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1.
三峡水库岸坡系统不同用地类型对土壤酶活性和土壤化学性质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以三峡水库岸坡系统常见的5种不同土地利用类型(林地、草地、退耕地、耕地、消落带)为对象,研究不同用地类型下土壤酶活性、土壤化学性质及其二者之间的关系。结果表明:林地土壤的过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶的活性在所有用地类型中最低,这与耕地土壤中的蔗糖酶、蛋白酶活性最低形成鲜明对照。与之相反,退耕地土壤中的脲酶、蛋白酶活性最高,而草地中的蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶活性居于最高。相关性分析表明:土壤过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶活性与全氮、速效氮、全磷、有机质含量以及pH值分别呈现极显著的正相关,但碱性磷酸酶活性与速效磷含量呈现出极显著的负相关。蔗糖酶和脲酶活性则与全氮、速效氮、速效磷、pH值也呈显著的相关性。脲酶与有机质含量之间、蛋白酶与全氮、速效氮、pH值之间均分别呈显著相关性。林地土壤的全氮、速效氮、全磷、速效磷含量在几种用地类型中居于最低,岸坡林地能够有效减少可能进入三峡库区水体的N,P含量。消落带土壤中的速效氮、速效磷以及全磷含量在所有用地类型中最高,消落带的人为耕作可能是加剧水库水体N,P元素富营养化的重要来源之一。建议在三峡库区进一步增加林地,限制在消落带进行耕作等农事活动。 相似文献
2.
为分析茶花根际土壤化学性质、微生物数量以及酶活性,以广东省佛山林业科学研究所的山茶园中10种茶花为研究对象,在山茶园用5点取样法采集各茶花品种的0~40 cm土壤样品,用常规方法测定土壤pH值、有机质、全N、全P、全K、碱解N、速效P和速效K含量,用稀释平板法测定细菌、真菌和放线菌数量,分别用比色法、磷酸苯二钠比色法和高锰酸钾滴定法测定过脲酶、酸性磷酸酶及氧化氢酶酶活性,同时对土壤化学性质、微生物与酶活性之间进行相关性分析。结果表明,茶花样地的土壤养分状况存在差异,茶花的土壤pH值范围为4.02~4.27,有机质含量范围为15.64~24.21 g·kg~(-1),土壤全N、全P、全K含量范围分别为0.84~1.16、0.45~0.81、、5.50~6.54 g·kg~(-1),土壤碱解N、速效P、速效K含量范围分别为65.83~103.21、7.46~30.67、70.87~111.18 mg·kg~(-1)。土壤细菌、真菌、放线菌含量的范围分别为2×10~6~30×10~6、2.23×10~5~27.83×10~5、6.67×10~4~52.67×10~4 CFU·g~(-1),土壤过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶、脲酶的活性范围分别为1.29~2.02 m L·g~(-1)h~(-1)、245.94~413.80 mg·kg~(-1)h~(-1)、618.83~1 212.39 mg·kg~(-1)d~(-1)。土壤有机质含量与土壤细菌和放线菌数量之间,全N与过氧化氢酶之间,碱解N与放线菌及过氧化氢酶之间,全P和速效P与放线菌和过氧化氢酶之间,速效K与酸性磷酸酶之间均呈显著正相关。10种茶花的土壤肥力综合排序依次为:恒丰9号海泡烈香杰作茶梅甜香水张氏红山茶皇家天鹅绒赛桃红黄绣球。 相似文献
3.
八角林地土壤酶活性和养分的分布特点及其相关分析 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8
研究了广西高峰林场和大明山自然保护区八角林地土壤酶活性(包括过氧化氢酶、转化酶、脲酶、蛋白酶和酸性磷酸酶)和养分的分布特点及土壤酶活性与土壤养分的关系。结果表明:(1)土壤养分含量和酶活性以表层土壤的最大,随土壤深度的增加逐渐下降;(2)坡位不同,土壤养分含量和主要酶活性也不同,呈现下坡>上坡的趋势;(3)土壤酶活性与土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、水解氮、速效磷和速效钾密切相关,不同的土壤酶活性之间存在极显著的相关性。因此,土壤酶活性可作为八角林地土壤肥力的指标之一。 相似文献
4.
桉树人工林地土壤酶活性与营养元素含量关系研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
运用典范相关分析 (canonicalcorrelationanalysis)对桉树人工林地土壤酶活性和土壤营养元素含量关系的研究表明 ,土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和蛋白酶活性与营养元素全P和全N含量关系最大 ,即正效应较大 ,它们对N、P的转化具有重要作用。转化酶活性在一定程度上对土壤养分K、P和Mg含量有一定的负相关作用。“综合土壤酶因子”可作为土壤肥力评价的一个指标 相似文献
5.
《林业科学研究》2021,34(2)
[目的 ]研究不同森林类型中模拟N沉降对土壤酶活性的影响,旨在为N素对区域森林土壤酶活性及土壤活动相关研究提供理论依据。[方法 ]以滇中磨盘山典型森林云南松(Pinus yunnanensis Franch.)林、高山栎(Quercus semecarpifolia Smith)林、华山松(Pinus armandii Franch.)林和常绿阔叶(Evergreen broad-leaf)林为研究对象,于2018年1月—2018年12月设置:对照(CK,0 g N·m-2·a-1)、低N(LN,5 g N·m-2·a-1)、中N(MN,15 g N·m-2·a-1]和高N(HN,30 g N·m-2·a-1)4种N处理,测定不同施N水平4种林地0～5、5～10和10～20 cm土层蔗糖酶、淀粉酶、脲酶、天门冬酰胺酶、酸性磷酸酶、蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶活性。[结果 ]表明:土壤深度对4种森林类型中8种土壤酶活性的影响均表现为10～20 cm土层土壤酶活性低于5～10 cm土层,降幅最高达76.8%,常绿阔叶林与云南松林土壤过氧化氢酶和高山栎林与云南松林土壤多酚氧化酶活性则在0～5 cm土层受到抑制,活性最低时仅为5～10 cm土层活性的15.4%;施N水平对土壤酶活性影响较为显著,LN显著抑制了高山栎林土壤蔗糖酶与淀粉酶活性;各N处理对脲酶、蛋白酶无显著影响;除常绿阔叶林外,LN处理显著提高了0～10 cm土层天门冬酰胺酶和酸性磷酸酶活性,各N处理抑制了华山松林土壤过氧化氢酶活性和各林分土壤多酚氧化酶活性,促进了高山栎林、云南松林土壤过氧化氢酶活性;森林类型对土壤蔗糖酶、淀粉酶、脲酶、天门冬酰胺酶、酸性磷酸酶、蛋白酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶影响显著(P 0.01)。[结论 ]森林类型和土壤深度是影响N沉降下土壤蔗糖酶、淀粉酶、脲酶、天门冬酰胺酶、酸性磷酸酶、蛋白酶和过氧化氢酶活性变化差异的重要因素;土壤多酚氧化酶对施N水平反应敏感,对森林类型反应较不敏感;8种土壤酶中,天门冬酰胺酶对不同土壤深度、不同施N水平和不同森林类型三者交互作用的响应最为敏感。 相似文献
6.
不同连茬代数杉木人工林生长及土壤性质比较研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对２０年生的第１代与第２代的杉木林生长及土壤化学性质和酶活性进行研究。结果表明，第２代的林分平均胸径、平均树高、优势高及蓄积量比第１代显著的低；第２代的土壤有机质、水解Ｎ、速效Ｐ、速效Ｋ、交换性Ｍｇ比第１代明显下降；第２代土壤过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶与脲酶的活性显著地低于第１代。这表明杉木连载后土壤的化学性质和酶活性都明显劣变，进而导致第２代杉木生长明显下降。 相似文献
7.
广西英罗港不同红树植物群落土壤理化性质与酶活性的研究 总被引：60，自引：5，他引：60
本文对广西英罗港自然保护区不同红树植物群落土壤主要性质进行了较系统的研究。结果表明 ,英罗港不同红树植物群落土壤理化性质和酶活性均存在明显差异 ,土壤粘粒粉粒含量和有机质、全氮、水解氮、全磷、速效磷及盐分含量为 :木榄群落 >红海榄群落 >秋茄群落 >桐花树群落 >白骨群落 ;土壤蔗糖酶、蛋白酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶 4种水解酶和过氧化氢酶的活性大小顺序为红海榄群落 >木榄群落 >秋茄群落 >桐花树群落 >白骨壤群落 ,多酚氧化酶则与此相反 ;土壤养分含量和土壤水解酶以及多酚氧化酶活性均随剖面深度而降低 ,过氧化氢酶则呈相反趋势。英罗港红树植物群落土壤酶活性与土壤肥力因素密切相关 ,各土壤酶活性之间也存在不同程度的相关性。因此 ,土壤酶活性可以作为该土壤肥力的指标之一。 相似文献
8.
施肥对毛竹笋材两用林土壤养分分布与肥力状况的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了三明市毛竹笋材两用林施肥前后土壤10项养分指标分布特性及施肥后土壤综合养分状况。结果表明:施肥后土壤养分指标变异系数为3.2%~76.5%,属弱变异至中等变异程度;除pH值、全磷含量偏斜量绝对值小于5%之外,其它养分指标分布发生不同程度偏斜。应用主成分分析法,取前3个主成分作为土壤养分的综合指标,土壤的有机质、碱解氮、全氮、速效钾首先反映出土壤养分状况,其次为有效磷,第3为pH值、交换性镁。14个试验处理的土壤养分水平差异较明显,试验处理N2P2K2、N1P2K1、N2P2K1的养分综合得分值最高,而缺素试验处理(N0P2K2、N2P0K2、N2P2K0)综合得分值分列第11、13、12位,说明氮、磷、钾肥的合理配比施肥可有效提高土壤养分综合水平。 相似文献
9.
以自然修复的矿区废弃地土壤为对照,从土壤酶活性的垂直分布、季节动态特征及其与土壤养分含量、重金属含量相关性研究了人工修复的栾树Koelreuteria paniclata、杜英Elaeocarpus decipens混交林(修复地)对湘潭锰矿区废弃地土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明:0～60 cm土层中,随着土层深度的增加,土壤酶活性逐渐下降;同一土层中,修复地土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性均高于对照地,且脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性的差异均达到了极显著差异(P＜0.01),0～20 cm土层中蔗糖酶酶活性的差异达到显著水平(P＜0.05);同一季节修复地土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性均显著或极显著高于对照地(P＜0.05),秋、冬季修复地土壤蔗糖酶活性显著高于对照地(P＜0.05),夏季差异不显著(P＞0.05),而春季修复地显著低于对照地(P＜0.05);土壤酶活性与土壤有机质、全N、Mg含量呈极显著(P＜0.01)或显著(P＜0.05)的正相关性,与土壤微生物数量之间均呈极显著或显著的正相关;土壤中重金属对土壤酶活性多表现为抑制作用,且以脲酶活性最敏感,其次是过氧化氧酶活性.人工修复植被能明显提高锰矿区废弃地土壤的酶活性. 相似文献
10.
甘肃小陇山日本落叶松人工林土壤养分特征分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在立地条件相对一致的情况下,应用时空互代的方法,探讨了土壤养分的时空变异性特征和动态演化规律。结果表明:土壤养分总体较为丰富,且土壤熟化程度高,但速效N和速效P俱缺。土壤养分含量变异系数较大,为4.0%~61.5%,土壤养分受外界因素影响的空间变异性较为显著,反映了该区土壤性状不均一性。除全P外,其余土壤养分各指标(有机质、全N、全K、速效N、速效P、速效K)天然林都大于人工林。日本落叶松人工林土壤有机质、全N、全P、全K、速效N、速效P、速效K含量在定植后的4~8 a间均呈下降趋势,而在8~26 a间全P、全K、速效N、速效K含量均呈上升趋势,速效P含量呈下降趋势,但总体上地力有所恢复。 相似文献
11.
杉木人工林氮素营养的叶绿素诊断指标的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
１９８７至１９８８年在江西省枫树山林场浮东分场设置了代表５、１０、２０年生杉木林分和好、差立地条件的六块标准地，观测杉木叶绿素、精氨酸和氨态氮含量在不同林龄、立地条件及不同立木级间的差异及其季节变化动态。生长盛期各林龄之间叶绿素含量相差不大，初期和末期则有明显差异。生长盛期叶绿素含量远高于初期和末期，尤其是第二个生长高峰期。各生育期不同林龄针叶叶绿素含量大多表现为好地高于差地，第二个生长高峰期为地上５、１０和２０年生优势木针叶叶绿素含量分别达２．５０，２．２４和２．１４ｍｇ／ｇｆ．ｗ。初期和第一、第二生长盛期杉木针叶叶绿素含量与针叶氮素浓度之间存在显著的线性回归关系（Ｒ值分别为０．８６、０．７６和０．８１），这些时期的杉木叶绿素含量可作为评价杉木氮素营养状况的生理指标。良好立地上杉木嫩枝幼叶精氨酸和氨态氮含量均高于差地。第二个生长盛期５、１０和２０年生优势木针叶精氨酸含量分别达４７．５５，４３．３７和２９．４４ｍｇ／１００ｇｆ．ｗ．，相应差地则分别为２８．１６，２６．４２和１４．９５ｍｇ／１００ｇｆ．ｗ．。 相似文献
12.
以大鹤国有防护林场3种不同林龄(15、23、34 a)的湿地松林为研究对象,研究了不同林龄湿地松林土壤酶活性及其养分含量变化特征。结果表明:土壤pH值随着林龄增加呈先降低后升高,随着土层深度的增加逐渐升高。随着林龄的增长,土壤有机质先增加后降低;土壤水解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量逐渐降低。土壤中的脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶活性随林龄的增长逐渐降低;酸性磷酸酶活性仅在表层土随着林龄的增长逐渐降低,而随着土层的加深表现为先增长后降低。土壤养分和酶活性随土层深度的变化均存在显著性变化。相关分析表明,土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和酸性磷酸酶均与土壤有机质、水解氮、有效磷和速效钾存在极显著正相关(P<0.01),多酚氧化酶与速效钾呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。滨海地区湿地松在林龄较低阶段土壤养分较为充足,随着林龄的增长,土壤肥力逐渐下降,不利于森林可持续发展。 相似文献
13.
广西杉木连栽幼林根际与非根际土壤特性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《湖北林业科技》2017,(2)
采用配对样地法对广西连栽杉木幼林不同栽植代数(一代林G1、二代林G2)的根际土和非根际土进行了土壤特性的分析研究,为连栽杉木人工林经营与可持续发展提供理论依据。结果表明:土壤pH值、有机质、全N、全P、水解性N、有效P、速效K、交换性Ca~(2+)、有效Fe、有效Mn含量均表现为G2G1,根际土(R)非根际土(S),而土壤全K含量则反之。杉木连栽对林地土壤养分状况、酶活性和微生物具有一定影响。土壤酶活性表现为G2G1,根际土(R)非根际土(S)。无论是在根际土还是非根际土,土壤微生物优势种均为细菌,微生物总数、细菌、放线菌、真菌数量表现为G1G2;栽植代数增加,细菌所占微生物总数比例下降,而放线菌所占比例则有明显增加趋势。 相似文献
14.
Temperature during seed maturation can induce an epigenetic memory effect in growth phenology of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) that lasts for several years. To quantify the epigenetic modifications induced by natural climatic variation, common garden experiments with plants originating from different provenances and seed years were performed. Plants from warmer seed years showed delayed phenology with later bud flush, bud set and growth cessation. This effect was quantified by linear models of phenology traits as a function of climate indices for the origin and seed year of the plants. Significant effects of the temperature during seed production (seed year) was found for the bud set in seedlings in their first growing season and for bud flush and growth cessation in the 7th-8th growing season from seed. The models suggest that growth start and growth cessation are delayed 0.7–1.8 days per 100 additional degree days experienced by the seed during embryo development and seed maturation. Models that include factors that are known to induce epigenetic effects could be used to better predict future performance of forest reproductive material. 相似文献
15.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1-4):127-140
Soil water and temperature measurements were made at a clearcutting in Jädraås, central Sweden, to give appropriate information for nutrient flow calculations and soil biological research. Compared to uncovered plots, slash‐covered plots were 1–2°C colder and had 3–6 volume percent higher water content in the 5 cm thick humus‐layer during the growing season following cutting. Relative to air, soil temperatures became warmer at both treatments during the second season and differences between uncovered and covered plots decreased. Tension dynamics in the mineral soil was most pronounced in uncovered plots, especially during the first dry growing season. The physically based model, SOIL, was used to analyse these observations and to estimate the effects of clearcutting. Simulated snow and frost depths, soil temperatures, water contents and tensions as well as ground water table were compared with measured data during a period of one to four years. Physical parameter values were estimated from independent measurements and by subjective optimization. Simulated soil water dynamics revealed the importance of hysteresis and vapour flows in sandy forest soils. The hydrological clearcutting effect as estimated from mature Scots pine evapotranspiration properties showed a 50% reduction of evapotranspiration, an increased soil water storage (0–1 m) of up to 120 mm and an increased percolation of 125 mm per year. 相似文献
16.
Lahti M Aphalo PJ Finér L Lehto T Leinonen I Mannerkoski H Ryyppö A 《Tree physiology》2002,22(18):1311-1316
Five-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings were subjected to three simulated growing seasons in controlled environment chambers. Plants were acclimated to a soil temperature of 16 degrees C during the first and third growing seasons, but were allocated at random to soil temperature treatments of 9, 13, 18 and 21 degrees C during the second growing season. Low soil temperature during the second growing season depressed stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate (A) per unit of projected leaf area, although intercellular CO2 concentrations did not differ significantly between treatments. At all soil temperatures, total chlorophyll concentration first decreased and then increased, although the rate of increase and the final concentration increased with soil temperature, which may explain the effect of soil temperature on A. Neither chlorophyll a/b ratio nor leaf nitrogen concentration was significantly affected by soil temperature. Treatment differences disappeared during the third simulated growing season when plants were again acclimated to a soil temperature of 16 degrees C. 相似文献
17.
We analyzed annual carbohydrate storage and mobilization of bearing ("on") and non-bearing ("off") 'Kerman' pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) trees growing on three different rootstocks. On all rootstocks, carbohydrate storage in shoots and branches of "on" and "off" trees was lowest following the spring growth flush. In "off" trees, stored carbohydrates increased and remained high after the initial growth flush. In "on" trees, stem carbohydrates increased temporarily in early summer, but were mobilized in mid-season during kernel fill, and then increased again after nut harvest. During the dormant season, the only substantial differences in carbohydrate storage between previously "on" and "off" trees were found in the roots of the weakest rootstock. The annual carbohydrate storage and mobilization pattern in canopy branches of heavily cropped pistachio trees appeared to be driven by carbohydrate demands related to nut development and untempered by tree vigor. Mobilization of carbohydrates from current-season and 1- and 2-year-old stem wood of "on" trees during the primary period of kernel fill corresponded with the period of inflorescence bud abscission. Thus, the alternate bearing pattern associated with inflorescence bud abscission in 'Kerman' pistachio may be a function of mid-season mobilization of stored carbohydrates in current-season stems resulting in stimulation of inflorescence bud abscission. 相似文献
18.
To improve the productivity of poplar plantations, a field experiment of split-plot design with four tree spacings and three poplar clones was established, and four soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass were monitored in the trial.Soil enzyme activities, in most cases,were significantly higher in topsoil(0–10 cm) than in lower horizons(10–20 cm).Soil cellulase, catalase and protease activities during the growing season were higher than during the non-growing season, while invertase activity followed the opposite trend.Soil invertase, cellulase and catalase activities varied by poplar clone but soil protease activity did not.Cellulase and protease activities in the plantation at 5×5 m spacing were significantly higher than in the other spacings.The highest catalase activity was recorded at 6×6 m spacing.At the same planting density, invertase activity was greater in square spacings than in rectangular spacings.Soil microbial biomass was also significantly affected by seedling spacing and poplar clone.The mean soil MBC was significantly lower in topsoil than in the lower horizon, while MBN showed the opposite pattern.Significantly positive correlations were observed among soil cellulase, protease and catalase activities(p0.01), whereas soil invertase activity was negatively and significantly correlated with cellulase, protease and catalase activities(p0.01).Soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities were not correlated except for a significantly negative correlation between soil MBC and catalase activities.Variations in soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass in different poplar plantations suggest that genotype and planting spacing should be considered when modeling soil nutrient dynamics and managing for long-term site productivity. 相似文献
19.
We used a litterbag method to investigate litter decomposition and related soil degradative enzyme activities across four seasons in a broad-leaved forest and a coniferous forest on Zijin Mountain in s... 相似文献
20.
Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings were cultivated from seeds sown in pots or directly in the ground in outdoor chambers that were transparent to solar radiation, and provided either ambient air or CO(2)-enriched air (ambient + 350 &mgr;mol mol(-1)). The rooting volume was high in all experiments. In the short-term experiment, potted plants were assigned to a factorial CO(2) x nutrient treatment (optimal nutrient supply and severe nutrient shortage) for 1 year. In the long-term experiment, plants were grown directly in the ground and received an optimal supply of water and nutrients in both CO(2) treatments for 3 years. Nutrient stress caused carboxylation capacity (V(m)) to decrease in the potted seedlings exposed to CO(2)-enriched air during their first growing season. In the long-term experiment with optimal nutrient supply, CO(2)-enriched air did not affect V(m), but caused an upward acclimation of maximum electron transport rate (J(m)). Consequently, there was a 14% increase in the J(m)/V(m) ratio, indicating nitrogen reallocation to maintain an equilibrium between RuBP consumption and RuBP regeneration. Both V(m) and J(m) decreased during the growing season in both CO(2) treatments. Although upward acclimation of J(m) was no longer apparent at the end of the third growing season, plants in CO(2)-enriched air maintained a higher J(m)/V(m) ratio than plants in ambient air, indicating that photosynthetic acclimation always occurred. Second flush leaves appeared during each growing season. When expressed on the basis of foliar nitrogen concentration, their photosynthetic characteristics (V(m) and J(m)) were enhanced compared with other leaves. Because the number of second flush leaves was also increased in the elevated CO(2) treatment, this response should be taken into account when modeling the effects of elevated CO(2) concentration on canopy photosynthesis. Stomatal conductance decreased in response to atmospheric CO(2) enrichment; however, the stomatal response to irradiance followed a single relationship based on two stomatal conductance models. 相似文献