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1.
Acetylated wood meals of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D.Don) wood were prepared by mechanochemical processing using a high-speed vibration rod mill. Weight percent gain (WPG) of the acetylated wood meals ranged from 7.0 to 35.5 %. Wood–plastic composites (WPCs) containing 50 % acetylated woods were produced by an injection molding technique. The polymer matrix used was polypropylene homopolymer. Maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) was also used as a compatibilizing agent. The mechanical properties of WPCs in bending and tensile tests were independent of WPG of acetylated wood meals, and the test values for WPCs containing acetylated wood meals were lower than that of unmodified wood meal. The use of MAPP increased bending and tensile strength, but no effect on bending modulus was found. An increase in WPG significantly decreased water absorbability and thickness swelling of WPCs as measured by dimensional stability tests. These results demonstrated that mechanochemical processing is a promising technique for preparing WPC material with improved dimensional stability. The future challenge is to inhibit the decreases in mechanical properties of WPCs containing acetylated wood meals.  相似文献   

2.
木纤维PP/PE共混物复合材料的流变和力学性能(英文)   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
For evaluation of the rheological and mechanical properties of highly filled wood plastic composites （WPCs）, polypropylene/polyethylene （PP/PE） blends were grafted with maleic anhydride （MAH） to enhance the interfacial adhesion between wood fiber and matrix. WPCs were prepared from wood fiber up to 60 wt.% and modified PP/PE was blended by extrusion. The rheological properties were studied by using dynamic measurement. According to the strain sweep test, the linear viscoelastic region of composites in the melt was determined. The result showed that the storage modulus was independent of the strain at low strain region （〈0.1%）. The frequency sweep resuits indicated that all composites exhibited shear thinning behavior, and both the storage modulus and complex viscosity of MAH modified composites were decreased comparing to those unmodified. Flexural properties and impact strength of the prepared WPCs were measured according to the relevant standard specifications. The flexural and impact strength of the manufactured composites significantly increased and reached a maximum when MAH dosage was 1.0 wt%, whereas the flexural modulus after an initial decreased, also increased with MAH dosage. The increase in mechanical properties indicated that the presence of anhydride groups enhanced the interracial adhesion between wood fiber and PP/PE blends.  相似文献   

3.
木粉和稻壳粉是制备木塑复合材料(WPC)常用原料。WPC在使用过程中经常受到热和水分的影响,笔者对比研究了稻壳粉/HDPE和木粉/HDPE两种复合材料经历热氧老化和长时间水浸渍后性能的变化规律。结果表明:木粉/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)复合材料的弯曲强度和弹性模量都大于稻壳粉/HDPE的;随着热氧老化或水浸渍处理时间的延长,复合材的挠曲性能下降,其中木粉/HDPE复合材的弹性模量下降最为迅速;复合材料表面明度值随着热处理时间的延长而减小,说明颜色变暗,稻壳粉与木粉填充的复合材之间差别不大。通过光学显微镜观察发现,HDPE与稻壳粉或木粉之间都有缝隙存在,为水分和氧气的进出提供了通道。  相似文献   

4.
The thickness swelling rates of compression molded wood plastic composites (WPCs) prepared from 50% by weight sawdust and 50% by weight virgin and/or recycled plastics (HDPE and PP) were studied. Thickness swelling rates of the manufactured WPCs were evaluated by immersing them in water at room temperature and monitoring thickness changes for several weeks. A swelling model developed by Shi and Gardner (Composites Part A, 37:1276–1285, 2006) was used to study the thickness swelling process of WPCs. The parameter K SR of the model can be used to quantify the swelling rate. The results indicated that composites containing PP had lower equilibrium thickness swelling and also shorter equilibrium time (time to reach equilibrium thickness swelling). The swelling model developed was a good predictor of the hygroscopic swelling process of wood plastic composites. Composites containing PP (virgin and recycled) had higher K SR than those containing HDPE. The minimum and maximum K SR values were observed in composites made of virgin HDPE and a mixture of recycled plastics, respectively. With increasing recycled plastic content K SR linearly decreased.  相似文献   

5.
Introduction It is well known that over the past few decades, polymers have replaced many conventional materials, such as metal and wood in many applications. This is due to the advantages of polymers over conventional materials (Maurizio et al. 1998; Adr…  相似文献   

6.
Wood specimens were prepared in a swollen state using solvent exchange (PS) treatment. The swollen wood specimens were acetylated using acetic anhydride by heating at 80–120°C. At the beginning of heating, the weight percent gain (WPG) of PS-treated wood was greater than that of conventionally acetylated wood. This acceleration effect of the PS treatment was explained by the introduction of treating reagent into the wood polymers where the intermolecular hydrogen bonds were previously broken. On the other hand, the PS treatment had no influence on the final WPG and moisture sorption characteristics of acetylated wood. This indicated that the intrinsic reactivity of wood constituents was unaffected by the PS treatment. The acetylation of PS-treated wood produced greater bulking and slightly higher dimensional stability than that in the case of conventional acetylation at the same WPG. It was speculated that the expansion of cell lumina due to the PS treatment resulted in greater bulking on acetylation and lesser swelling of acetylated wood with moisture sorption.  相似文献   

7.
This paper presents the effects of particle size and mixing ratio on the properties including physical, mechanical, and decay resistance of wood plastic composites (WPCs). In addition, it also presents the effects of immersion temperatures on water absorption (WA) and thickness swelling (TS) of the WPCs. WPCs with a thickness of 6 mm were fabricated from Albizia richardiana King & Prain wood particles and recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) by the flat-press method. To prepare the WPCs, two different wood particle sizes (0.5–1.0 and 1.01–2.0 mm) were used along with four different mixing ratios (w/w). Subsequently, the physical properties include density, moisture content, WA, and TS, and mechanical properties include modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR) of the produced WPCs was evaluated. Furthermore, decay resistance was evaluated by the weight loss percentage method. Moreover, the effects of immersion temperatures on WA and TS of WPCs after 24 h of immersion in water at three different temperatures, i.e., 25, 50, and 75 °C were investigated. Results showed that the wood particle size had impact on WPC’s density (only 6% decreased with the increase of particle size); however, the density decreased by 29% when the wood particle content increased from 40 to 70%. The WA and TS gradually increased with the increase of particle content and decrease of particle size. In addition, WA and TS increased proportionately with increasing immersion temperature from 25 to 75 °C. Furthermore, the highest MOE (2570 N/mm2) was found for the WPCs fabricated from large wood particles having the ration of 50:50 (wood particle:PET). For decay resistance, WPCs consisted of larger particles and higher PET content showed greater resistance against decay. Therefore, it is comprehensible that fabrication of the WPCs from 50% large particles and 50% PET is technically feasible and further improvement of WPC performance like enhancement of MOE and reduction of density using coupling agent and agricultural waste fibers, respectively, in the WPC formulation is recommended.  相似文献   

8.
马来酸酐接枝PP/PE共混物及其木塑复合材料   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
通过聚丙烯(PP)与聚乙烯(PE)机械混合来模拟废旧塑料混合物,利用马来酸酐(MAH)对PP/PE混合物进行接枝改性,然后以接枝共混物作为基体与木纤维复合制备木塑复合材料。通过对比接枝前后的红外光谱图,证明MAH已成功接枝在PP/PE共混物上。力学测试结果显示:基体经过接枝改性后,复合材料的弯曲强度和无缺口冲击强度均大幅度升高,当MAH用量为1%时,弯曲强度提高了50.4%,无缺口冲击强度提高了90.8%,而以废旧塑料为原料制备的复合材料的弯曲强度和无缺口冲击强度分别提高40.2%和53.4%。微观相形态分析表明:通过接枝改性不仅改善了PP/PE共混体系的相容性,同时也显著改善了木纤维与PP/PE共混物之间的界面结合状况,因而宏观上表现为力学性能提高。这表明,共混接枝改性方法可能是利用混合废旧塑料制备高性能木塑复合材料的一条可行途径。  相似文献   

9.
微发泡木塑复合材料耐腐性能的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
研究了5种不同木塑比的木塑复合材料的天然耐腐性能。结果表明:①木塑复合材料的天然耐腐性能为强耐腐等级,受菌侵染后质量损失率随着木粉含量的提高而增大,但均小于3.5%,方差分析表明,木粉含量对试件质量损失率的影响高度显著,指数函数y=a×exp(x/b)+c对5种木塑材料的平均质量损失率拟合结果较好,决定系数R2为0.923 58;②通过SEM和DSC分析,木塑材料受菌侵染后,主要是木质材料受到了破坏。  相似文献   

10.
Abstract

Five mineral fillers were tested for wood–plastic composites (WPCs): calcium carbonate, two different types of wollastonite, soapstone and talc. The impact of the fillers on the mechanical properties of the composites was studied. The experiments included bending tests, tensile tests, Brinell hardness and scanning electron microscopy experiments. The amount of wood, mineral and plastic (polypropylene) was kept steady. Only the mineral type was changed during the tests. A control sample without any mineral added was also manufactured. The mineral addition improved the tensile strength of the WPCs. The hardness of the composite was also improved when the minerals were added, and along with the increasing mineral hardness, the hardness of the composite increased. The wollastonite acicular shape was crushed during the manufacturing process, so the phase of the process in which the minerals are added requires careful consideration.  相似文献   

11.
The radial compression behaviors of acetylated cedar wood were measured in various liquids. The compressive Young’s modulus (E) of acetylated wood was reduced by soaking in water, toluene, and acetone, but it was always greater than that of water-swollen unmodified wood at the same swelling level. The behaviors of acetone-swollen unmodified wood were similar to those of acetylated wood rather than those of water-swollen unmodified wood. These results indicated that the swelling of hydrophobic wood components had a lesser influence on the E of wood than the water-swelling of unmodified hydrophilic components. After large compression (ε > 45%), a part of the strain remained unrecovered because of irreversible mechanical deformation. Since the remaining strain was smaller in the wood specimens indicating greater stress relaxation, it was assumed that the viscoelastic deformation of amorphous matrix components is important for lesser irreversible deformation and effective shape recovery of wood. In contrast with water-swollen unmodified wood, the acetylated wood and acetone-swollen unmodified wood exhibited greater shape recovery despite their relatively higher E. This suggested that the swelling of hydrophobic wood components reduced the viscosity of the matrix rather than its elasticity, resulting in more effective shape recovery with lesser softening.  相似文献   

12.
刘颖  谢杰  全鹏  李贤军 《林产工业》2019,46(7):16-22
以白橡热压干燥材为研究对象,利用动态水分吸附仪研究了不同热压温度干燥处理后白橡木材和未处理对照材的等温吸湿特性,并采用H-H模型拟合;分析热压干燥对木材吸湿特性的降低机理。结果表明:白橡木材等温吸湿线皆为IUPAC Ⅱ型等温吸湿线。在任意相对湿度下,热压干燥材平衡含水率均明显低于对照材,且热压温度越高,平衡含水率降低越明显。H-H模型对白橡木材等温吸湿数据表现出良好的拟合效果。单分子层和多分子层含水率降低共同作用使得热压干燥材吸湿性降低,且相对湿度越高,多分子层水的减少对吸湿性的降低作用越大。与对照材相比,热压干燥材(140、150 ℃和160 ℃)的纤维饱和点推测值分别降低8.89%、11.76%和13.62%。白橡热压干燥材吸湿性降低机理主要为游离羟基等亲水基团含量减少和细胞壁刚度增加等。  相似文献   

13.
Changes in physical and mechanical properties of wood were analyzed using sorption tests combined with dimensional measurements and perpendicular-to-the-grain tangential compression tests. In order to determine the influence of wood structure on these changes, three hardwood species (Fagus grandifolia, Brosimum alicastrum and Cariniana domestica) presenting different anatomical structures were studied. Two experimental techniques were used to perform moisture sorption tests at 25°C. The first technique used saturated salt solutions (from 33 to 90% relative humidity) and the second used the pressure membrane method (above 96% relative humidity). Special attention was given to the “fiber saturation region”, where changes in wood properties started to take place. Results showed that at equilibrium moisture content (EMC), radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkage, as well as changes in transverse strength occurred above the fiber saturation point (FSP). This behavior can be explained by the effect of hysteresis at saturation on wood properties. This hysteresis indicates that loss of bound water takes place in the presence of liquid or capillary water, which contradicts the concept of FSP. The initial EMC at which bound water starts to be removed varied largely among the wood species.  相似文献   

14.
The dynamic water vapour sorption properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood samples were studied to investigate the modifying effects of glutaraldehyde. Pine sapwood was treated with solutions of glutaraldehyde and a catalyst (magnesium chloride) to obtain weight per cent gains of 0.5, 8.6, 15.5, and 21.0%, respectively. The sorption behaviour of untreated and treated wood was measured using a Dynamic Vapour Sorption apparatus. The results showed considerable reduction in equilibrium moisture content of wood and the corresponding equilibrium time at each target relative humidity (RH) due to glutaraldehyde treatment. The moisture adsorption and desorption rates of modified and unmodified wood were generally faster in the low RH range (up to approximate 20%) than in the high range. Modification primarily reduced the adsorption and desorption rates over the high RH range of 20–95%. Glutaraldehyde modification resulted in a reduction in sorption hysteresis due to the loss of elasticity of cell walls.  相似文献   

15.
比较了花榈木与常用木材的平衡含水率后表明，花榈木的心材平衡含水率比常用木材低３．１％。  相似文献   

16.
In this study, different extents of acetylated and butyrylated bamboo particle/plastic composites (BPPC) were produced by the flat-platen pressing process. The effect of esterification on mechanical and interfacial properties of BPPC was evaluated by a universal testing machine, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), 13C CP/MAS nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometer, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the internal bond (IB) and wood screw-holding strength of BPPC were significantly increased after acetylation, even though the weight gain of acetylated bamboo particles was only 2%. In addition, SEM micrographs revealed that acetylated bamboo particles were effectively trapped by the polymeric matrix on the IB-fractured surface of BPPC. These results indicate that the interfacial interaction between the bamboo particle and the polymeric matrix can be enhanced through acetylation.  相似文献   

17.
By expressing wood moisture content data as a function of adsorption energy, an interesting scaling capability is obtained, wherefrom the general hydrostatic pressure and temperature dependence of wood moisture content is determined. The scaling law is fully consistent with the thermodynamics of swelling. It can be used to transform room condition sorption isotherms to other temperatures and hydrostatic pressures, provided that the wood matrix is not irreversibly modified. A special procedure is suggested for the case of an irreversibly changing wood matrix, as in thermal modification and thermo-hydro-mechanical treatments. Using the present scaling theory, several fundamental aspects of wood moisture sorption are explained, such as the absence of a significant quantity of strongly bound wood moisture, the internal stress generation by sorption hysteresis in the wood cell wall, and the reason for the reversible disappearance of the sigmoid shape of the sorption isotherm at higher temperature. The results of this research may be useful (a) for transformation of known sorption data to other conditions, notably where in situ moisture measurements are difficult to perform and (b) to quantify the effects of internal stresses in the ultrastructure of the cell wall on moisture content.  相似文献   

18.
Unmodified and acetylated cedar wood specimens were swollen in various liquids and dried under radial compression. Two stress relaxation processes were observed during drying, and the second process observed below the fiber saturation point was responsible for the drying-set and the temporary fixation of compressive deformation. The fixed shape of acetylated wood was partly recovered by soaking it in water and toluene and completely recovered in acetone. The effective shape fixation and recovery of toluene-swollen samples implied that the intermolecular hydrogen bonding was not necessary for the drying-set of acetylated wood. The degree of shape recovery was not explained by initial softening, while the acetylated wood always exhibited greater recoverability than unmodified wood. Although 85% stiffness was lost after large compression set and recovery of unmodified wood, such a stiffness loss was limited to 39% when the acetylated wood was processed with organic liquids. This indicated that the swelling of the hydrophobic region in the acetylated wood was effective in preventing mechanical damage due to large compressive deformation.  相似文献   

19.
The effect of wood species (Chinese fir and Poplar), wood fiber content (10%, 25%, 40%) and wood fiber sizes (16 to 32 mesh, 32-65 mesh, above 65 mesh) on the properties of the wood fiber-Polypropylene composites were studied in this paper. The results indicate that the effect of wood fiber content and size in composite were more important than that of chosen wood species. Compared with polypropylene without wood fiber, the flexural strength of the composites increased when adding wood fiber into polypropylene, but the tensile and unnotched charpy impact strength decreased. And the above strength decreased with the wood fiber content increasing. When the wood fiber size becoming smaller (in higher mesh), the strength increased. In the comparison of wood species, the properties of composite using Chinese fir wood were better than that of Poplar, but not significant. The dynamic mechanical properties of the composites and PP were also tested and analyzed in this paper.  相似文献   

20.
ABSTRACT

Acetylated wood is now commercially available and designed to be used in certain outdoor applications as an alternative to preservative-treated wood. Fastener corrosion can be a concern in preservative treated wood when the wood remains wet for long periods. However, little data on the corrosiveness of acetylated wood exists beyond the product literature. Here we examine the corrosiveness of commercially obtained acetylated wood and compare it against unmodified (untreated) southern pine (Pinus spp.). Corrosion rates of plain carbon steel, hot dip galvanized steel, and stainless steel were calculated gravimetrically after a one year exposed in the wood. Four different moisture conditions were examined: 90% relative humidity (RH), 95% RH, 100% RH, and a fully water saturated condition. When compared to literature data on the corrosion of fasteners in preservative treated wood at 100% RH, the acetylated wood had much lower steel corrosion rates than all preservatives examined; the measured corrosion rates for galvanized steel were lower than all preservatives except chromated copper arsenate. These measured corrosion rates across a range of moisture conditions can be used to inform the selection of appropriate corrosion resistant fasteners when building with acetylated wood.  相似文献   

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