共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
人们发现共轭亚油酸(CLA)具有抗癌及其他对动物健康有益的生物学活性。CLA主要存在于反刍动物来源的食品中,奶制品是人类饮食中CLA的主要来源。许多营养学家研究提高乳中CLA含量的营养学方法,发现日粮脂肪酸能够影响乳中CLA含量。本文综述了CLA在奶牛体内的合成代谢途径以及影响奶牛乳脂中CLA含量的主要日粮因素。 相似文献
2.
不同共轭亚油酸水平对淘汰安格斯母牛血清生化指标和肌肉脂肪酸的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验旨在研究不同共轭亚油酸（CLA）水平对淘汰安格斯母牛血清生化指标及肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响。采用完全随机设计的方法,选用40头健康无病、体重（417.70±30.83）kg的22月龄淘汰安格斯母牛,随机分为4组,每组10头。对照组不添加CLA,试验组分别添加0.5%（0.5% CLA组）、1.0%（1.0% CLA组）和1.5%（1.5% CLA组）CLA,整个试验期为105 d,其中预试期15 d,正试期90 d。试验结束时,每组随机选取3头体重相近的试验牛采血并屠宰,测定其血清中总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、生长激素（GH）、胰岛素（INS）、脂联素（ADPN）和瘦素（LEP）及肌肉脂肪酸含量。结果表明：各组间血清中TC、TG、HDL、LDL及GH、ADPN和LEP含量均无显著差异（P>0.05）;对照组和1.0% CLA组血清中INS含量显著低于0.5%、1.5% CLA组（P<0.05）,但0.5% CLA组和1.5% CLA组之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。日粮中添加CLA对淘汰安格斯母牛肌肉中脂肪酸含量有影响,与对照组相比,0.5%、1.0%和1.5% CLA组C14：0含量与1.0% CLA组C16：0含量显著降低（P<0.05）,且均以1.0% CLA组C14：0与C16：0含量最低;1.0% CLA组C18：1n9c、MUFA（单不饱和脂肪酸）含量及1.0%、1.5% CLA组C18：2n6c、PUFA（多不饱和脂肪酸）含量显著提高（P<0.05）,且均以1.0% CLA组不饱和脂肪酸含量最高。由此可见,在该试验条件下,日粮中添加1.0% CLA能降低淘汰安格斯母牛血清中INS水平,提高牛肉中MUFA和PUFA含量,改善牛肉品质。 相似文献
3.
反刍动物乳肉产品是人类摄取共轭亚油酸(CLA)的主要来源,但反刍动物乳肉产品中CLA的含量较低,CLA及CLA在乳腺和脂肪组织中的合成前体十八碳单烯酸是不饱和脂肪酸瘤胃生物氢化的中间产物,深入了解不饱和脂肪酸的瘤胃生物氢化过程和代谢途径有助于通过瘤胃调控有针对性地提高反刍动物肉奶产品中CLA的含量.综述不同瘤胃微生物对脂肪酸的生物氢化作用及主要的不饱和脂肪酸在生物氢化过程中的中间代谢产物,为进一步调控反刍动物乳肉脂肪酸组成提供依据. 相似文献
4.
选用72只20周龄母鸡作为试验动物,按单因子设计随机分成3组,每组6个重复,每重复4只鸡,分别添加0、0.5%和1%共轭亚油酸(CLA)的日粮,以研究CLA对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋中胆固醇和脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明:添加0.5%和1%CLA并不影响蛋鸡的生产性能;蛋中胆固醇含量随CLA添加水平的提高呈线性降低,试验后添加0.5%和1%CLA组蛋黄中胆固醇含量分别比无添加组降低17.75%和21.24%(P≤0.05);脂肪酸分析结果表明:CLA添加能明显提高蛋黄中饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量,却使蛋黄中单不饱和脂肪酸含量显著降低,蛋中CLA含量与饱和脂肪酸变化表现出相同规律,即随着日粮中CLA添加水平的提高明显增加,比无添加组分别提高251.56%和265.63%。 相似文献
5.
6.
选择艾维因肉鸡360羽,随机分为5个处理,每处理设3个重复,每重复24只鸡,分别饲喂添加0%、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%和2.0%共轭亚油的(CLA)的试验日粮,旨在探讨CLA添加水平对肉鸡脂质代谢和胸、腿肌及腹脂中脂肪酸组成的影响,试验期为49d。结果表明:在肉鸡生长各个阶段,尽管CLA添加对血清中TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C含量和HDL-C/LDL-C影响不明显,但TC、TG含量都有降低趋势,而HDL-C/LDL-C有增加趋势。脂肪酸组成分析显示,CLA添加增加胸肌和腹脂中肉豆蔻酸(C14:0)、棕榈酸(C16:0)、硬脂酸(C18:0)和TSFA的含量,降低棕榈油酸(C16:1)、油酸(C18:1)和TMUFA含量;胸肌中TP-UFA含量不受CLA添加的影响,但腹脂和腿肌中TPUFA含量随CLA添加而显著增加(0P<0.05)。胸肌和腹脂中CLA含量处理组明显比对照组高,且随日粮中CLA含量的增加而逐渐增加,腿肌中CLA的含量很低,也未表现出相应的剂量效应,且仅在2%添加组检测到CLA的存在。 相似文献
7.
本文主要研究了奶牛日粮添加植物油籽引起原料乳脂肪酸组成情况及CLA含量变化的影响,初步探讨改善牛奶脂肪酸构成、提高乳脂中CLA含量的途径.选取45头泌乳期荷斯坦牛,分为3组,以不添加油籽为对照组,以添加油葵籽和亚麻籽作为两个试验处理组,采用完全随机试验设计,测定乳脂中脂肪酸含量.结果显示,日粮中添加油葵籽和亚麻籽实能显著提高乳脂中CLA、EPA、DHA和PUFA的含量(P＜0.05),降低月桂酸(C12:0)、棕榈酸(C16:0)、硬酯酸(C18:0)等饱和脂肪酸水平,多不饱和与饱和脂肪酸(PUFA/SFA)之比显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),分别提高92.32％和36.37％.乳脂中CLA(c9t11t,10t12c)比例油葵籽和亚麻籽两个处理组依次比对照组提高了161.01％ (P＜0.05)和53.18％ (P＜0.05)；油葵籽组的EPA、DHA含量分别较对照组提高80.91％和196.20％,亚麻籽组的EPA、DHA含量分别较对照组提高143.32％和255.84％.日粮中添加植物油料籽实,优化了乳脂肪酸的构成,油葵籽对乳脂中CLA的提高效果比亚麻籽更好. 相似文献
8.
共轭亚油酸对肉鸡血脂含量和体脂脂肪酸组成的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
选择艾维因肉鸡360羽,随机分为5个处理,每处理设3个重复,每重复24只鸡,分别饲喂添加0％、0．5％、1．0％、1．5％和2．0%共轭亚油的（CLA）的试验日粮,旨在探讨CLA添加水平对内鸡脂质代谢和胸、腿肌及腹脂中脂肪酸组成的影响,试验期为49d。结果表明：在肉鸡生长各个阶段,尽管CLA添加对血清中TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C含量和HDL—C／LDL-C影响不明显,但TC、TG含量都有降低趋势,而HDL—C／LDL-C有增加趋势。脂肪酸组成分析显示,CLA添加增加胸肌和腹脂中肉豆蔻酸（C14：0）、棕榈酸（C16：0）、硬脂酸（C18：0）和TSFA的含量,降低棕榈油酸（C16：1）、油酸（C18：1）和TMUFA含量;胸肌中TP—UFA含量不受CLA添加的影响,但腹脂和腿肌中TPUFA含量随CLA添加而显著增加（0P〈0．05）。胸肌和腹脂中CLA含量处理组明显比对照组高,且随日粮中CLA含量的增加而逐渐增加,腿肌中CLA的含量很低,也未表现出相应的剂量效应,且仅在2％添加组检测到CLA的存在。 相似文献
9.
日粮中脂肪酸对羊牛猪肉中长链多不饱和脂肪酸和共轭亚油酸的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
随着消费者健康意识的提高,越来越多的研究关注提高家养动物肉产品中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量,尤其是n-3长链脂肪酸和共轭亚油酸(CLA)在羊、牛、猪肉肌内脂中的含量。研究结果表明通过添加鱼油或鱼粉能提高动物肉中n-3长链脂肪酸含量。富含亚麻油酸(LNA)的日粮能提高肉中LNA、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳五烯酸(DPA)水平,但大部分对肌肉中二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)水平没有影响。然而,在日粮中添加鱼油或鱼粉大部分能提高动物肌肉中DHA含量。大部分研究中提高n-3脂肪酸含量的同时n-6脂肪酸含量下降,这主要归因于试验组日粮中n-6脂肪酸降低。这样刚好可以使肉中两者比例更合理,但对多不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸比例没什么影响。饲喂反刍动物富含n-3脂肪酸日粮(亚麻籽或加草料)、鱼油或富含LA的浓缩料可提高肌肉中c9t11CLA含量。牛肉、羊肉中c9t11CLA在总脂中含量介于0.2~1.0 g/100 g,不随营养因素提高到更高。相对应的,在单胃动物日粮中添加混合CLA油则显著提高CLA含量。 相似文献
10.
试验选择132日龄的产蛋期健康鹌鹑450只,分成3组,各组日粮中共轭亚油酸(CLA)的添加量分别为0%、2.0%和4.0%。试验期30d。结果表明,日粮中添加CLA对鹌鹑产蛋量、平均蛋重、料蛋比、产蛋率无显著影响(P0.05)。脂肪酸分析表明,CLA明显降低鹌鹑蛋黄中总单不饱和脂肪酸含量,但能增加总饱和脂肪酸和总多不饱和脂肪酸及CLA的含量。2.0%CLA处理组20d鹌鹑蛋黄中的CLA含量达最大。鹌鹑饲粮中添加CLA可生产出富含CLA的鹌鹑蛋。 相似文献
11.
Dietary conjugated linoleic acid alters fatty acid composition of pig skeletal muscle and fat 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
The dietary dose responsiveness of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) addition relative to the fatty acid profile of edible lean tissue was examined in grower pigs treated with or without porcine somatotropin (pST). Gilts and barrows were fed CLA at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0% of diet by weight from 20 to 55 kg BW. Additional pigs were administered (pST) at 0 or 100 microg x kg BW x d(-1) and fed either 0.5 or 2.0% CLA. Animals were fed diets containing 18% CP, 1.2% lysine, and 3.5 Mcal of DE/kg at 110% of ad libitum intake. The fatty acid profile in latissimus dorsi and dorsal s.c. adipose tissue samples was determined by gas chromatography. Dietary CLA replacement of corn oil increased the percentage of total fatty acids as stearic acid, whereas the percentages as oleic and linolenic acids were reduced in lattisimus muscle. Treatment with CLA + pST increased the percentages of linoleic and arachidonic acids while reducing the percentages of palmitic and oleic acids in lattisimus muscle. Dietary CLA increased the percentages of palmitic and stearic acids in s.c. adipose tissue while reducing the percentages of oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids. The percentage of palmitic acid was reduced in s.c. adipose tissue, whereas linoleic acid was increased with CLA + pST. No synergistic effect was detected between CLA and pST for reducing carcass lipid content in grower pigs. However, pST increased the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lattisimus muscle and s.c. adipose tissue while reducing the percentages of saturated fatty acids in swine fed CLA. 相似文献
12.
共轭亚油酸及其生物学功能研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
共轭亚油酸（CLA）是含有共轭双键的亚油酸家族的总称,在这个家族中至少有28个同分异构体,它们主要存在于反刍动物的脂肪中.其中含量最多,生物学功能最为广泛的c9t11 CLA,占整个CLA总量的80％～90％.其生物学功能包括抗肿瘤细胞生长、改善心血管系统功能、增强机体免疫力以及预防糖尿病等.其次为t1oc12 CLA,占CLA总量的3％～5％,其主要生物学功能为降低脂肪酸的合成,抑制脂肪细胞的分化与生长等.给反刍动物饲喂具有不同脂肪酸含量特征的油菜籽、长链不饱和脂肪酸等,或对体内硬酯酰辅酶A去饱和酶的活性进行调节,均可提高反刍动物组织中的CLA含量,从而生产出具有促进人体健康的功能性畜产品.未来的研究应该阐明共轭亚油酸中的共轭结构是如何发挥其生物学功能的,在其他营养物质中是否也存在具有生物学功能的结构形式. 相似文献
13.
Oleszczuk J Oleszczuk L Siwicki AK Skopińska-Skopińska E 《Polish journal of veterinary sciences》2012,15(2):403-408
Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are a group of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with a single pair of conjugated double bonds. The major natural CLA isomer is 18:2 cis-9, trans-11 (c9, t11) linoleic acid, or rumenic acid (RA). Chemically synthesized CLA is also available, mostly as a mixture of RA and 18:2 trans-10, cis-12 (t10, c12) isomers in equal amounts (50:50). Consumption of ruminant meat (beef and lamb) and dairy products (milk and cheese) is the main source of dietary exposure to CLA. Despite numerous studies on animal and human models (tumorigenesis, obesity, immune response) it has not been established whether additional supplementation of CLA is of benefit. Moreover, some studies, conducted both in animals and in humans, reveal that CLA isomers may induce insulin resistance. Presently, balanced diet rich in CLA from natural sources is recommended. The purpose of this review was to sum up the results available in the literature. 相似文献
14.
Eighteen steers were used to evaluate the effect of supplemental corn oil level to steers grazing endophyte-free tall fescue on fatty acid composition of LM, stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) activity and expression as well as cellularity in s.c. adipose. Corn oil was supplemented (g/kg of BW) at 0 (none), 0.75 (medium), and 1.5 (high). Cottonseed hulls were used as a carrier for the corn oil and were supplemented according to pasture availability (0.7 to 1% of BW). Steers were finished on a rotationally grazed, tall fescue pasture for 116 d. Fatty acid composition of LM, s.c. adipose, and diet was determined by GLC. Total linoleic acid intake increased linearly (P < 0.01) with corn oil supplementation (90.7, 265.1, and 406.7 g in none, medium, and high, respectively). Oil supplementation linearly reduced (P < 0.05) myristic, palmitic, and linolenic acid percentage in LM and s.c. adipose. Vaccenic acid (C18:1 t11; VA) percentage was 46 and 32% greater (linear, P = 0.02; quadratic, P = 0.01) for medium and high, respectively, than none, regardless of tissue. Effect of oil supplementation on CLA cis-9, trans-11 was affected by type of adipose tissue (P < 0.01). In the LM, CLA cis-9, trans-11 isomer was 25% greater for medium than for none and intermediate for high, whereas CLA cis-9, trans-11 CLA isomer was 48 and 33% greater in s.c. adipose tissue for medium and high than for none, respectively. Corn oil linearly increased (P 0.05) the percentage of total SFA, MUFA, or PUFA but linearly increased (P = 0.03) n-6:n-3 ratio from 2.4 to 2.9 in none and high, respectively. Among tissues, total SFA and MUFA were greater in s.c. adipose than LM, whereas total PUFA, n-6, and n-3 fatty acids and the n-6:n-3 ratio were lower. Trans-10 octadecenoic acid, VA, and CLA trans-10, cis-12 were greater (P < 0.01) in s.c. adipose than in LM. Oil supplementation did not alter (P > 0.05) stearoyl CoA desaturase activity or mRNA expression. Corn oil supplementation to grazing steers reduced the percentages of highly atherogenic fatty acids (myristic and palmitic acids) and increased the percentages of antiatherogenic and anticarcinogenic fatty acids (VA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA). 相似文献
15.
饱和脂肪酸对高温环境条件下泌乳中期奶牛产奶性能及牛奶脂肪酸组成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文旨在研究饱和脂肪酸对高温环境条件下泌乳中期奶牛产奶性能和牛奶中脂肪酸组成的影响.选择产后150～210 d的中国荷斯坦奶牛48头,根据产奶量、分娩时间和胎次分为对照组(SFA 0)、1.5%(SFA 1.5)和3.0%(SFA 3.0)饱和脂肪酸试验组.试验期间牛舍最小湿热指数(THI)在72以上.试验结果,日粮添加饱和脂肪酸提高4%乳脂校正产奶量(P＜0.05),SFA 1.5与SFA 3.0脂肪组之间差异不显著(P＞0.05).乳脂和总固形物含量,SFA 3.0组高于对照组(P＜0.05),SFA 1.5组与对照组和SFA 3.0组间差异均不显著(P＞0.05).乳蛋白、乳糖、乳尿素氮和乳中体细胞评分各组间差异均不显著(P＞0.05).日粮添加饱和脂肪酸的量对乳脂和乳总固形物呈线性增加(P＜0.05),对乳蛋白的含量呈二次曲线增加(P＜0.05).中链、长链、长链不饱和、总不饱和、t10c12CLA、总饱和脂肪酸、长链不饱和与总不饱和脂肪酸的比例各组间差异均不显著(P＞0.05).SFA 3.0组短链脂肪酸低于对照组(P＜0.01)和SFA1.5组(P＜0.05),SFA 1.5组与对照组差异不显著(P＞0.05).日粮添加饱和脂肪酸呈线性降低乳中短链脂肪酸含量(P=0.03)和c9t11CLA含量(P＜0.01),SFA 0、SFA1.5和SFA 3.0组乳中c9t11CLA含量分别为0.72、0.64和0.55 g/100 g脂肪.结果表明,泌乳中期热应激奶牛日粮添加饱和脂肪酸可显著提高产奶量、乳脂率和乳中总固形物含量;对乳中脂肪酸组成无明显影响;c9t11CLA含量显著降低,但仍在正常范围之内. 相似文献
16.
17.
为研究牧草物候期对其脂肪酸组成和放牧牦牛乳中共轭亚油酸（CLA）含量的影响及其相关关系,本研究在甘肃省甘南牧区选取平均体重为（234.9±10.5） kg的10头带犊甘南牦牛作为研究对象（自然放牧）,分别于牧草返青期、盛草期、枯草期采集试验牦牛采食牧草、乳和瘤胃液,分别测定瘤胃液、牧草中脂肪酸及乳脂中共轭亚油酸组成,并分析其相关关系,以期探明牧草物候期对牦牛瘤胃液和牧草中脂肪酸组成与放牧牦牛乳中共轭亚油酸含量的影响及其变化规律。结果表明：物候期显著影响了牧草中月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、总脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸/总脂肪酸（P<0.05）,盛草期牧草中月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、总脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸含量/总脂肪酸均显著高于返青期和枯草期（P<0.05）;物候期显著影响了牦牛乳中共轭亚油酸异构体c9t11、共轭亚油酸异构体t10c12和共轭亚油酸总含量（P<0.05）,盛草期放牧牦牛乳中共轭亚油酸异构体c9t11、共轭亚油酸异构体t10c12和共轭亚油酸总含量显著高于返青期和枯草期（P<0.05）;物候期显著影响了牦牛瘤胃pH值、乙酸、丙酸、乙酸/丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸、总挥发酸和反式11-油酸含量（P<0.05）,盛草期牦牛瘤胃乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸总挥发酸和反式11-油酸含量显著高于返青期和枯黄期（P<0.05）;牧草粗蛋白、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物、单宁酸、总脂肪酸和瘤胃液pH值与放牧牦牛乳中CLA含量显著正相关（P<0.05）,粗纤维和粗灰分与放牧牦牛乳中CLA含量显著负相关（P<0.05）,多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）和瘤胃总挥发酸（TVFA）与放牧牦牛乳中CLA含量无显著相关关系（P>0.05）。 相似文献
18.
A. Troegeler‐Meynadier C. Palagiano F. Enjalbert 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2014,98(4):704-713
The ruminal biohydrogenation of c9,c12‐18:2 can be affected by the fibre/starch ratio of the diet and the ruminal pH. The objectives of this study were to examine independently in vitro the effects of fermentation substrate (hay vs. corn starch) and buffer pH (6 vs. 7) on the biohydrogenation of c9,c12‐18:2 carried out by grape seed oil, focusing on its t11 and t10 pathways, using 6‐h ruminal incubations. The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Fermentation substrate and pH affected the C18 fatty acid balance in incubated media, but few interactions were observed. Compared with starch, hay as the fermentation substrate favoured the production of 18:0 (×2.3), all trans‐18:1 isomers (×12.6) and CLA (×6.1), except c9,t11‐CLA, and the disappearance of unsaturated C18 fatty acids, but decreased the production of odd and branched chain fatty acids. Compared with pH 6 buffer, pH 7 buffer resulted in higher c9,c12‐18:2 disappearance and CLA production. For c9,t11‐CLA, an interaction was noticed between the two factors, leading to the highest production in cultures incubated on hay with the 7 pH buffer. Compared with starch, hay as fermentation substrate favoured the activity of t11 producers, which are fibrolytic bacteria, and the production of t10 isomers, possibly due to the presence of potential t10 producers in hay. Low pH resulted in a decreased t11 isomers production and in a slightly increased t10 isomers production, probably due to a modulation of enzymatic or bacterial activity. 相似文献