苗、枝条与主干等部位的山楂拟盘多毛孢 Pestalotiopsis crataegine(Ell. &EV.Bull)Y.X.Chen et Z.W.Wang comb.nov.;(4 )寄生在木菠萝叶部和果实等部位的木菠萝拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis artocarpi(Nag Raj&Kendric) Y.X.Chen et G.Weicomb.nov.;(5 )寄生在酸藤果叶部的酸藤果拟盘多毛孢 Pestalotiopsis embeliae (M.S.Patil &Theite) Y.X.Chen et G.Weicomb.nov.;(6)寄生在海葡萄叶部的海葡萄拟盘多毛孢 Pestalotiopsiscoccolobae(Ell.et EV.Bull) Y.X.Chen et G.Wei comb.nov.;(7)寄生在华榛叶部的华榛拟盘多毛孢 Pestalotiopsiscoryli(Roster) Y.X.Chen et G.Weicomb.nov.;(8)寄生在荔枝叶部的荔枝拟盘多毛孢 Pestalotiopsislitchii (Sawada) Y.X.Chen et G.Wei comb.nov. 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
18.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
19.
Three slow-growing legume trees used for desert reforestation and urban gardening in the Sonoran Desert of Northwestern Mexico
and the Southwestern USA were evaluated whether their growth can be promoted by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria
(Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), unidentified arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (mainly Glomus sp.), and supplementation with common compost under regular screenhouse cultivation common to these trees in nurseries. Mesquite
amargo (Prosopis articulata) and yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) had different positive responses to several of the parameters tested while blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) did not respond. Survival of all tree species was over 80% and survival of mesquite was almost 100% after 10 months of cultivation.
Inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms induced significant effects on the leaf gas exchange of these trees, measured
as transpiration and diffusive resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions. 相似文献
20.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献